Plants do not live

in houses
THEN, how are
they protected?
 Protective Tissue

They are of two types:

01  Epidermis

02  Cork
 Epidermis

It is the outermost layer of all organs of plant body which

is formed from parenchymal cells.

It is mostly single layer but in desert plant it is

multilayered for protection against water loss.

Cuticle
Epidermis
Function

1 It gives mechanical support and strength to plants parts.

2 It protects the internal tissues from injuries and

invasion by pathogens.

3 It reduces the rate of transpiration by developing cuticle.

4 Exchange of gases and transpiration take place through

stomata.

5 It bears unicellular or multicellular appendages in the

form of root hairs, stem hairs, glands etc.
 Cuticle
The outer wall of epidermis of aerial parts of plant
secretes and deposits a waxy substance, called cutin which
form a water proof layer called cuticle.

Cuticle
Epidermis

Function

It checks the loss of water by transpiration, mechanical

injuries and invasion by parasitic fungi.
Stomata

Epidermis of leaves has large number of microscopic

aperture called stomata.

Each stomata is an elliptical aperture bounded by two

kidney shaped guard cells which regulate opening and
closing of stomata.
Epidermal cell

Guard cell
Stoma
Function

Transpiration takes place through stomata.

Stomata helps in exchange of gases.

Guard cells
Root Hairs
Epidermis of roots (epiblema) have root hairs which
greatly increase their surface area for absorption of water
and minerals.
Cork

Cork is the peripheral tissue of old stems and roots of

woody trees and is formed due to activity of cork
cambium or phellogen.

It is made up of dead cells with thick wall but no

intercellular spaces.
Function

1 Cork checks the entry of harmful microorganisms into

plant parts.

2 Multilayered, impervious cork prevent loss of water by

evaporation.

3 Cork provides protection against mechanical injury,

extreme temperature and fire.
COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE OF CORK

Commercial cork is obtained from the stem surface of cork

oak (Quercus suber).

Cork is light and highly compressible which does not catch

fire easily.
Cork is used in the making of a variety of sport goods
Spot Light

The walls of cork cells are heavily thickened by the

deposition of an organic substance, called suberin.

Suberin makes these cells impermeable to water and

gases and it also helps in conservation of water in the
trees.
 Tissue System

The tissue systems are continuous throughout the plant.

Tissue systems, tissues, and cell types of flowering plants-

01  Dermal tissue system

02  Ground tissue system

03  Vascular tissue system

Plant Tissue Systems Dermal Tissue
Upper Epidermis
Ground Tissue
Vascular Xylem
Mesophyll
Tissue Phloem Dermal Tissue
Leaf
Lower Epidermis
Dermal Tissue
Epidermis
Ground Tissue
Pith
Stem Vascular Tissue
Xylem
Phloem
Sclerenchyma Dermal Tissue
Epidermis
Ground Tissue
Cortex
Vascular Tissue
Root Xylem
Phloem
01  Dermal tissue system

Epidermis Periderm

Epidermal Cells Cork cells

Guard Cells Cork Cambium Cells

Trichome Cork Parenchyma Cells

02  Ground tissue system

Parenchyma Tissue

Collenchyma Tissue

Sclerenchyma Tissue
03  Vascular tissue system

Xylem

Phloem