ekologiis safuZvlebi

sferos, xmeleTsa da okeanes. agreTve ganibneva kosmiur sivrceSi siTburi (infrawiTeli) gamosxive-
bis saxiT. gamodis, rom dedamiwamde moRweuli mzis energiis 1% savsebiT sakmarisia arsebuli mTeli
cocxalis dasakmayofileblad.
mzis gamosxivebis biologiuri moqmedeba sxvadasxvagvari da ganpirobebulia misi speqtruli
SemadgenlobiT, intensivobiT da, agreTve, ganaTebis dReRamuri da sezonuri periodulobiT. mzis
gamosxivebis speqtrSi gamoiyofa biologiuri moqmedebiT gansxvavebuli sami are: ultraiisferi,
xiluli da infrawiTeli.
ultraiisferi sxivebi, romelTa talRis sigrZe 0.290 mkm-ze naklebia, damRupvelad moqmedebs
yvela cocxal arsebaze. sicocxle dedamiwaze mxolod imitom aris SesaZleb,eli rom am mokletal-
Rian gamosxivebas akavebs atmosferos ozonis Sre. dedamiwis zedapirze aRwevs mxolod ufro grZeli
ultraiisferi sxivebis (0.300 _ 0.400 mkm) mcire nawili. maT maRali qimiuri aqtivoba axasiaTebs da
didi dozebis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia cocxali ujredebi daazianos. mcire doziT ultraiisferi sxi-
vebi aucilebelia adamianisa da cxovelebisaTvis. kerZod, isini xels uwyobs organizmSi D vitaminis
warmoqmnas. zogierTi cxoveli, magaliTad, mwerebi mxedvelobiT arCeven ultraiisfer sxivebs.
xiluli sxivebis gavlenas, romelTa talRis sigrZe 0.400-dan 0.750 mkm-mdea, romelTa wilad
modis dedamiwis zedapiramde moRweuli mzis gamosxivebuli energiis didi nawili, gansakuTrebiT
didi mniSvneloba aqvs organizmebisaTvis.
mwvane mcenareebi asinTezeben organul nivTierebas, maSasadame, sakvebsac yvela danarCeni or-
ganizmisTvis speqtris swored am nawilis energiis xarjze.
miuxedavad amisa, zogierTi cxovelisa da uqlorofilo mcenaris arsebobisaTvis sinaTle ar
aris aucilebeli piroba. niadagis, mRvimeebisa da Rrma wylebis bevri saxeoba Seguebulia sruli
sibnelis pirobebSi sococxles. cxovelTa didi umravlesobisaTvis xiluli sinaTle garemos erT-
erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria.
cxovelTa umravlesoba kargad arCevs sinaTlis speqtrul Sedgenilobas, e. i. aqvs ferTa xed-
va. cxovelebSi sxvadasxva Seferilobis ganviTarebasTan erTad mxedvelobac umjobesdeboda, rac
exmareba maT mtrebisagan Tavis daRwevisa da Tavisive saxeobis individTa gamocnobaSi. mcenareebSi
gaCnda mkafio Seferilobis yvavilebi, romlebic izidavs dammtveravebs, ramac gaadvila jvaredini
damtverva.
0.750 mkm sigrZis talRis mqone infrawiTeli sxivebi, romlebic adamianis TvalisaTvis uxila-
via, siTburi energiis mniSvnelovani wyaroa. am sxivebiT gansakuTrebiT mdidaria mzis pirdapiri si-
naTle. am grZeltalRiani gamosxivebis STanTqmis Sedegad cxovelTa da mcenareTa qsovilebi Tbeba.
bevri civsisxliani cxoveli (xvlikebi, gvelebi, mwerebi) mzis sinaTles sxeulis temperaturis asa-
maRleblad iyenebs.
sinaTlis pirobebs bunebaSi mkveTrad gamoxatuli dReRamuri da sezonuri perioduloba axa-
siaTebs, rac dedamiwis brunviTaa ganpirobebuli.
ganaTebis dReRamur ritmTan dakavSirebiT, cxovelebs warmoeqmnaT mravalricxovani Segue-
buloba dRisa da Ramis sasicocxlo nirisadmi. yoveli saxeobis aqtivoba dRe-Ramis gansazRrul sa-
aTebs emTxveva. dRe-Ramis gansazRvrul saaTebSi bevr mcenares eSleba yvavilebi, xolo zogierTs
emCneva foTlebis dReRamuri moZraoba (magaliTad, zogierT parkosans). mcenareebsa da cxoveleb-
Si TiTqmis yvela fiziologiur process aqvs dReRamuri ritmi, maqsimumiTa da minimumiT gansazR-
vrul saaTebSi.
temperatura. mravali saxeoba Seguebulia temperaturis diapazonis patara cvlilebas. zo-
gierTi organizmi gansakuTrebiT mosvenebis stadiaSi itans dabal temperaturas. magaliTad, zo-
gierTi mikroorganizmi uZlebs temperaturis dawevas -2000C. zogierTi baqteria da wyalmcenare
mravldeba +880C.
organizmSi mimdinare yvela qimiuri procesi damokidebulia temperaturaze. amitom bunebri-
via, rom siTburi pirobebis didi cvlilebebi, romlebic bunebaSi xSirad SeiniSneba, did gavlenas
axdens cxovelTa da mcenareTa zrdaze, ganviTarebisa da cxovelqmedebis sxva gamovlinebebze. gare
temperaturaze aseTi damokidebuleba gansakuTrebiT aSkaradaa gamoxatuli im organizmebSi, rom-
lebsac ar SeuZliaT sxeulis mudmivi temper­aturis SenarCuneba, e. i. yvela mcenaresa da cxovelTa
umravlesobaSi frinvelebisa da ZuZumwovrebis garda, xmeleTis mcenareTa da cxovelTa didi ume-
tesoba aqtiuri cxovelqmedebis mdgomareobaSi ver itans uaryofiT temperaturas da iRupeba.
gamZleobis zeda temperaturuli zRvari erTnairi ar aris sxvadasxva saxeobisaTvis, magram
iSviaTad aRemateba 40-450C. saxeobaTa mxolod mcire ricxvia Seguebuli SedarebiT maRali tempe-
raturis pirobebSi sicocxles. ase magaliTad, cxel wyaroebSi zogierTi moluski cocxlobs wylis
530C-mde temperaturis pirobebSi, lombuzebis larvebi -60C-is dros, xolo zogierTi -70 -900C tem-
peraturaze.
optimaluri temperatura damokidebulia im pirobebze, romlebSic saxeoba binadrobs da ro-
melsac is Seegua bunebrivi gadarCevis safuZvelze wina evoluciis ganmavlobaSi. xmeleTis cxovel-

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