ISSN 1068-798X, Russian Engineering Research, 2007, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 241–244. © Allerton Press, Inc., 2007.

Original Russian Text © V.V. Piven’, O.L. Umanskaya, 2007, published in Vestnik Mashinostroeniya, 2007, No. 5, pp. 14–16.

Determining the Dynamic Parameters of the Structures

of the Vibration Machines on an Elastic Foundation
V. V. Piven’ and O. L. Umanskaya
GU, State University, Kurgan
DOI: 10.3103/S1068798X07050012

Vibration machines are widely used in industry for
the intensification of physical and chemical processes,
for the transportation, mixing, compacting, and dis-
pensing of the bulk materials, and also in separating
them into fractions. The vibratory or oscillatory motion
of the working organs of this machine is transmitted to
its structure.
If the vibration machine is installed on the flooring
of the production building, which is a three-dimen-
sional beam-type metallic system, its oscillations may
lead to increase of the vibrations of the machine itself.
Therefore the level of the vibrations of the load-carry-
ing structures is governed by the corresponding stan-
dards [1] and by the requirements of the technological
process, which may be disrupted upon the appearance
attachment of the sieve bodies performs harmonic
oscillations [2] relative to the foundation of the
machine in accordance with the law
x 1 = d sin pt,
where d is the amplitude of the forced oscillations, m;
p is the frequency of the forced oscillations, rad/s; and
t is the time, s.
The action of the disturbing force is transmitted
through an effective spring with the stiffness C1 to the
flooring, and its magnitude is determined from the for-
mula F1 = C1x1.
The differential equations of motion of the flooring
along the x axis are

∑F
of the additional vibrations from the load-carrying
structure. mẋ˙2 = kx ,

To eliminate or reduce this negative phenomenon, it or

is necessary to examine the motion of the individual
elements of the load-carrying structure and the flooring mẋ˙2 = – mg – F 1 – F 2 . (1)
for the example of the vibration machine for the screen-
ing separation of the bulk materials (Fig. 1). Substituting in formula (1) the values of F1 and F2,
we obtain:
The quality of the screening separation process is
most negatively influenced by the vibration of the sep- mẋ˙ = – C 2 ( x 2 – λ st ) – C 1 x 1 – mg, (2)
arating surface in the vertical direction. The analytic
scheme of the vibration machine and the flooring for
compiling the equations of motion of the load-carrying 4
elements in the vertical direction is shown in Fig. 2. The
elastic properties of the suspensions of the sieve bodies
together with the elements of the frame of the vibration
machine are characterized by the elasticity coefficient
C1, and the elastic properties of the flooring together
with the foundation are characterized by the elasticity
coefficient C2.
The origin of the system for calculating the motion 3
of the flooring coincides with the position of static equi-
2
librium of the flooring under the action of the weight
1
mg of the machine and the elastic force F2 of the struc-
ture that supports the flooring.
With the displacement of the flooring along the x
axis in the positive direction, the flooring coordinate
will be x2. In the course of the operation of the machine, Fig. 1. Scheme of structure of vibration machine: (1) driv-
under the action of the internal forces the upper hori- ing mechanism; (2) lower body; (3) upper body; (4) supple-
zontal beam of the frame of the machine at the points of mentary equipment (feeder and aspiration system).

241
242 PIVEN’, UMANSKAYA

x Analysis of the expression (5) showed that the first

x1 term describes the natural oscillations of the flooring
C1 1 with an amplitude that is equal to its static deflection
λst2 = g/ k 2 . In the steady-state oscillatory motion, the
A 2

natural oscillations decay because of the various resis-

2 tances, and the entire motion is determined by the
action of the disturbing force. The value of the first term
is smaller than the value of the second and third terms
F1 by more than an order of magnitude, therefore it can be
x2 C2 neglected.
The second term of Eq. (5) is a harmonic function of
the natural frequency k2 of the oscillations of the floor-
0 ing. The amplitude of these oscillations depends on the
elasticity coefficient C1 of the machine itself, the ampli-
F2 tude d of the disturbing force, and to a significant
degree on the relationship of the disturbing force fre-
mg quency p and the natural frequency k2.
The maximal value of the oscillations of the flooring
may be reached upon superposing the maximal ampli-
Fig. 2. Analytic scheme of vibration machine (1) and floor- tudes that are determined by the second and third terms
ing (2). of Eq. (5), in this case sink2t and sinpt are close to unity.
Then the maximal value of x2 is found from the
where λst is the deflection of the flooring under the equation
action of the weight of the machine. – ( C 1 dp ) C1 d
In the state of static equilibrium C2λst = mg. Then we x 2max = ------------------------------
- + -------------------------
mk 2 ( k 2 – p ) m ( k 2 – p )
2 2 2 2
can write expression (2) in the form:
mẋ˙2 + C 2 x 2 = – C 1 d sin pt. (3) or after transformations
2
We denote C2/m = k 2 and –(C1d)/m = h, substitute C1 d
x 2max = ----------------------------
-.
them in expression (3), and obtain the differential equa- mk 2 ( k 2 + p )
tion of the forced oscillations of the flooring: Consequently, the limitation condition will have the
ẋ˙2 +
2
k2 x2 = h sin pt, form:

whose solution has the form: C1 d

- ≤ [ x 2 ].
---------------------------- (6)
mk 2 ( k 2 + p )
hp sin k 2 t h sin pt
x 2 = – λ st2 cos k 2 t – -------------------------
- + ----------------, (4)
k2(k2 – p ) k2 – p
2 2 2 2 We obtain from expression (6) the relation for calcu-
lating the stiffness parameters of the vibration machine:
where λst2 is the deflection of the flooring under the
action of the weight of the machine, m; k2 is the natural C 1 ≤ [ [ x 2 ]m ( k 2 + p )k 2 ]/d.
frequency of the oscillations of the flooring, rad/s; and Thus, the value of the required stiffness of the
h = c1d/m is a coefficient. machine increases with increase of the natural fre-
From the condition of the satisfaction of the ergo- quency of the oscillations of the flooring, increase of
nomic requirements for the servicing personnel, we the frequency of the forced oscillations of the machine,
impose the limitation on the vibratory displacement of and also with increase of the allowable values of the
the flooring: x2 ≤ [x2], where [x2] is the allowable value vibratory displacements.
of the vibratory displacements of the flooring, m. We obtain similarly from expression (6) with the
The overall vibratory displacement of the end effector given values of C1, [x2] the relation for determining the
attachment points in the vertical direction: x = x1 + x2. frequency of the flooring:
2
With account for the values of k 2 and h and the 1/2
– [ x 2 ]mp – ( [ x 2 ] m p + 4 [ x 2 ]mC 1 d )
2 2 2
static equilibrium equation C2λst2 = mg, Eq. (4) takes k 2 ≤ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-.
the form: 2 [ x 2 ]m
– g cos k 2 t C 1 dp sin k 2 t C 1 d sin pt The overall vibrodisplacement of the end effector
- – ------------------------------
x 2 = --------------------- - + -------------------------. (5) suspension points in the absolute motion in the vertical
mk 2 ( k 2 – p ) m ( k 2 – p )
2 2 2 2 2
k2 direction with account for their displacement relative to

RUSSIAN ENGINEERING RESEARCH Vol. 27 No. 5 2007

 DETERMINING THE DYNAMIC PARAMETERS 243

Selecting the analytic scheme

Determining the values and points of application of the dynamic forces

in the detail parts of the driving mechanism

Determining the possible constructive variants and configurations and introduction

of the variables that determine the choice of the rational scheme

Determining the influence Determining the internal Determining the influence

of the vibration of the force factors in the of the vibration of the
foundation of the machine statically indeterminate separating surface on the
on the vibratory frame-type structure effectiveness of the
characteristics of the sieve-type separation
load-bearing structure process

Determining the Determining the Determining the

natural frequencies vibratory maximal stresses in
f the oscillations of displacements of the detail parts of
the frame structure the frame structure the structure

Introducing Adjustment Determining Introducing Determining the

the limitations that the limitations the strength allowable vibratory
on the stiffness eliminates on the limitations displacement in
of the resonance vibratory accordance with
foundation displacements the technological
requirements

Optimizing the mass of the structure by mathematical modeling

Determining the Determining the optimal Determining the

optimal values of the positioning of the detail parts advisability of installing
stiffness of the of the drive and the auxiliary stiffening
individual structural balancing mechanisms elements
elements

Fig. 3. Block diagram of the optimization of the frame-type load-bearing structures of the vibration machines.

the load-carrying structure together with the flooring d + C1 d C 1 dp

has the form: x max = ------------------------- – ------------------------------
-
m ( k 2 – p ) mk 2 ( k 2 – p )
2 2 2 2

d sin pt – g cos k 2 t C 1 dp sin k 2 t C 1 d sin pt or after transformations

- + -------------------------.
- – ------------------------------
x = -----------------------------------------
mk 2 ( k 2 – p ) m ( k 2 – p )
2 2 2 2 2
k2
d + C1 d
x max = ------------------------------
-.
mk 2 ( k 2 – p )
2 2
2
Then, neglecting the value of g/ k 2 , we obtain
With the limitations of the vibratory displacements
d + C1 d C 1 dp sin k 2 t x that are associated with the quality of the performance
x = ------------------------- sin pt – ------------------------------
-. (7) of the technological process by the vibration machines,
m( k2 – p ) mk 2 ( k 2 – p )
2 2 2 2
we have, taking into account the allowable value of x,
Superposing the maximal amplitudes of the compo- C1 d
nents of the oscillations that are determined by the first - ≤ [ x ].
d + ---------------------------- (8)
mk 2 ( k 2 + p )
2
and second terms of Eq. (7), we obtain

RUSSIAN ENGINEERING RESEARCH Vol. 27 No. 5 2007

244 PIVEN’, UMANSKAYA

We obtain with account for expression (8) for the with regard to the specified parameters of the machine
calculations of the structure of the vibration machines and the flooring the following limitation conditions:

C 1 ≤ ( [ x ] – d )k 2 ( k 2 + p )m/d;
1/2
pdm – [ x ]mp – ( p d m – 2 p dm [ x ] + [ x ] m p – 4C 1 d m + 4mC 1 d [ x ] )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
k 2 ≤ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;
2m [ x ] – 2dm
[ x ]k 2 m ( k 2 + p )
d ≤ ----------------------------------------
2
-;
mk 2 + mpk 2 + C 1

k 2 dm – mk 2 [ x ] + C 1 d
2 2
p ≤ ---------------------------------------------------
-.
mk 2 ( [ x ] – d )

The block diagram of the process of optimizing the The obtained relations can be used in developing the
frame-type load-carrying structures of the vibration vibration-type separating machines, designing the
machines is presented in Fig. 3. structural members, and also in developing the other
machines in which the vibratory motion of the end
This structural optimization method will include the effectors is used for the realization of the technological
determining of the internal force factors in the elements process.
of the structure, the stresses, the vibration characteris-
tics, and the natural frequencies. When optimizing the
structure with regard to a particular criterion (the mass, REFERENCES
for example), it is necessary to take into account the 1. GOST 12.1.012-90. Vibratsionnaya bezopasnost’.
dynamics of the foundation on which the vibration Obshchie trebovaniya, Moscow, Izd. Standartov, 1990.
machine is installed, and also the limitations with 2. Piven’, V.V., Umanskaya, O.L., and Goloseev, B.A.,
regard to the vibratory displacements of the detail parts Equations of Motion of the Structural Elements of the
Vibration Machines with Account for the Elastic Proper-
of the structure that are associated with the quality of ties of the Foundation, Vestnik Kurganskogo Univer-
the performance of the technological process by the siteta. Ser. Estestvennye i tekhnicheskie nauki, Kurgan,
given machine. Izd. Kurganskogo Gos. Un-Ta, 2005, vol. 1, pp. 91–92.

RUSSIAN ENGINEERING RESEARCH Vol. 27 No. 5 2007