Questions and Solutions

1) Let , if f(x) is continuous for all x, then k?

(A) 3

(B) 5

(C) 7

(D) 9

Sol: Option (C)

Explanation:

Given f(x) is continuous

lim f (x) = f (a)
x→a

k = f(2)
3 2 −16x+20
⇒ lim x +x(x−2) 2 =k
x→2

Applying L- Hospital rule

2 +2x−16
⇒ lim 3x2(x−2) [ 00 f orm]
x→2
⇒ lim 6x+2
2 =k
x→2
14
⇒ 2 = k

k=7

2) Let , if f(x) is continuous at x=0, then find a, b, c?

(A) a + c = 0, b = 1

(B) a + c = 1, b ∈ R

(C) a + c = -1, b ∈ R

(D) a + c = -1, b = -1

Sol: Option (C)

Explanation:

Given f(x) is continuous

lim f (x) = f (a)
x→a

L.H:
sin(a+1)x+sinx 0
lim x 0 f orm
x→0

Applying L-Hospital rule

⇒ lim(a + 1)cos(a + 1)x + cosx
x→0
⇒a+2

R.H:
√x+bx2 −√x
lim bx3/2
x→0
x(√1+bx−1)
⇒ lim √ bx√x
x→0
⇒ lim √1+bx
bx
−1
x→0
⇒ lim √1+bx
bx
−1
× √1+bx+1
√1+bx+1
x→0
⇒ lim √1+bx
bx
−1
× √1+bx+1
√1+bx+1
x→0
⇒ lim bx(1+bx−1
√1+bx+1)
x→0
1
⇒ lim √1+bx+1
x→0
1
= 2

Since f(x) is continuous

L.H = R.H = f(x)
a + 2 = 21 = c
a + c =− 1
3) If the function f (x) = [ (x−2)3
a ] sin(x − 2) + a cos(x − 2) , [·] denotes greatest integer function, is
continuous & differentiable in (4,6) then finds ‘a’ range?

(A) a ∈ (-∞,∞)

(B) a ∈ [64, ∞)

(C) a ∈ [128, ∞)

(D) Not defined

Sol: Option (B)

Explanation:

Since [ (x−2)3
a ] is not continuous and differentiable at integral point (because [ ] functions are not
continuous)

Given function f(x) is continuous and differentiable in (4,6) if

⇒ a ≥ 64 [since if we have a value less than 64, we will get 1 as step function, but we need step
function to be ‘0’]

4) If the derivative of the function is continuous everywhere,

then a, b values?

(A) a = 2, b = 3

(B) a = -2, b = -3

(C) a = -2, b = 3

(D) a = 2, b = -3

Sol: Option (A)

Explanation :
Given derivative of f(x) is continuous everywhere that means f(x) is continuous at ‘-1’
⇒ lim f (x) = lim + f (x)
x→−1− x→−1
2
⇒ a + b = b(− 1) + a(− 1) + 4
2
⇒ a + b = b(− 1) + a(− 1) + 4
⇒a+b=b−a+4
⇒

a=2

Given derivative of f(x) continuous

⇒ lim f ′(x) = lim + f ′(x)

x→−1− x→−1
⇒ 2a (-1) = 2b(-1) + a
⇒ -2a = -2b + a
⇒ 3a = 2b
b=3
∴ a = 2, b = 3

5) If the function is continuous at x = 0, then a, b?

Given f(x) is continuous at 0.

lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = f (0)

x→0− x→0

--------(1)

LHL:
lim− f (x) = lim f (0 − h)
x→0 h→0

a/|sin(−h)|
= lim (1 + (sin(− h)))
h→0
 a/sinh
= lim (1 + sinh)
h→0

lim(1+sinh−1)a/sinh
= eh→0 [lim f (x)
x→a
g(x)
= lim(f (x) − 1)g(x)
x→a
]
lim sinh · a/sinh
= eh→0

= ea

RHL:
lim+ f (x) = lim f (h)
x→0 h→0

tan2h
= lim e tan3h
h→0

lim 2· tan2h 3h
2 · tan3h
= eh→0 3

= e3
2
[ lim tanh
h→0 h =1 ]
From eq(1):
2
b = e 3 = ea

2
∴ a = 32 , b = e 3

1−cos(1−cos x)
6) The value of f(0), so that the function f (x) = x4 is continuous everywhere is _____?

Sol: Option (C)

Explanation:

Given f(x) is continuous everywhere

At x = 0
f (0) = RHL = lim+ f (x)
x→0
= lim f (h)
h→0
1−cos(1−cosh)
= lim h4
h→0
1−cos(1−cosh) 1+cos(1−cosh)
= lim h4
× 1+cos(1−cosh)
h→0
sin2 (1−cosh) (1−cosh)2 1
= lim (1+cos(1−cosh)) × 2 · h4
h→0 (1−cosh)
 2
= lim
h→0
[ sin(1−cosh)
(1−cosh) ] × lim ( 1−cosh
h→0
2
h ) × lim 1+cos(1−cosh)
1
h→0
2 1 1
= (1) × × 4 2
1
= 8

tan2 3x π
7) The function f (x) = (sin3x) is not defined at x = 6 . The value of f ( π6 ) , so that the f is
π
continuous at x = 6 , is?

(A) e
(B) e−1/2
(C) e1/2
(D) e2

Sol: Option (B)

Explanation:
π
For f(x) to be continuous at x = 6
f ( π6 ) = lim f (x)
x→π/6
tan2 3x
f( π
6 ) = x→π/6
lim (sin3x)
tan2 3x
= lim
x→π/6
{ }
(sin2 3x)
1/2

tan2 3x
lim {(1 − cos 3x) } 2 1/2
=
x→π/6
sin2 3x

{(1 − cos 3x) } 2 1/2 cos2 3x

= lim
x→π/6
sin2 3x
lim {(1 − cos 3x) } 2 1/cos2 3x
=
x→π/6
sin2 3x/2
{(1−cos2 3x−1)× cos123x}
=e
lim
x→π/6
[lim f (x)
x→a
g(x) lim(f (x)−1)g(x)
= ex→a ]
sin2 3x/2
{(−cos2 3x)× cos123x}
lim
= e x→π/6 [sin (3 ·
2 π
6 ) = sin2 π2 =1 ]
= e−1/2

8) The function is differentiable everywhere then find a, b?

Given f(x) is differentiable, which means f(x) is continuous.

∴ f (3) = lim− f (x)
x→3
b(9) − 3 = lim f (3 − h)
h→3
2
= lim a(3 − h) − b(3 − h) + 2
h→3
= lim a(9 + h2 − 6h) − 3b + bh + 2
h→3
9b − 3 = 9a − 3b + 2
⇒ 9a − 12b =− 5 -------(1)

Given f(x) is differentiable,

f ′(3) = lim− f ′(x)

x→3
= lim f ′(3 − h)
h→0
= lim 2a(3 − h) − b
h→0
= 6a − b

f ′(3) = 6b
⇒ 6a − b = 6b
⇒ 6a = 7b ---------(2)

By solving (1) & (2), we get

a = 35
9, b= 3
10

9) Given , if f is continuous at x = 0, then the value of a2 must be ____

(A) 1

(B) -1

(C) 0

(D) 2

Sol: Option (A)

Explanation:

Since f is continuous at x = 0, then

f(0) = RHL
1
2 = lim+ f (x) = lim f (0 + h)
x→0 h→0
1
⇒ 2 = lim 1−cosah
h sinh
h→0
1−cosah a2
⇒ lim h2 ( sinh ) = 2
h→0 h
2
⇒ 21 = a2

a2 = 1

10. Let

if f(x) is continuous in (0, π2 ) then λ is?

3
(A) 2

3
(B) − 2

1
(C) − 2

1
(D) 2

Sol: Option (C)

Explanation:
1−tanx
f (x) = 4x−π
Since f(x) is continuous in (0, π2 )

RHL = lim+ f (x)

x→π /4
= lim f ( π4 + h)
h→0
1−tan( π4+h)
= lim π
h→0 4( 4+h)−π
[T an(A + B ) = 1−T anAT anB ]
T anA+T anB

1−( 1+tanh
1−tanh)
= lim 4h
h→0
−2tanh
= lim (1−tanh)4h
h→0
 −2( tanh )
= lim (1−tanh)4
h

h→0

= −1
2 [ lim tanh
h→0 ]
h =1

RHL = λ
−1
λ= 2

11) Which one of the following is continuous at x = 3?

(a)

(b)

(c)

1
(d) f (x) = x3 −27 , if x =/ 3

Sol: Option (A)

Explanation:

Given function is continuous at x = 3, which means

LHS = RHL = f(x)

lim f (x) = f (3)

x→3

A​:

f (3) = 2
LHL: RHL:
lim− f (3 − h) lim+ f (3 + h)
x→3 x→3
⇒ lim 3−h+3
3 = 6
3 =2 ⇒ lim 3 + h − 1 = 2
h→0 h→0
∴ LHL = RHL = f(3)
f(x) is continuous.

B​:

LHL:
lim− f (3 − h) = 8 − (3 − h)
x→3
=5+h
=5
LHL =/ f (3)
∴ f(x) is not continuous.

C​:

RHL:
lim+ f (3 + h) = (3 + h) − 4
x→3
=h−1
=− 1
RHL =/ f (3)
∴ f(x) is not continuous.

D​:
1
Given f (x) = x3 −27 is not defined when x=3, so f(x) is not continuous.

Maxima & Minima

12) What is the maximum value of the function f (x) = x2 − 2x + 6 in the interval [0,3]?

(A) -9

(B) 9
(C) 7

(D) -7

Sol: Option (B)

Explanation:

Given f (x) = x2 − 2x + 6
In order to find max (or) min value, we need to find f(x) = 0
f'(x) = 2x – 2
⇒ 2x = 2
x=1

f''(x) = 2
∴ f''(x) > 0

f(x) has minimum at ‘x = 1’

f(0) = 6 f(3) = 9 – 6 + 6 f(1) = 1 – 2 + 6

=9 =5

Maximum value of f(x) in a given interval [0, 3] is 9.

13) A point on a curve is said to be an extremum if it is a local minimum (or) a local

maximum. The number of distinct extrema for the curve 3x4 − 16x3 + 24x2 + 37 is _____?

(A) 0

(B) 1

(C) 2

(D) 3

Sol: Option (B)

Explanation:

Given f (x) = 3x4 − 16x3 + 24x2 + 37

f ′(x) = 12x3 − 48x2 + 48x
f ′′(x) = 36x2 − 96x + 48
In order to find stationary points we need to equal f ′(x) = 0
⇒ x (12x2 − 48x + 48) = 0

x = 0, x2 − 4x + 4 = 0
2
(x − 2) = 0
x = 0, 2

At x=0​:
f ′′(0) > 0
∴ f(x) has minimum value at x = 0
f(0) = 0 + 0 + 0 + 37 = 37

At x=2​:
f ′′(2) = 0 and f ′′′(2) =/ 0
∴ f(x) has no extremum at x = 2

Number of distinct extrema for the curve is ​‘1’​.

14) Find the points of local maxima and minima, of the function f (x) = x3 − 6x2 + 9x + 15 in
[0, 5].

(A) (1, 3)

(B) (1, -3)

(C) (-1, 3)

(D) (-1, -3)

Sol: Option (A)

Explanation:

Let f (x) = x3 − 6x2 + 9x + 15

f ′(x) = 3x2 − 12x + 9
f ′′(x) = 6x − 12

Equating f'(x) to 0, we get stationary points

f ′(x) = 0
⇒ 3x2 − 12x + 9 = 0
⇒ x2 − 4x + 3 = 0
(x − 1)(x − 3) = 0
x = 1, 3

At x = 1​:
f ′′(x) < 0
f ′′(1) < 0
−6<0
∴ f(x) has maximum at x = 1
f(1) = 1 – 6 + 9 + 15 = 19
At x = 3​:
f ′′(x) > 0
18 − 12 > 0
6>0
∴ f(x) has minimum at x = 3
f(3) = 27 – 54 + 27 + 15 = 15

15) What is the local minimum value of f (x) = x3 (x + 4) ?

(A) -189

(B) -27

(C) 27

(D) 189

Sol: Option (B)

Explanation:

f (x) = x3 (x + 4) = x4 + 4x3
f ′(x) = 4x3 + 12x2
f ′′(x) = 12x2 + 24x
For finding maximum (or) minimum put f ′(x) = 0
⇒ 4x3 + 12x2 = 0
⇒ 4x2 (x + 3) = 0
x = 0 or − 3

f ′′(0) = 0
2
f ′′(− 3) = 12(− 3) + 24 × (− 3) = 108 − 72 = 36 > 0
∴ f(x) has local minimum at x = 3
2
f (− 3) = (− 3) (− 3 + 4) =− 27
16) Find the local maximum and local minimum if any, for the function f(x) = sin x + cos x,
0 < x < π2

(A) ( π4 ,− √2)
(B) ( π2 , √2)
(C) (√2, π2 )

(D) ( π4 , √2)
Sol: Option (D)

Explanation:

We have f(x) = sin x + cos x

f '(x) = cos x – sin x

For finding local minima/ maxima, f'(x) = 0

⇒ cos x – sin x = 0
⇒ cos x = sin x
⇒ tan x = 1 (or) x = π4 in (0, π2 )

π
At x = 4
f ′′(x) =− sinx − cosx
f ′′ ( π4 ) =− 1
√2
− 1
√2
= 1 − √2

f ′′(x) > 0

π
∴ f(x) has local maxima at x = 4
f ( π4 ) = 1
√2
+ 1
√2
= 2
√2
= √2

∴ Point of local maxima is ( π4 , √2)

17) What is the maximum (or) minimum point for curve f (x) = 4x − x4 ?

(A) A minimum at (-1, -3)

(B) A maximum at (-1, -3)

(C) A minimum at (1, 3)

(D) A maximum at (1, 3)

Sol: Option (D)

Explanation:

Given f (x) = 4x − x4
⇒ f ′(x) = 4 − 4x3
⇒ f ′′(x) =− 12x2

To find maximum (or) minimum, f ′(x) = 0

⇒ 4 − 4x3 = 0
⇒ 4 = 4x3

x=1

At x = 1:
f(x) = 4 – 1 = 3
∴ Maximum (or) minimum at (1, 3)

To decide whether it is max (or) min, consider the sign of f''(x) at x = 1

⇒ f''(x) = -12 < 0

∴ We have maximum value at (1, 3).

π
18) Find the local maxima and minima for function f (x) = cos4x; 0 < x < 2

(A) -1

(B) 1

(C) -2

(D) 2

Sol: Option (A)

Explanation:

f (x) = cos4x
f ′(x) =− 4sin4x
f ′′(x) =− 16cos4x
To find stationary points, f'(x) = 0
⇒ -4 sin 4x = 0
sin 4x = 0
4x = 0, π , 2π [ since sin becomes zero when x =± nπ ]
4x = π
π
x= 4 [given x ∈ (0, π2 )]

π
At x = 4 :
f ′′( π4 ) =− 16cos4 · π
4 =− 16cosπ
=− 16(− 1) = 16 < 0
π
∴ f(x) has maximum at x = 4
Minimum value f ( π4 ) = cosπ =− 1

x
19) Find the local maximum and local minimum for function f (x) = 1+x2

(A) Minimum value at x = 1

(B) Minimum value at x= -1

(C) Maximum value at x = 1

(D) Maximum value at x = -1

Sol: Option (B)

Explanation:
x
f (x) = 1+x2
(1+x2 )·1−2x(x)
f ′(x) =
(1+x2 )
2 [ dxd ( uv ) = v·du−u·dv
v2 ]
1+x2 −2x2
= 2
(1+x2 )
1−x 2
= 2
(1+x2 )
For finding points of local maximum (or) minimum equate f ′(x) = 0
1−x2
⇒ 2 = 0
(1+x2 )
1 − x2 = 0
(1 + x)(1 − x) = 0
x = 1,− 1
2
(1+x2 ) (−2x)−(1−x2 )(2(1+x2 )2x)
f ′′(x) =
(1+x2 )
4 [ dxd ( uv ) = v·du−u·dv
v2 ]

At x=1​:
(1+1)(−2)−(1−1)(2(1+1)2)
f ′′(x) = 4
(1+1)
 −1−0 −1
= 16 = 4 <0
∴ At x = 1, f(x) has maximum value.

At x = -1​:
(1+1)(2)−(1−1)(2(1+1)(−2))
f ′′(x) = 4
(1+1)
4 1
= 16 = 4 >0

∴ At x = -1, f(x) has minimum value.

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