In order to be understood by a computer, data and programs need to

be represented appropriately:
• Coding system: Used to represent data and programs in a manner
understood by the computer
 Data and Program • Digital computers: Can only understand two states off and on(0 and
representation in 1)

Computer • Digital data representations: The process of representing data in

digital form so it can be understood by a computer. For example:
• Bit: The smallest unit of data that a computer can
recognize(0 or 1)
• Byte= 8 bits, used to express the size of the documents,
files and programs etc.

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 • Representing Numerical data:
• Numbering system: A way of representing numbers.
• Decimal number system(Uses 10 symbols 0-9)
• Binary Number system(Uses only two symbols (1 and 0) to
 Data and Program represent all possible numbers
representation in • Coding systems for Text-based data:
Computer • ASCII and
• EBCDIC
• UNICODE

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 • Representing Program: Machine Language

Binary based language for representing computer programs that

computer can execute directly. Early programs were written in
machine language. 333Today’s programs still need to be translated
 Data and Program
into machine language in order to be understood by the computer
representation in
Computer

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