VIDYODAYA SCHOOL

CLASS IX BIOLOGY NOTES

FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE

CYTOPLASM : It is the fluid content inside the plasma membrane.

It contains specialized cell organelles that performs a specific function for

the cell.

CELL ORGANELLES : These are membrane bound structures present in the

cytoplasm and carry out some crucial functions in the cell.

Cell organelle Structure Function

1) Endoplasmic reticulum:
a)Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
b)Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
2) Golgi apparatus
3) Lysosomes
Large network of membrane
bound tubes and sheets.
Looks rough as it has ribosomes
attached to it.
Ribosomes are not attached
Consists of a system of
membrane bound vesicles
arranged parallelly in stacks
called cisterns.
Membrane bound sacs filled
with digestive enzymes.
-Serves as a channel for
transport of materials
Within the cytoplasm or the
cytoplasm and the nucleus.
-Provides a surface for some of
the biochemical activities of the
cell.
- Help in the transport of
proteins that are synthesized by
ribosomes.
- Help in the manufacture of fat
molecules or lipids that help in
membrane biogenesis.
-Detoxifies many drugs and
poisons in the liver cells of
vertebrates.
-Involved in storage,
modification and packing of
products in vesicles.
- converts simple sugars to
complex sugars.
- Involved in the formation of
lysosomes
- Keep the cell clean by
digesting foreign material as
well as worn out cell organelles.

4) Mitochondria They are known as
powerhouses of the cell.
Have two membrane coverings,
the outer layer is porous and
the inner layer is deeply folded
to increase the surface area for
synthesis of ATP.
-Digest their own cell when the
cell gets damaged and hence
called ‘suicide bags’ of the cell.
Synthesizes ATP( Adenosine
triphosphate) which is the
energy currency of the cell.