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 EUGENICS

 Termed coined by Francis Galton in 1883

 Derived from two Greek words Eu refers to well or good and

Genics refers to genes ( well born genes)

 CONTINUE…
 According to British Medical Association:

“Eugenics is the science which deals with all influences that

improve inborn qualities of a race and to deal with those factors

that lead them towards advantage”

 OBJECTIVES AND AIMS

 In order to decrease human sufferings

 To have more intelligent people in community and free from

mentally retarded people

 To develop a healthy environment and community

 FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TOWARDS GENETIC
HEALTH OF COMMUNITY

 What kind of marriage practices should be ?

 What kind of genetic makeup would contribute

towards ancestors of incoming generations?

 METHODS FOR EUGENICS
 2 WAYS

 POSITIVE EUGENICS

 NEGATIVE EUGENICS
 POSITIVE EUGENICS
 PURPOSE

 To achieve healthy populations and encourages reproduction

among genetically advantageous populations.

 Includes various strategies such as in vitro fertilization

 NEGATIVE EUGENICS
 PURPOSE

 Usually concerned with decreasing fertility among genetic

disadvantages

 It usually involves child planning methods (family planning) as

well as abortion
 APPLICATION OF EUGENICS
 At government level
 At population level
 At Individual level
 AT GOVERNMEMNT LEVEL

 Government should make laws and policies in

order to spread awareness towards people that
how a healthy community is achieved

 Secondly, proper evaluation should be done to see

what are effects of these implicated policies
 AT POPULATION AND INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
 Eugenics should be promoted to individuals and
populations through various campaigns,
highlighting its importance
 TWIN STUDIES

 A type of study which involved in behavioral

sciences as well as in health sciences

 This study is considered important because it

tease apart nature and nurture

TYPES OF TWINS
GENETIC RELATEDNESS AND ENVIRONMENT EFFECT ON TWIN
TYPES
 LETS UNDERSTAND TWIN STUDIES VIA
SCHIZOPHRENIA
 Suppose you are a scientist and you want to
learn what causes schizophrenia?

 Is it caused by environment or there is some sort of

genetic relatedness in causing this disorder?

 It might also be possible that this disorder is due to

some toxin
ACTUALLY WHICH FACTOR IS INVOLVED?
 So, actually researcher or a
scientist want to figure out
isolate genes and
environment to try to look at
one factor without other.

 In this regard, twin study is

important in order to provide a
clear picture that what
actually causes this order.
RATES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA IN BOTH TWIN TYPES
As, concluded from previous slide study, that if there
is something in environment that is responsible for
this disorder then as both sets of twins have
interacted with environment in same ratio. So, it
would not make any difference whether they are
identical or fraternal twins.
 PROBLEM WITH TWIN STUDY
METHODOLOGY
 As every study methodology has some sort of
problems, same is with twin studies that:
 It might be possible that identical twins have been
treated with more similarity than fraternal twins and
this could may have some kind of unexpected effect.
 And as we say above that fraternal twins share more
similar environment than regular siblings, so it might
be possible that identical twins even share more
similar environment than fraternal twins do.
 IMPORTANCE
 Twin studies allow researchers to find out overall role of

genes in development of trait or disorder

 Quantify genetic and modifiable environment factors that

causes more chances of disease or disorder

 Most importantly, how much difference in trait is

caused by a gene or environment
 PROS AND CONS OF EUGENICS

PROS CONS
Babies with eugenic Some people
modifications could considered it immoral
have more because they
opportunities consider that man is
because they would playing role against
have less diseases nature
and more abilities.