Xylem or wood

(a) Tracheids

(b) Tracheae or vessels Dead elements

(c) Xylem fibres

(d) Xylem parenchyma Living element

(a) Tracheids

Tracheids are elongated cells with tapering ends.

Tracheids are the chief water conducting elements in non

flowering plants. i.e. gymnosperms.
(b) Tracheae or vessels

A vessel is composite structure made up of

number of vessel elements.

They form a channel which allows continuous

rise of water.

Very long tube like structures formed by a row

of cells placed end to end.

Vessels are present in flowering plants i.e.

angiosperms only.
(c) Xylem fibres

These are dead and lignified sclerenchymatous cells which

are mainly supportive in function.
(d) Xylem parenchyma

It is formed of living parenchymatous cells which helps in

storage of food and radial conduction of water and
minerals.
The central portions of root and stem are occupied by pith.
It is usually made up of parenchymatous cells with
intercellular spaces.

Epidermis
Cortex
Endodermis
Pericycle

Phloem
Cambium
Xylem
Pith
Function of Xylem

It conducts water and minerals from roots to leaves.

Phloem or bast

01 Sieve tubes

02 Companion cells living elements

03 Phloem parenchyma

04 Dead element
Phloem fibres
01 Sieve tubes

Sieve tubes are slender, tube like structures composed of

elongated thin-walled cells, placed end to end.

Sieve plate
Their end walls are perforated
by numerous pores and are Sieve Tube
called sieve plates.

Phloem
parenchyma

Companion
cell
Sieve elements take part in the transport of organic food.

It is usually found in pteridophytes & gymnosperms.

Sieve plate

Sieve Tube

Phloem
parenchyma

Companion
cell
02 Companion cells

These are associated with sieve tubes.

Cells have dense cytoplasm Sieve plate

and prominent nucleus.
Sieve Tube

The companion cells help

the sieve tubes in the Phloem
conduction of food material. parenchyma

Companion
cell
They are closely associated with sieve tube by
plasmodesmata so with the death of one, the other cell
dies.

Nuclei of companion cells control the metabolic activities of

sieve tube.
Sieve plate

Sieve Tube

Phloem
parenchyma

Companion
cell
03 Phloem parenchyma

These are living and thin walled cells which helps in

sideways conduction of food.

Sieve plate
It stores various materials
like resin, latex and Sieve Tube
mucilage.

Phloem
parenchyma

Companion
cell
04
Phloem fibres

Phloem fibres are dead sclerenchymatous cells.

Phloem or bast fibres of some plants are source of

commercial fibres.

It is used for making ropes, twines, threads and course

textiles.
Function of Phloem

Phloem transport photosynthetically prepared food

materials in both direction from the leaves to the storage
organs and later when required from storage organs to
the growing regions of the plant body.
Spot Light

Vascular bundles consist of xylem and phloem and both

are known as conducting tissue.

They transport water, mineral and food materials

respectively from one part to another part of the plant
body.
 Difference between xylem and phloem
Xylem Phloem
It is composed of It is composed of sieve
vessels, tracheids, xylem tubes, companion cells,
parenchyma and xylem phloem parenchyma and
fibres. phloem fibres.

It conducts water and It translocates food from

minerals from roots to leaves to different parts of
leaves. the plant.

Xylem parenchyma are the Sieve tubes, companion cell

only living cell in xylem. and phloem parenchyma
are the living cells in
phloem.
𝐐𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Although sieve tube elements do not have nuclei, but they still
remain living. Explain.

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫
 Difference between meristematic and permanent tissue

Meristematic Tissue Permanent Tissue

The cells of meristematic The cells do not normally
tissue undergo regular divide
divisions
They do not have intercellular Inter cellular spaces are often
space present
Metabolic rate is high Metabolic rate is
comparatively slower
The cells are living Cells may be living or dead
Meristem takes part in growth Permanent tissue takes part
in protection, photosynthesis,
etc