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Gr.8 Food Chain and Food Web
Gr.8 Food Chain and Food Web
CHAINS
TROPHIC
LEVELS
ECOLOGICA
PYRAMIDS
L
FOOD CHAINS
which
Food Chain: is a sequence of feeding relationships describing ______
organism eats another
___________________.
Sun is the source
The ____ of energy for
______________
food chains.
eagle
Keep in mind that the
arrow tip always points
snake towards the “eater”.
eater
frog
grass-
hopper
grass food
Label and write descriptions on your food
FOOD CHAINS chain diagram.
There are different levels
of consumers…..
eagle
cannot make
Since they _______
their own food, they must snake
consume other
eat or “________”
organisms.
frog
basis of all
They form the _____
terrestrial grass-
________ food chains.
hopper
They use the energy in
sunlight
_______ to make their grass
own food through a process
called photosynthesis
_____________.
3
FOOD CHAINS Top carnivore: any organism that is
There are different levels not hunted by any other. It’s at the top
__________ ___
of consumers….. of its food chain.
5
FOOD CHAINS All organisms eventually die and decompose.
Decomposers: are
frog
detritus organisms that eat
___
detritus and break
_______
grass- it down into
hopper nutrients
________.
decomposers
grass
Nutrients:are substances
needed for an organism’s
The cycle restarts. nutrients ______
growth and _____.
repair 6
Let’s THINK
7
FOOD CHAINS aquatic ecosystems.
Food chains can occur in _______
top carnivore
killer whale
Marine food chains
start with microscopic
shark
aquatic organisms called
phytoplankton that can
_____________
larger fish photosynthesis
perform _____________
to make their own food.
small fish
zooplankton
phytoplankton
FOOD CHAINS aquatic ecosystems.
Food chains can occur in _______
crab
primary
consumer
chemo-
autotrophic
bacteria
producer
Hydrothermal Vent Organisms
Let’s THINK
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HUMANS AND FOOD CHAINS
Since humans are not hunted for food by any other animal,
and since humans eat almost anything, (well maybe not this)
this makes us
top carnivores
____________.
Where are
humans on any ?
food chain?
Count how
many of these
animals you’ve
eaten in your
life.
13
HUMANS AND FOOD CHAINS
Have you ever eaten one of these? What food chains did you
What is it made of? participate in when you ate this?
cheese onion
lettuce
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HUMANS AND FOOD CHAINS
No ecosystem is only
made up of only one
food chain.
eagle shark
On land, the first
trophic level begins
snake plants
with ______. larger fish
grass phytoplankton
17
TROPHIC LEVELS
Trophic It is the position
_______ an organism occupies in a food chain.
Level: Each link
___ in the chain represents one trophic level.
grass-
2nd trophic level zooplankton
hopper
1) Pyramid of Energy:
This pyramid indicates
the amount of energy
______
that is present in each
trophic level.
The amount of energy
decreases as you
always _________
move up trophic levels.
21
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS
Ecological Pyramids: These are diagrams that represent each
trophic level according to its energy
______ , biomass
_______ or population
_________.
2) Pyramid of Biomass:
This pyramid indicates the
amount of biomass
_______ that is
present in each trophic
level, in a given area.
Biomass is the amount of
dry matter (without
_________
water) within organisms.
On land, the amount of
decreases as
biomass _________
you move up trophic
levels. 23
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS
Ecological Pyramids: These are diagrams that represent each
trophic level according to its energy
______ , biomass
_______ or population
_________.
2) Pyramid of Biomass:
Total biomass present in
In the water, the amount tertiary consumers.
of biomass increases
________ as
you move up trophic Total biomass present in
levels, creating an secondary consumers.
inverted
_______ pyramid.
This is only possible Total biomass present
in primary consumers.
because the reproductive
rate of the organisms
increases as you go down
________ Total biomass
present in
trophic levels. phytoplankton.
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ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS
Ecological Pyramids: These are diagrams that represent each
trophic level according to its energy
______ , biomass
_______ or population
_________.
2) Pyramid of Biomass:
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