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(continued on back flap)

 Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2019 with funding from
Kahle/Austin Foundation

https://archive.org/details/arabicgeometricaOOOObour
 ARABIC
GEOMETRICAL
PATTERN AND DESIGN
 ARABIC
GEOMETRICAL
PATTERN AND DESIGN

|. Bourgoin

Dover Publications, Inc., New York

 Copyright © 1973 by Dover Publications, Inc.
All rights reserved under Pan American and International
Copyright Conventions.

Published in Canada by General Publishing Company, Ltd.,

30 Lesmill Road, Don Mills, Toronto, Ontario.
Published in the United Kingdom by Constable and Company,
Ltd., 10 Orange Street, London WC 2.

This Dover edition, first published in 1973, contains all the

plates from the work Les Elements de I'art arabe: le trait des
entrelacs, by J. Bourgoin, originally published by the Librairie de
Firmin-Didot et Cie, Paris, in 1879. Plates I through X originally
appeared in color. The text of the original edition has been
replaced here by a Publisher's Note.

DOVER ^Pictorial oArcbive SERIES

Arabic Geometrical Pattern and Design belongs to the Dover
Pictorial Archive Series. Up to ten illustrations may be repro¬
duced on any one project or in any single publication, free and
without special permission. Wherever possible, include a credit
line indicating the title of this book, author and publisher.
Please address the publisher for permission to make more ex¬
tensive use of illustrations in this book than that authorized
above.
The reproduction of this book in whole is prohibited.

International Standard Book Number: 0-486-22924-6

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 72-90630

Manufactured in the United States of America

Dover Publications, Inc.
180 Varick Street
New York, N. Y. 10014
 PUBLISHER’S NOTE
The 190 linear plates in this book constitute an unusually complete collection
of the basic patterns underlying the geometrical art of the Arabs. These were
the designs that Arabic architects, decorators and craftsmen executed in metal,
wood, stucco, mosaic and paint during their finest creative eras. The modern
designer will find these plates immediately useful just as they are (infinite
variations on each plate can be achieved with a little ingenuity—by varying
the color emphases, changing straight lines to curves, and so on), and they
will also suggest many more related patterns.
Readers who would like to try their hand at drawing these designs them¬
selves can be guided by the dotted construction lines on every plate.
The patterns are divided into eight categories according to the funda¬
mental geometric figures from which they spring: hexagon designs (Plates
1-41), octagon designs (42-67), dodecagon designs (68-105), combinations of
stars or rosettes having two different numbers of points (106-142), combina¬
tions of squares and octagons (143-153), combinations of stars or rosettes of
three or four types (154-163), heptagon designs (164-170) and pentagon de¬
signs (171-190). The first plate in each category has construction lines covering
the whole page.
The ten plates I through X contain 28 examples of the use of these and
similar patterns in actual works of art from Cairo and Damascus dating from
the fourteenth through the eighteenth centuries: sanctuary doors, openwork
windows, inlaid marble pavements, ceilings.
The present edition of this book omits the text of the original French edition
(Les Elements de I'art arabe: le trait des entrelacs, Firmin-Didot et Cie, Paris,
1879), which consisted of an art-historical statement of no particular value
today, and of incomplete instructions on drawing the patterns. In view of the
shortcomings of this text, it seemed best to let the magnificent plates speak
for themselves.
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Dover Books on Art
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 Dover Books on Art

MASTERPIECES OF FURNITURE, Verna Cook Salomonsky.

Photographs and measured drawings of some of the finest ex¬
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and various other furniture styles. The textual matter includes
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various pieces. 101 plates. Bibliography. 224pp. 7% x 10%.
21381-1 Paperbound $4.50
PRIMITIVE ART, Franz Boas. In this exhaustive volume, a
great American anthropologist analyzes all the fundamental
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Illustrations of Indian embroidery, paleolithic paintings, woven
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AN INTRODUCTION TO A HISTORY OF WOODCUT, A. M.
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and their technical and artistic accomplishments. Profusely il¬
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for comparative purposes. 484 illustrations. 5 indexes. Total of
xi +838pp. 5% x 81/2-Two-vols. 20952-0,20953-0 Paperbound $10.50
A HISTORY OF ENGRAVING AND ETCHING, A. M. Hind.
Beginning with the anonymous masters of. 15th century en¬
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through Italy, Holland, and Germany to the great engravers and
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3 appendixes. Ill illustrations, xviii -f- 487 pp. 5% x 8!/2-
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ART STUDENTS’ ANATOMY, E. J. Farris. Teaching anatomy
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are illustrated in minute detail, diagrammed and pictured as they
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COLONIAL LIGHTING, A. H. Hayward. The only book to cover
the fascinating story of lamps and other lighting devices in
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FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN ART, A. Ozenfant. Stimulating
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METALWORK AND ENAMELLING, H. Mary on. Probably the
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22702-2 Paperbound $3.50
SHAKER FURNITURE, E. D. and F. Andrews. The most
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chronology, craftsmanship, houses, shops, etc. Includes over 200
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LETTERING AND ALPHABETS, J. A. Cavanagh. An un¬

abridged reissue of “Lettering,” containing the full discussion,
analysis, illustration of 89 basic hand lettering styles based on
Caslon, Bodoni, Gothic, many other types. Hundreds of technical
hints on construction, strokes, pens, brushes, etc. 89 alphabets,
72 lettered specimens, which may be reproduced permission-free.
121pp. 9% x 8. 20053-1 Paperbound $2.50
THE HUMAN FIGURE IN MOTION, Eadweard Muybridge.
The largest collection in print of Muybridge’s famous high-speed
action photos. 4789 photographs in more than 500 action-strip-
sequences (at shutter speeds up to l/6000th of a second) illus¬
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 Dover Books on Art

200 DECORATIVE TITLE-PAGES, edited by A. Nesbitt. Fasci¬

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21264-5 Paperbound $5.00
ON THE LAWS OF JAPANESE PAINTING, H. P. Bowie. This
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Index, xv -f 117pp. -f- 66 plates. 6Vs x 9%.
20030-2 Paperbound $4.50
A HANDBOOK-OF ANATOMY FOR ART STUDENTS, Arthur
Thomson. This long-popular text teaches any student, regardless
of level of technical competence, all the subtleties of human
anatomy. Clear photographs, numerous line sketches and dia¬
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supplement to life class work, or as a lifelong sourcebook and
reference volume. Author’s prefaces. 67 plates, containing 40 line
drawings, 86 photographs—mostly full page. 211 figures. Ap¬
pendix. Index, xx 459pp. 5% x 8%. 21163-0 Paperbound $5.00
WHITTLING AND WOODCARVING, E. J. Tangerman. With
this book, a beginner who is moderately handy can whittle or
carve scores of useful objects, toys for children, gifts, or simply
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reading,” N. Y. Herald Tribune Books. 464 illustrations,
with appendix and index, x -f- 293pp. 514 x 8 Va-
20965-2 Paperbound $2.75
ONE HUNDRED AND ONE PATCHWORK PATTERNS, Ruby
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Path,” “Crossed Canoes,” to name a few. Over 500 illustrations.
124 pp. 7% x 10%. 20773-0 Paperbound $2.50
ART AND GEOMETRY, W. M. Ivins, Jr. Challenges the idea
that the foundations of modern thought were laid in ancient
Greece. Pitting Greek tactile-muscular intuitions of space against
modern visual intuitions, the author, for 30 years curator of
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 Dover Books on Art

PINE FURNITURE OF EARLY NEW ENGLAND, R. H. Ket-

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“Rich store of illustrations . . . emphasizes the individuality and
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BASIC BOOKBINDING, A. W. Leivis. Enables both beginners
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DESIGN MOTIFS OF ANCIENT MEXICO, J. Enciso. Nearly
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plumed serpents, wind gods, animals, demons, dancers, monsters,
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trations, thousands of motifs. 192pp. 6% x 9%,.
20084-1 Paperbound $2.50
A DIDEROT PICTORIAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TRADES
AND INDUSTRY. Manufacturing and the Technical Arts in
Plates Selected from “L’Encyclopedie ou Dictionnaire Raisonne
des Sciences, des Arts, et des Metiers,” of Denis Diderot, edited
with text by C. Gillispie. Over 2000 illustrations on 485 full-page
plates.Magnificent 18th-century engravings of men, women, and
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fine glass, printing, hundreds more, showing details of machinery,
different steps in sequence, etc. A remarkable art work, but also
the largest collection of working figures in print, copyright-free,
for art directors, designers, etc. Two vols. 920pp. 9 x 12. Heavy
library cloth. 22284-5, 22283-3 Two volume set $30.00
SILK SCREEN TECHNIQUES, J. Biegeleisen, M. Cohn. A prac¬
tical step-by-step home course in one of the most versatile, least
expensive graphic arts processes. How to build an inexpensive
silk screen, prepare stencils, print, achieve special textures, use
color, etc. Every step explained, diagrammed. 149 illustrations,
201pp. 6% x 9%. 20433-2 Paperbound $2.50
STICKS AND STONES, Leivis MumforcL. An examination of
forces influencing American architecture: the medieval tradition
in early New England, the classical influence in Jefferson’s time,
the Brown Decades, the imperial facade, the machine age, etc. “A
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THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN IDEA, Louis Sullivan. The
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the development of the theories that revolutionized America’s
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ART ANATOMY, Dr. William Rimmer. One of the few books

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of the body—bony structure, muscles, features, etc. Unusual
are the sections on falling bodies, foreshortenings, muscles in
tension, grotesque personalities, and Rimmer’s remarkable inter¬
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original (which sells for $500 on up on the rare book market.)
Over 1,200 illustrations, xiii -f 153pp. 7% x 10%.
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THE CRAFTSMAN’S HANDBOOK, Cennino Cennini. The
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facets of the painter’s art. 4 illustrations, xxvii + 142pp. D. V.
Thompson, translator. 5% x 8. 20054-X Paperbound $2.50
THE BROWN DECADES, Leivis Mumford. A picture of the
“buried renaissance” of the post-Civil War period, and the found¬
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Roebling), landscape development (Marsh, Olmstead, Eliot), and
the graphic arts (Homer, Eakins, Ryder). 2nd revised, enlarged
edition. Bibliography. 12 illustrations, xiv + 266 pp. 5% x 8.
20200-3 Paperbound $2.00
THE STYLES OF ORNAMENT, A. Speltz. The largest collection
of line ornament in print, with 3750 numbered illustrations ar¬
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Etruscans, through Medieval, Renaissance, 18th century, and
Victorian. No permissions, no fees needed to use or reproduce
illustrations. 400 plates with 3750 illustrations. Bibliography.
Index. 640pp. 6 x 9. 20577-6 Paperbound $5.50
THE ART OF ETCHING, E. S. Lumsden. Every step of the etch¬
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features a rich survey of the art, with 105 annotated plates by
masters. Invaluable for beginner to advanced etcher. 374pp.
5% x 8. 20049-3 Paperbound $3.75
OF THE JUST SHAPING OF LETTERS, Albrecht Durer. This
remarkable volume reveals Albrecht Diirer’s rules for the geo¬
metric construction of Roman capitals and the formation of
Gothic lower case and capital letters, complete with construction
diagrams and directions. Of considerable practical interest to
the contemporary illustrator, artist, and designer. Translated
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 Dover Books on Art

DESIGN AND FIGURE CARVING, E. J. Tangerman. “Anyone

who can peel a potato can carve,” states the author, and in this
unusual book he shows you how, covering every stage in detail
from very simple exercises working up to museum-quality
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21209-2 Paperbound $3.00

THE STANDARD BOOK OF QUILT MAKING AND COL¬

LECTING, M. Ickis. Even if you are a beginner, you will soon
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drawn patterns, photographs, and step-by-step instructions.
Learn how to plan the quilt, to select the pattern to harmonize
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xi + 276pp. 6% x 9J4- 20582-7 Paperbound $3.50

A HISTORY OF COSTUME, Carl Kohler. The most reliable and

authentic account of the development of dress from ancient times
through the 19th century. Based on actual pieces of clothing that
have survived, using paintings, statues and other reproductions
only where originals no longer exist. Hundreds of illustrations,
including detailed patterns for many articles. Highly useful for
theatre and movie directors, fashion designers, illustrators,
teachers. Edited and augmented by Emma von Sichart. Trans¬
lated by Alexander K. Dallas. 594 illustrations. 464pp. 5 Vs x 7Vs-
21030-8 Paperbound $4.00

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I
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arabicgeometricaOObour
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(continued from front flap)

Handbook of Renaissance Ornament, Albert F. Butsch.

(21998-4) $5.50
Lettering and Alphabets, J. Albert Cavanagh. (20053-1)
$2.00
Dictionary of American Portraits, Hayward and Blanche
Cirker.
(21823-6) Clothbound $30.00
Monograms and Alphabetic Devices, Hayward and Blanche
Cirker. (22330-2) $5.00
Illustrated Catalogue of Carriages and Special Business
Advertiser, G. D. Cook & Co. (22364-7) $5.00
How to Know the Wild Flowers, Mrs. William S. Dana.
(20332-8) $3.50
A Diderot Pictorial Encyclopedia of Trades and Industry,
Denis Diderot, edited by Charles C. Gillispie. (22284-5,
22285-3) Two-volume set, Clothbound $30.00
The Fantastic Engravings of Wendel Dietterlin: The 203
Plates and Text of His Architectura, Wendel Dietterlin.
(21944-5) $6.00
Design Motifs from Ancient Mexico, Jorge Enciso.
(20084-1) $2.50
Designs from Pre-Columbian Mexico, Jorge Enciso.
(22794-4) $2.00
Pattern and Design with Dynamic Symmetry, Edward B.
Edwards. (21756-6) $2.50
Designs on Prehistoric Hopi Pottery, Jesse Walter Fewkes.
(22959-9) $3.50
Decorative Music Title Pages, edited by Gottfried S. Fraenkel.
(21915-1) $5.00
Curious Woodcuts of Fanciful and Real Beasts, Conrad
Gesner. (22701-4) $4.00
Art Nouveau: An Anthology of Design and Illustration
from the “Studio,” edited by Edmund V. Gillon, Jr.
(22388-4) $2.50
Decorative Frames and Borders, Edmund V. Gillon, Jr.
(22928-9) $4.00

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 \

qrobic 6eometRicaL
pattern & (DesiGn
D. BOQRGOID
By forbidding the representation of the human figure the Mohammedan religion
helped push Islamic art along a path much different from that of traditional Euro¬
pean art. European abounds with perspective renderings of figures and landscapes,
while Islamic translates artistic impulse into elaborate geometric patterns and linear
designs. Through centuries of practicing this purely abstract art Muslim artists have
perfected it to an incomparable elegance.

This book contains 190 examples exhibiting the wide range of Islamic geometrical
art: hexagon designs, octagon designs, dodecagon designs, combinations of stars and
rosettes (of many variations), combinations of squares and octagons, heptagon designs,
and pentagon designs. These fundamental shapes give rise to hundreds of different
designs, and merely altering an angle or curving a straight line can create an entirely
new pattern. When transferred to metal, wood, stucco, mosaic, and paint, these
patterns make up the elaborate ornamentation for which Arabic architecture is
noted, and twenty-eight examples of actual applications from Cairo and Damascus
are included: sanctuary doors, operrwoyk windows, inlaid marble pavements and
ceilings. ;

The reader may wish to try his own hand at drawing patterns, to which purpose
dotted construction lines are given for sections of the plates. Artists and designers
will appreciate this book as a valuable source for Islamic art and design, which they
may use directly or vary at will, and with the added use of color they will find that
striking and beautiful results can often be achieved.

This edition contains all the plates from Les Elements de l’art arabe: le trait des
entrelacs, originally published in 1879. A publisher’s note replaces the original text.

Cover designed by Edmund V. Gillon, Jr.

200 plates, ix -(- 200pp. 7% x I0y4. 22924-6 Paperbound

THE DOVER PICTORIAL ARCHIVE SERIES

4 his book is pait of the Dover Pictorial Archive series. Individual items in the book
are copyright-free, and may be used (up to 10 items per occasion) without further
payment, permission or acknowledgment. You purchase such rights when you buy
the book.

A DOVER EDITION DESIGNED FOR YEARS OF USE!

We have made every effort to make this the best book possible. Our paper is opaque,
with minimal show-through; it will not discolor or become brittle with age. Pages
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book. r

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/ $5.50 in Canada