PROPORTIONS

for Business Mathematics

Senior High School (ABM)
Quarter 1 / Week 3

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 FOREWORD

This Self Learning Kit will serve as a guide in identifying the

different kinds of proportions and writing examples of real-life
situations for each. It will be your aid as you learn new ideas
and enrich your existing knowledge about mathematical
and business concepts.

In this learning kit you will gain knowledge in the different

kinds of proportions and their application in real-life situations.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
K: define proportions and enumerate its kinds;
S: write real-life situations depicting the different kinds of
proportion; and
A: appreciate the application of proportions in real life.

LEARNING COMPETENCY
Identify the different kinds of proportions and write examples
of real-life situations for each. (ABM_BM11FO-If-3)

I. What Happened
Quick Recall
● A ratio is a comparison of two quantities by division
● A proportion is an equality of ratios.
(Bryant 2014)
PRETEST:
Test whether the following pairs of ratios are PROPORTION or NOT. Write your
answers in your notebook.

1. 4.

2. 5.

3.
II. What You Need to Know
DISCUSSION
What is PROPORTION?
A statement that two ratios are equal is called a proportion.
If QUOTE are two equal ratios, then the statement is called a
proportion.

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 Each of the four numbers in a proportion is called a term of the
proportion.
From , a is the first term; b the second term; c the third term; and d the
fourth term. The first and fourth terms are called the extremes. The second
and third terms are called the means.

Example 1:

In the proportion , name the four terms, the means, and the

extremes.
Solution:
First term = 5 Second term = 6 Third term = 10 Fourth term = 12
The means are 6 and 10; the extremes are 5 and 12.

Two ratios are equivalent/proportion if they express the same relationship

between two quantities. These ratios have the same value.

Example:
1. 300 miles in 6 hours and 250 miles in 5 hours
300 miles : 6 hours = 300÷6 =50
6÷6 1

250 miles : 5 hours = 250 ÷ 5 =50

5÷5 1
The ratios simplify to the same value which is 50. Hence, they are equivalent.

2. P500 for 5 pairs of socks and P300 for 2 pairs of socks

P500 : 5 pairs = 500 ÷ 5 = 100
5÷5 1
P300 : 2 pairs = 300 ÷ 2 = 150
2÷2 1
Since the two ratios simplify to different values, therefore, they are not equivalent.

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 Two fractions are equivalent/proportion if they have equal values. By
multiplying or dividing both the numerator and denominator by the same
amount, an equivalent fraction can be obtained.

Example:
1. 5 =10 5 . 2 = 10 10 = 10_ x = 12
6 x 6 . 2 x 12 x

2. 6 =24 6 . 4 = 24 24 = 24_ x = 28
7 x 7 . 4 x 28 x

3. 7 =x 7 . 5 =x 35 = x_ x = 35
10 50 10 . 5 50 50 50

TYPES OF PROPORTION

● If a kilo of rice costs P50, how come that 10 kilos of rice costs P500?

This explains that the total costs of rice to be paid is directly proportional to the
number of kilos bought.

This is direct proportion, when two variables, say x and y, varying such that as x
increases, y also increases or as x decreases, y also decreases proportionally; that
is, the ratio is always the same. The same holds true with the ratio.
Example:
Two boxes of chocolates cost PhP180. How much do 7 boxes of chocolates cost?
Solution: The more the boxes, the higher the cost; that is, both quantities are
increasing. We have a direct proportion. The ratio is always the same. That
is, =
Substituting the given values, we have

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 ● If 2 persons can finish working 6 fishponds in 3 days, then 6 persons can finish
6 fishponds in 1 day.
This shows that the number of days working in 6 fishponds is indirectly/inversely
proportional to the number of persons working.
This is indirect/inverse proportion, wherein two variables, say x and y, varying such
that as x increases, y decreases, or as x decreases, y increases proportionally; that
is, the product of x and y is always the same.

Example:
In a T-shirt design factory, 5 employees can finish designing 20 t-shirts in one hour.
How long will it take 10 people to make 20 designs?
Solution:
5 employees = x hour to finish the design x 5 (1) =1_ hour
10 employees 1 hour to finish the design 10 2
=

We see that the more employees on a job, the less time needed to finish the job
to complete.
When an increase in one quantity results on to a decrease in another, it shows an
inverse proportion.

III. What I have Learned

POST TEST:
A. Write the appropriate proportion statement for the following problems by
letting x be the unknown,and identify the type of proportion. Write your
answers in your notebook.
1. Jessa buys three bananas for PHP25.50. How much does she have to
pay for a dozen of these bananas?
2. A typist can finish 4 pages in 6 minutes. How long will it take him to finish
18 pages?
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3. A menu which serves 5 people requires 3 cups of flour. How many cups
of flour are needed for the menu to serve 20 people?
4. To finish a certain job in 8 days, 6 workers are needed. If it is required to
finish the same job in 2 days advance, how many workers have to work?

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 ANSWER KEY

SYNOPSIS
This Self Learning Kit (SLK) is all about
proportion and its types. You will also learn
how to write and solve proportions.

In this SLK, you will find it enjoyable to solve

proportions and relate it to the day to day
life like buying goods in the market or even
in completing tasks at home.

As you read and understand the discussion,

you will be appreciating the value of
knowing proportions and find it easy to
deal, relate and compute.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

CHONA V. BONTIGAO received her Certificate of
Professional Education last March 2016 at St.
Francis College of Guihulngan, Guihulngan City,
Negros Oriental. She was a graduate of Bachelor
of Science in Business Administration major in
Management Accounting at Asian College of
Science and Technology Dumaguete City last
2006. She is currently pursuing her Master’s Degree
major in Educational Management at Far East Advent School of
Theology International, Inc., in Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental.
She is currently teaching at Jimalalud National High School, Jimalalud
Negros Oriental handling Accountancy, Business and Management
(ABM) subjects. She is also the Career Guidance/ Guidance
coordinator of the said school.

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA, EdD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

MARCELO K. PALISPIS, EdD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
CID Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ELISA L. BAGUIO, EdD

Education Program Supervisor – MATHEMATICS

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

CHONA V. BONTIGAO
Writer

CHRISTIAN EVEN D. SANTILLAN

Lay-out Artist
_______________________________

ALPHA QA TEAM
LITTIE BETH S. BERNADEZ
MERCYDITHA D. ENOLPE
RONALD G. TOLENTINO

BETA QA TEAM
ELIZABETH A. ALAP-AP
EPIFANIA Q. CUEVAS
NIDA BARBARA S. SUASIN
VRENDIE P. SYGACO
MELBA S. TUMARONG
HANNAHLY I. UMALI

ENHANCEMENT TEAM

ANGELICA G. ZAMBRANO
DONNA D. FRANCISCO

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 REFERENCES

Bryant, M., et al. 2014. Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Material, Deped – IMCS.
Pasig City: Vibal Group, Inc.

Lopez, B., Lundag, L., Dagal, K. 2016. Business Math. Pasig city: Vibal Group.
Teaching Guide for Senior High School Business Mathematics. n. d. Quezon City:
Commision on Higher Education.