FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID

MECHANICS

INTRODUCTION
LEC-1
ESLAM REDA 2

• PhD
– Mechanical Engineering
– The National University of Malaysia
(UKM)
– 2018
– Fluid Mechanics (Turbulent Flow in the
Atmosphere)
• MSc & BSc
– Alexandria University
– (2012 & 2007)
FLUIDS EVERYWHERE 3
INTRODUCTION 4

• What is a fluid?
• What is “Fluid Mechanics” as a science?
• Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics… course
• Grading
• Contact info and office hours
• First topic… dimensions and units
WHAT IS A FLUID? 5

• A matter can exist in one of three phases: solid, liquid or gas

• Solid vs fluid

SOLID LIQUID

Finite Shear stress Finite Shear stress 

 Finite INfinite deformation…
deformation FLOW
WHAT IS A FLUID? 6
LIQUID VS GAS 7
Free
surface
• Unlike a liquid, a gas does not
have a free surface
FLUID MECHANICS 8

• Studies the behavior of fluids (PRESSURE and VELOCITY )…

• at rest (FLUID STATICS) or in motion (FLUID DYNAMICS)…
• and the MECHANICAL interaction between fluids and solid surfaces

Calculate Design fluid

Determine equipment (pump, wind
F between turbine) or civil
P & V fluids and structure (skyscraper,
solid surfaces bridge)
FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID 9

MECHANICS
• Fluid properties
• Basics of Fluid statics
– Pressure measurement
– Forces on submerged surfaces
• Basics of Fluid dynamics
– Flow measurement
REFERENCES 10

Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications

Yunus A. Cengel, John M. Cimbala

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics

Munson, Bruce R., et al.
GRADING Midterm (20)
11

Lab report (5)

Report oral exam (5)
Project report (5)
Bonus (up to 5)
Total Marks (100)
Presentation (10)
Quizzes (5)

Course oral exam (10)

Final exam (40)

PROJECTS 12

• Groups (max 5 students)

• ONE report per lecture (12 total)
• ONE presentation per semester
• Must perform before the demonstrator first
• Topics will be announced today
• Group lists MUST be ready in ONE week
CONTACT INFO 13

• eslam.reda@alexu.edu.eg
• Phone number…
• Office hours:
– Monday 10:00 am – 12:00 pm
– Wednesday 10:00 am – 12:00 pm
DIMENSIONS AND UNITS 14

• Any physical quantity can be characterized by a dimension

• The magnitudes assigned to the dimensions are called units
DIMENSIONS AND UNITS 15

Primary (Fundamental)
dimensions

Mass – M Length – L Time – T Temperature Electric

(kg) (m) (s) – θ (K) current – I (A)

Derived
dimensions
Accelera
Velocity Force Work Power Pressure Viscosity
tion
MASS – M (KG) 16

1.5 L
=
1.5 kg

1 2.2
kg lbm
VOLUME 17

1 1000
3
Liter
m s

1 3.8
gallo Liter
n s
LENGTH – L (M) 18

1 cm 1 m

10 cm
10 cm
1 m

1 3.3 1 12
m ft ft inch
1 2.5
in cm
VELOCITY & ACCELERATION 19
FORCE 20

9.8 32.2
1 1
kg m / lbm ft /
kgf lbf
s2 (N) s2
PRESSURE 21

100, 1
1 0.98
000 kgf /
bar bar
Pa cm2

14.5
1 lbf / 100 psi 7 bar
bar in2
(psi)
PRESSURE 22

F = p A
= 10 kgf/cm2 × 100 cm2
= 1000 kgf !!!
LOAD

~12 cm piston

1
kgf / ~ 1 bar
cm2 10 bar
POWER 23

1 ~ 750
Hp Watt

1 Hp 100 Hp
EXAMPLE – 1 24

It is required to select a suitable pipe size for

domestic plumbing. Knowing that the standard
tape flow rate (Q) is 2.5 gpm and the most
appropriate water velocity (V) in any pipe is 2
m/s (with slower velocities preferred to higher
ones), select the nearest standard pipe size for
the plumbing system among the following sizes:
¼”, ½”, ¾”, 1” and 1 ¼”.
SOLUTION 25

We decide to
use a ½” pipe
EXAMPLE – 2 26

To pump water in the previous plumbing system,

three options are available:
(a) 1 Hp motor pump (pmax = 6 bar),
(b)1.5 HP motor pump (pmax = 9 bar), and
(c)2 HP motor pump (pmax = 12 bar)
Knowing that water is to be supplied to the 8th
floor in the building, select the most appropriate
motor for this job.
Note: the pressure required to pump the flow in
the pipe is given by:
SOLUTION 27

We decide to use a 1.5 HP

motor pump
SUMMARY 28

• What is a fluid?
• What is “Fluid Mechanics” as a science?
• Fundamental of Fluid Mechanics
• First topic… dimensions and units