REVIEWER IN VALUES EDUCATION

• Cultural Values – core principles and ideals upon which the entire
community exist
• Work Productivity – how efficiently workers accomplish their goals
• Culture – complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law…
(Edward Taylor)
• Productivity – the outcome of human work; the result of man’s ability,
desire, and effort to do things…

I. WORK VALUES AS FOUNDATION FOR PRODUCTIVITY (TESDA

HANDBOOK)

1. INDUSTRIOUSNESS
- Sincerity, seriousness, diligence, and perseverance
2. ORDER & EFFICIENT USE OF TIME
- Systematic, organized, and punctual
3. SPIRIT OF INVENTIVENESS & SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY
- Self-reliant, resourceful, dependable, accountable
4. TEAMWORK AND SPIRIT OF SERVICE
- Cooperation, collaboration, solidarity, unity
5. PROFESSIONALISM
- Expertise, skill, and proficiency

MOTIVATING FACTORS (TESDA)

1. Acquisition of Material rewards – materialistic philosophy of work
can lead to greater productivity
2. Return to spirituality – productivity ought to be his love of God

II. FILIPINO CULTURAL VALUES

• Filipino values are ambivalent in the sense that they are potential
for good and evil. (Fr. Gorospe, 1969)
STRENGTHS
1. PAKIKIPAGKAPWA-TAO
- Pakikiramay
- Empathize with others
- Helpfulness and generosity
- Bayanihan; mutual assistance
- Pakiramdaman, pagtitiwala, sense of gratitude; utang na loob
 2. FAMILY-ORIENTED
- Concern for the family
- High regard for elderly
- Care for children and women
- Sympathy towards relatives and sacrifices

3. SENSE OF HUMOR
- Ability to laugh at worst circumstances

4. FLEXIBILITY, ADAPTABILITY, CREATIVITY

- Improvise new systems
- Provides out of whatever resources available
- Flexibility makes him or her adaptable to the work environment

5. HARDWORK AND INDUSTRY

- Willingness to take risks
- Stubborn will and effort to survive

6. SPIRITUALITY
- Strong faith in God
- Strong moral conscience
- Bahala na ang Diyos; God will provide

7. ABILITY TO SURVIVE
- Survive and live through the most challenging economic and political
situations
- Remain strong

WEAKNESSES
1. EXTREME PERSONALISM
- Pakiusap (request)
- Palakasan (power & influence)
- Nepotism and favoritism
- Graft and corruption
 2. EXTREME FAMILY CENTEREDNESS
- Political dynasties
- Compadrenism
- Kamag-anak incorporated

3. LACK OF DISCIPLINE
- Filipino time
- Palusot syndrome
- Puwede na iyan!
- Ningas Cogon
- Manana Habit
- Saka na iyan attitute

4. COLONIAL MENTALITY
- Lack of patriotism
- Actual preference for foreign things

5. KANYA-KANYA SYNDROME
- Crab mentality

6. LACK OF SELF-ANALYSIS AND SELF-REFLECTION

- Emphasis on forms rather than substance
- Mislead them into believing that impossible things can be or are already
made possible
- Flowery but meaningless arguments and assumptions

FILIPINOS VALUES FOR TODAY/CORE VALUES

1. TRUE, LOVE, & FAITH – what is righteous within the context of eternal
principles of right, or the law of order.
2. INTEGRITY – honesty, fairness, property of conformity to standards
3. HARDWORK – matiisin/mapagpasensya, industrious
4. SOCIAL JUSTICE – sharing of talents and materials with unfortunate
III. WORK – CLASSIFICATION, DEFINITION, ELEMENTS, AND
DIMENSIONS
A. WORK AS ITS EQUIVALENT
1. Jobs
2. Tasks
3. Duties
4. Assignments
5. Commissions
6. Projects
7. Chores
8. Labor

B. TYPES OF WORK
1. Standard work – common type of work; 8 AM – 5 PM; industries, school.
*excess work – beyond official work
2. Flexible work – 6 AM – 4 PM or 9AM – 6PM; employees work in flexible
hours; 1PM – 9 PM; *work from home: 8-5: standard work
3. Shift working – 24 hours divided by 3 = 8 hours (Hindi puwedeng i-
extend); may morning shift and may afternoon shift; *Security guards,
NLEX workers
4. Agency work – agency; dalawa ang trabaho; palipat-lipat; dinedeploy sa
iba-ibang industries
5. Freelance work – working for yourself; quota; once na-reach ‘yung
quota, stop na; ikaw ‘yung boss, manager, and so on.

C. DEFINITION OF WORK
• Work is part of man’s life.
• Productive undertaking
• for the benefit of HIMSELF- FAMILY-COMMUNITY
• Fulfillment of purpose of his humanity lies in his ability to use his:
1. Strength
2. Knowledge
3. Talents
4. Skills
• Paul Glenn: Man’s effort applied to production of goods; all human efforts
that involve MUSCLE-BODY, INTELLECT-MENTAL; WILL-MORAL
• In order to produce goods, utilities, commodities, and the like
• Activity involving mental or physical effort to achieve a purpose
• one exert strength or faculties to do something
• force causing movement/displacement
 • John Paul II: work is a good thing for humanity because through work,
man not only transform nature and adapt it to his own needs, but also
achieves fulfillment as a human being and find dignity in work.

D. CLASSIFICATIONS OF WORK
1. Mental work (intellect) – remembering, thinking, reasoning; intellect-
like; teaching, bookkeeping, accounting
2. Physical work – speed, coordination, intensity of muscular response;
laborer, janitor, construction workers, fishermen, farmers

E. ELEMENTS OF WORK
1. Will power – desires, motives, ways
2. Objectives – aims, targets, goals
3. Responsibility – love, commitment
4. Knowledge – perception, understanding

IV. WORK ETHICS, MORAL DISTINCTIONS, WORKPLACE

• Ethics – study of human conduct; practical science of morality
• Garcia 1981: Human conduct insofar may be considered right and wrong
• Zulueta, et.,al.: Studies human acting to determine what is in harmony with
dictated reasons.
• Ethics: integrity, moral, principles, honesty, right, fairness, responsibility,
conscience, choice, honor, values
• Code of Ethics: guiding set of principles intended to instruct professionals
to act in a manner that is honest and beneficial to all stakeholders.
• Nature of ethics: focused on correct way of doing things.
• Man is a social being.
MORAL DISTINCTIONS
1. Moral
- Conform the norms of morality
- Positive actions
- Permissible
- Acceptable
2. Immoral
- Not conform in norms of morality
- Negative
- Not permissible nor acceptable
3. Amoral
- Neutral
- May be good or bad depending on the purpose of the doer of the act
Example:
Tiger hunting for food is amoral while human killing another human is immoral.
AMORAL IMMORAL
adjective objective
Not covered/influenced by right and Failing to accept the principles of
wrong morality
Lack of morality Knows the difference but does the
wrong anyway.
Does not know between right and
wrong

WORK (WEBSTER, 1997)

- Physical or mental activity which is undertaken to achieve a purpose,
effort to earn a living
- Earns living for himself and others through the use of knowledge,
talents and skills.
EMPLOYEE
- Individual who has been hired; compensated; shall meet qualifications
EMPLOYER
- Company; Boss; Manager
LABORER
- Physical laborer
WORKPLACE
- Place of work
- Agency, company, headquarters, school, office
WORK ETHICS
- Determine cultural and ethical values and standrads
1. Effective
2. Efficient
3. Productive (workers)
- Standard of conduct and values
WORK ETHICS TO FOLLOW
1. Obey the rules and regulation of the company.
2. Communicate effectively.
 3. Develop personal relationships.
4. Take responsibility as per needs.
5. Be accountable.
6. Be loyal for what you do.
A GOOD WORKER
1. Arrive on time or earlier.
2. Happy to overtime.
3. Takes break when needed
4. Keep personal problems.
5. Admits to his mistakes.

V. VALUES AND PERSONALITY AND PERSONALITY AND PROFESSION

PERSONALITY
- Individual differences in characteristic patterns (thinking, feeling,
behaving).
- Set of behaviors, cognitions, and emotional patterns
PERSONALITY TRAITS NEEDED FOR SUCCESS
1. Decisiveness
2. Resilience
3. Interpersonal sensitivity
4. Motivation
5. Self-Awareness
6. Integrity
13 PERSONALITY TRAITS OF A DISENGAGED EMPLOYEE
1. Complain
2. Lack of enthusiasm
3. Irresponsible
4. No question
5. No growth
6. Distracted
7. No initiative
8. Independent
9. Liar
10.Doesn’t help others
11.Know-it-all
12. Make excuses
13.Gossip
MAIN ELEMENTS THAT DETERMINE PERSONALITY
1. GENETIC MAKE-UP
2. SHARED FAMILY PERSONALITY
3. YOUR ENVIRONMENT
4. LIFE EXPERIENCES

SPIRITUALITY
- Mean different things to different people
- Some: participation in organized religion
- Others: non-religious experience that involves in touch with spiritual
selves (prayer, yoga, meditation, quiet reflection, or time in nature)

AESTHETICS AND SPIRTUAL VALUES

Aesthetic
- branch of philosophy; nature and appreciation of art, beauty, and good
taste
- critical reflection of art, culture and nature
- Scientifically: study of sensory or sensori-emotional values (judgements
of sentiments and taste)
Religion
- Connecting to the Divine through someone else’s experience
- Primary concern: believing in, following the rules created by a certain
deity or spiritual teacher

SPIRITUALITY VS RELIGION
SPIRITUALITY RELIGION
personal Community-oriented
Emphasis: wisdom Emphasis: knowledge
Goal: love and freedom Goal: obedience and salutation
Feeling-based Rule-based; obeying external divinity
Present-oriented Future-oriented
informal Formal
Promotes: Joy and compassion Promotes: Self-sacrifice and duty
Self-directed Authority-oriented
Experiential-based Theoretrical-bases
ACCEPTANCE OF OTHERS
DOES NOT MEAN:
1. Agreeing with them
2. Approving to them
3. Waving your own rights
- Can still take appropriate actions to protect/support yourself or you
can let people be
- Accept the reality of other person
- You may like it or not, prefer it, feel sad or angry or joy from it.
HOW TO DO THIS?
1. Understand that it is impossible for you to know everything.
2. Understand that the only person you can change is yourself.
3. Engage in the activities and interest that the person is passionate about.
4. Remind yourself how it felt to be judge about who you are.

PERSONALITY OF WORKERS
- Individual differences in characteristics patterns of thinking, feeling,
and behaving
STUDYING OF PERSONALITY FOCUSES ON TWO BROAD AREAS
1. UNDERSTANDING INDIVIDUAL DIFFRENCES – sociability and irritability
2. UNDERSTANDING HOW VARIOUS PARTS OF A PERSON COME
TOGETHER AS A WHOLE
UNDERSTANDING INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
Factors influences individual differences
1. Age
2. Race
3. Gender
4. Temperament
5. Background
6. Heredity
7. Environment
Indiviual differences and other factors
Body System – how various parts come together as a whole
1. Immune system
 2. Digestive system
3. Cardiovascular system
4. Integumentary system
5. Respiratory system
6. Endocrine system
7. Reproductive system
8. Excretory system
9. Musculoskeletal system
10.Nervous system
COMPONENT OF PERSONALITY
1. Openness to experience – Inventive/Curious vs. Consistent/Cautious
- Person’s accepted level of imagination
- Multiple experiences like appreciating art, various emotions,
adventurous ideas
- Inventive/Curious: have a more active intellectual thought process and
multiple ways of dealing with problems.

2. Conscientiousness – Efficient/Organized vs. Easy going/careless

- Planned and organized approach rather than spontaneity and
randomness
- Structured person puts great value on order and control which reflects
a way of approaching tasks.
- Example: person plans a project to the last detail in a precise manner

3. Extraversion – Outgoing/Energetic vs. Solitary/Reserved

- Implies energy, positive emotions, forcefulness, friendliness, and
chattiness
- Extrovert Person: sociable, outgoing and attracted to others, can be
impulsive and take risks without weighing the odds.
- Introvert: less concerned with others, more inward-looking

4. Agreeableness – Friendly/Compassionate vs. Cold/Unkind

- Show compassion and co-operation
- Can help you be an amicable person
- Giving a cold shoulder to people you encounter may not go down well
and may hamper your work and progress

5. Neuroticism – sensitive/nervous vs. secure/confident

- Emotional stability, control over emotions and impulses, tendency of
anger, nervousness, despair, or susceptibility
- With Self-confidence: relaxed, optimistic, enjoy responsibility, like to
be tested, in under pressure they react calmly and organized, have faith
in coping ability, can deal with unexpected events, present views
confidently.