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Lecture-87 Other Power Plants
Lecture-87 Other Power Plants
Lecture-87 Other Power Plants
Overview
✗ It is power plant where a gas turbine is used as
prime mover for electrical energy generation
✗ In thermal power plants, products of combustion
are used to generate steam which is expanded
in prime
✗ mover but in Gas Turbine Power Plant Gas is
directly expanded in Prime Mover.
✗ In turbine blading, working gas expands & heat
energy is first converted to kinetic energy & then
to work of turbine shaft rotation.
✗ Gas Turbines in simple mode have an efficiency
of 32% to 38%.
Schematic
Working
✗ Compressor used in Gas Turbine Power Plant is of rotary
type.
✗ Filter removes the dust from air intake from atmosphere.
✗ Combustion chamber has a chamber in which air is injected at
high pressure, fuel is injected & burnt in stream of air supplied.
✗ Gases of combustion pass over turbine blades & expand &
result in rotation
✗ Alternator coupled to turbine converts mechanical energy to
electrical energy.
✗ Electric motor for starting the compressor & it is mounted on
some shaft as that of turbine.
Fuels Used
✗ Products of combustion should have minimum matter which can
be disposed easily.
✗ Coal of Peat can be used but they have ash handing problems.
✗ Kerosene, Diesel Oil, Residual Oil can be used but they have
higher costs.
✗ Natural Gas (Methane) is generally used which has high calorific
value.
Selection of Site
✗ Distance from load center
✗ Availability of land
✗ Availability of fuel
✗ Availability of transportation facilities.
✗ Distance from populated areas
✗ Type of land
Merits
✗ Simplicity of design & installation
✗ High reliability
✗ Simple liberation system
✗ Clean exhaust requiring no stack.
✗ Compactness
✗ Low initial cost
✗ No stand by losses.
Demerits
✗ Low net output
✗ Low 𝜂
✗ Noisy operation
Solar Plants
Overview
✗ Sun radiates energy of about 3.5 × 1023 kW
into space and 2 × 1014 kW energy reaches
earth.
✗ Even if 90% of energy is lost in refection,
refraction & absorption in outer layers of
atmosphere then energy that can be
harnessed is 2 × 1013 kW. This is equivalent
to burning 17 million tons of coal.
Schematic and Working
✗ Large parabolic collectors are employed as solar collector.
✗ Solar energy collected is used to heat a fluid. This heat is transferred to feed water
which is converted to steam.
✗ The steam is used to run a turbine which is coupled to a generator which
generates electric power
Solar Collector
✗ A solar collector absorbs the incident solar
radiation & converts it into useful heat
energy which is used to heat fluid such as
water, oil or air.
✗ Surface of solar collector is designed for
high absorption & low emission.
Flat plate collectors
✗ Used where temperature below 100°C are
required.
✗ They can be liquid heating type which are
used for heating water.
✗ The structure is placed at proper inclination
to absorb solar radiations.
✗ It is mainly used for water heating, space
heating & space cooling.
✗ The collection efficiency varies from 40-
60%.
Focusing or Concentrating
Collectors
✗ To achieve temperatures higher than
achievable by flat plate collectors , focusing
collector are used
✗ It can give temperature in range of 100-200° C
✗ It can be used for steam engines & turbines.
✗ These collectors have to be rotated with
motion of sun.
✗ High operating temperatures such as 1000° C
can be achieved with point focus collectors
Drawbacks
✗ Energy density per unit area is very low
✗ Available only for parts of a day
✗ Cloudy & hazy atmospheric conditions
largely reduce the energy received.
✗ A means to store energy is required.
Wind Power
Generators
Overview
✗ Winds are caused by solar heating of
atmosphere They carry enormous energy.
✗ This source of power is non-steady &
unreliable. There are wide variations in
speed & direction of winds.
Wind turbine
✗ Blowing wind spins the blades on a wind
turbine when blows a pocket of low pressure
is formed on down side of blade & pull the
blade towards it, causing rotor to turn.
✗ The shaft goes through a gear transmission
box where the rotating speed is increased.
✗ The rotating shaft turns a generator which
produces electrical energy.