Chapter 6: Population Growth and Economic Development: Causes, Con-

sequencers and Conroversies

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_4bxmsx

1. Doubling time Period that

a given population or other
quantity takes to increase by
its present size.

2. Natural increase The difference

between the birth rate
and the death rate of a given
population

3. Crude birth rate The number

of children born alive
each year per 1,000 population
(often shortened to birth
rate).

4. Rate of popula- The growth rate of a population,

tion increase calculated as the natural
increase after adjusting for
immigration and emigration.

5. Net international The excess of persons migrating

migration into a country over those
who emigrate from that
country.

6. Death rate The number of

deaths each year per 1,000
population.

7. Total fertility rate The

(TFR) number of children that
would be born to a woman if
she were to live to the end of
her childbearing years and
bear children in accordance
with the prevailing agespecific
fertility rates.

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 Chapter 6: Population Growth and Economic Development: Causes, Con-
sequencers and Conroversies
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8. Population pyra- A
mid graphic depiction of the age
structure of the population,
with age cohorts plotted on
the vertical axis and either
population shares or numbers
of males and females in each
cohort on the horizontal axis.

9. Microeconomic The theory that family

theory of fertility formation has costs and benefits
that determine the size of
families formed.

10. Life expectancy The

at birth number of years a newborn
child would live if subject to
the mortality risks prevailing
for the population at the time
of the child's birth.

11. Demographic The phasing-out process of

transition population growth rates from
a virtually stagnant growth
stage characterized by high
birth rates and death rates
through a rapid-growth stage
with high birth rates and low
death rates to a stable, lowgrowth
stage in which both
birth and death rates are low.

12. Family-planning Public programs designed to

programs help parents plan and regulate
their family size.

13. Population-pover- A theory to explain how

ty cycle poverty and high population
growth become reinforcing.

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 Chapter 6: Population Growth and Economic Development: Causes, Con-
sequencers and Conroversies
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14. Under-5 mortality Deaths among children
rate between birth and 5 years of
age per 1,000 live births.

15. Youth dependen- The proportion of young people

cy ratio under age 15 to the working
population aged 16 to 64
in a country.

16. Hidden momen- The phenomenon

tum of popula- whereby population
tion continues to increase even after
growth a fall in birth rates because
the large existing youthful
population expands the
population's base of potential
parents.

17. Malthusian popu- The threshold population

lation trap level anticipated by Thomas
Malthus (1766-1834) at which
population increase was
bound to stop because lifesustaining
resources, which
increase at an arithmetic rate,
would be insufficient to support
human population, which
increases at a geometric rate.

18. Reproductive The

choice The concept that women should
be able to determine on an
equal status with their husbands
and for themselves
how many children they want
and what methods to use to
achieve their desired family
size.

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