Volume 7, Issue 7, July – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Some Classical Properties of the New

Conformable Fractional Derivative
Nehaa, *, Dr. Anita Dahiyab
a
Assistant Professor, bProfessor
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities,
Panipat Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Panipat-132101, Haryana, India

Abstract:- Some research works dealing with fractional Definition 1.1 “Riemann-Liouville Definition”: For 𝛽 ∈
derivatives inspired us to work on this paper. In this [𝑚 − 1, 𝑚), 𝛽-derivative of function g(u) is
paper, we prove some useful results using the definition 𝑢
of new Conformable Fractional Derivative given 𝛽 1 𝑑𝑚 𝑔(𝑥)
inAhmed Kajouni, Ahmed Chafiki, Khalid Hilal, and 𝐷𝑎 (𝑔)(𝑢) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥.
⌈𝑚 − 𝛽 𝑑𝑡 𝑚 (𝑢 − 𝑥)𝛽−𝑚+1
Mohamed Oukessou[7]. 𝑎

Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 26A33, Definition 1.2 “Caputo Definition”: For 𝛽 ∈ [𝑚 −
26A24. 1, 𝑚), 𝛽-derivative of function g(u) is
𝑢
Keywords:- Conformable Fractional Derivative; Fractional 1 𝑔 𝑚 (𝑥)
𝛽
Calculus; Fractional Differential Equations; Fractional 𝐷𝑎 (𝑔)(𝑢) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥.
⌈𝑚 − 𝛽 (𝑢 − 𝑥)𝛽−𝑚+1
operators. 𝑎

I. INTRODUCTION All of the definitions thus far, including 1.1 and 1.2,
satisfy the property that the fractional derivative is linear. By
Non-integer order derivatives and integrals are studied all definitions, this is the single property inherited from the
and applied in fractional calculus, a new discipline of first derivative. However, such definitions have some
mathematics. It has more than a 320-years history. Its drawbacks:
progress has primarily been centred on the pure 𝛽 𝛽
 The R-L derivative does not satisfy 𝐷𝑎 (1) = 0 (𝐷𝑎 (1) =
mathematical discipline. Liouville, Riemann, Leibniz, and
0 for “Caputo definition”) if 𝛽 ∉ ℕ.
others appear to have conducted the first systematic research
 All fractional derivatives do not satisfy the known
in the 19th century. Fractional differential equations (FDEs)
formulas of the derivative of the product and quotient of
have been utilized to explain a variety of stable physical
two functions:
phenomena with anomalous degradation throughout the last
two decades. Many mathematical models of real-world 𝛽 𝛽 𝛽
𝐷𝑎 (ℎ𝑔) = ℎ𝐷𝑎 (𝑔) + 𝑔𝐷𝑎 (ℎ).
problems that arise in engineering and research are either
linear or non-linear systems. With the discovery of 𝛽 𝛽
fractional calculus, it has been shown that differential 𝛽 ℎ 𝑔𝐷𝑎 (ℎ) − ℎ𝐷𝑎 (𝑔)
𝐷𝑎 ( ) = .
systems may be used to describe the role of many systems. 𝑔 𝑔2
It's worth noting that the fractional calculus may be used to  All fractional derivatives do not satisfy the Chain
describe a variety of physical processes with memory and Rule:
genetic features. In reality, fractional order systems make up 𝛽 (𝛽)
the majority of real-world processes. 𝐷𝑎 (ℎ𝜊𝑔)(𝑡) = ℎ (𝑔(𝑡))𝑔 (𝛽) (𝑡).
𝛽
Fractional Calculus is as old as Calculus. L' Hospital  All fractional derivatives do not satisfy 𝐷𝑎𝛼 𝐷𝑎 (𝑔) =
wrote to Leibniz on September 30th, 1695, inquiring about a 𝛼+𝛽
𝐷𝑎 (𝑔) in general.
particular notation he had used in his writings for the mth-
𝑑 𝑚𝑥
derivative of the linear function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑑𝑥 𝑚. L'Hopital's
1 II. NOTATIONS AND PRELIMNARIES
raised the question to Leibniz, what will happen if 𝑚 = ?
2
Leibniz's response: "An apparent paradox, from which one The conformable fractional derivative, defined by the
day useful consequences will be drawn"[19]. As a result, authors in [5], [6], and [7], is a well-behaved simple
fractional calculus was born on that date, and it is now fractional derivative that is based solely on the derivative's
known as fractional calculus' birthday. Many academics basic limit definition.
have attempted to define fractional derivative since then.
Khalil et. al. [5] have introduced a new derivative
The Riemann-Liouville and Caputo definitions are the most
important. We recommend the reader to [1-4] for the history called “the conformable fractional derivative” of function ′𝑔′
and important results on fractional derivatives. of order ′𝛽′ and is defined by

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Volume 7, Issue 7, July – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
𝑔(𝑢+𝜖𝑢 1−𝛽 )−𝑔(𝑢)
𝑇𝛽 (𝑔(𝑢)) = lim ∈
, III. MAIN RESULTS
𝜖→0

where𝑔: [0, ∞) → ℝ and 0 < 𝛽 ≤ 1, and the fractional Theorem 3.1 “Cauchy Mean Value Theorem for
derivative at 0 is defined as 𝑔 (𝛽) (0) = lim+ 𝑇𝛽 (𝑔(𝑢)). Conformable Fractional Differentiable Functions”: If𝑎 >
𝑡→0
Katungampola [6] introduced the new definition which is 0 and ℎ, 𝑔: [𝑎, 𝑏] → ℝ be two given functions that satisfy
given by  ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 are continuous on [a, b].
 ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 are 𝛽- differentiable in (𝑎, 𝑏) for some 𝛽 ∈
𝑔(𝑢𝑒 ∈𝑢
−𝛽
)−𝑔(𝑢) (0, 1).
𝐷𝛽 (𝑔(𝑢)) = lim ∈
,  𝑔 (𝛽) (𝑥) ≠ 0 for any point of the open interval (𝑎, 𝑏).
𝜖→0

for 𝑢 > 0, 𝛽 ∈ (0, 1). If 𝑔 is 𝛽-differentiable in some Then, there exists atleast one
(0, 𝑏), 𝑏 > 0, and lim+ 𝐷𝛽 (𝑔(𝑢)) exists then, define value𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 of open interval (𝑎, 𝑏), such that
𝑢→0
𝐷𝛽 (𝑔(0)) = lim+ 𝐷𝛽 (𝑔(𝑢)). ℎ(𝛽) (𝑑) ℎ(𝑏) − ℎ(𝑎)
𝑢→0 = .
𝑔 (𝛽) (𝑑) 𝑔(𝑏) − 𝑔(𝑎)
For the most natural extension of the standard limit
definition of the derivative of a function g at a point, Ahmed Proof: Firstly, we see that 𝑔(𝑏) − 𝑔(𝑎) ≠ 0 for
Kajouni et al. [7] presented “a new conformable fractional otherwise 𝑔 would satisfy the conditions of Rolle’s theorem
derivative”. and 𝑔 (𝛽) (𝑥) would then vanish for atleast one value of
𝑥 of open interval(𝑎, 𝑏), thus contradicting the hypothesis
Definition [7]: Given a function 𝑔: [0, ∞) → ℝ, and then the
that 𝑔 (𝛽) (𝑥) ≠ 0 for any point of the open interval (𝑎, 𝑏).
conformable fractional derivative of 𝑔 of order 𝛽 is defined
by Now, we define the function ∅(𝑥) by the relation
𝑔(𝑢+ℎ𝑒 (𝛽−1)𝑢 )−𝑔(𝑢) ℎ(𝑏)−ℎ(𝑎)
𝐷𝛽 (𝑔(𝑢)) = lim ,𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑢 > 0, 𝛽 ∈ (0, 1). ∅(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥) − ℎ(𝑎) − (𝑔(𝑏)−𝑔(𝑎)) (𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑎)).
ℎ→0 ℎ

If 𝑔 is 𝛽-differentiable in some (0, 𝑏), 𝑏 > 0, and Then, ∅(𝑎) = 0 and ∅(𝑏) = 0.
lim+ 𝐷𝛽 (𝑔(𝑢)) exists then, define 𝐷𝛽 (𝑔(0)) =
𝑢→0 So, the function ∅(𝑥) satisfies the conditions of Rolle’s
lim+ 𝐷𝛽 (𝑔(𝑢)). theorem. So, there exists atleast one value
𝑢→0
𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 of open interval (𝑎, 𝑏), such that
As the consequences of above definitions, the authors
in [5, 6, 7] showed that the 𝛽- derivatives obey the product ∅(𝛽) (𝑑) = 0
rule, quotient rule, power rule, chain rule, Rolle’s theorem
ℎ(𝑏)−ℎ(𝑎)
and Lagrange’s MVT in classical calculus. ∅(𝛽) (𝑥) = ℎ(𝛽) (𝑥) − (𝑔(𝑏)−𝑔(𝑎)) 𝑔 (𝛽) (𝑥).
Theorem 2.1 [5, 6, 7]: If a function 𝑔: [0, ∞) → ℝ is 𝛽-
So, ∅(𝛽) (𝑑) = 0 implies that ℎ(𝛽) (𝑑) −
differentiable at 𝑢0 > 0, then 𝑔 is continuous at 𝑢0 . ℎ(𝑏)−ℎ(𝑎)
( ) 𝑔 (𝛽) (𝑑) = 0.
𝑔(𝑏)−𝑔(𝑎)
Theorem 2.2 [5, 6, 7]: If𝑎 > 0 and 𝑔: [𝑎, 𝑏] → ℝ be a given
function that satisfies This implies,
 𝑔 is continuous on [𝑎, 𝑏].
 𝑔 is 𝛽- differentiable in (𝑎, 𝑏) for some 𝛽 ∈ (0, 1). ℎ(𝛽) (𝑑) ℎ(𝑏) − ℎ(𝑎)
= .
 𝑔(𝑎) = 𝑔(𝑏). 𝑔 (𝛽) (𝑑) 𝑔(𝑏) − 𝑔(𝑎)

Then, there exists 𝑐 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏), such that 𝑔 (𝛽) (𝑐) = 0. The following result [8] generalizes the L-Hospital
Rule will be a particular case of which 𝛽 = 1.
Theorem 2.3 [5, 6, 7]: If𝑎 > 0 and 𝑔: [𝑎, 𝑏] → ℝ be a given
function that satisfies Theorem 3.2: Let 𝑎 > 0 and ℎ, 𝑔: [𝑎, 𝑏] → ℝ be two given
 𝑔 is continuous on [𝑎, 𝑏]. functions that satisfy
 𝑔 is 𝛽- differentiable in (𝑎, 𝑏) for some 𝛽 ∈ (0, 1).  ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 are continuous on [a, b].
 ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 are 𝛽- differentiable in (𝑎, 𝑏) for some 𝛽 ∈
Then, there exists 𝑐 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏), such that (0, 1).
𝑔(𝑏) − 𝑔(𝑎)  𝑔 (𝛽) (𝑥) ≠ 0 for any point of the open interval
𝑔 (𝛽) (𝑐) = 1 1
.
( − 1) 𝑒 (𝛽−1)𝑏 − ( − 1) 𝑒 (𝛽−1)𝑎 ℎ(𝛽)(𝑥)
𝛽 𝛽 (𝑎, 𝑏) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 lim+ (𝛽) = 𝑙.
𝑥→𝑎 𝑔 (𝑥)
The objective of this paper is to prove some useful Then,
results of classical calculus that remain true in replacing the (𝛽)
ℎ(𝑥) − ℎ(𝑎) ℎ (𝑥)
integer order derivative 𝑔 ′ by the conformable fractional one lim+ = lim+ (𝛽) = 𝑙.
𝑔 (𝛽) . 𝑥→𝑎 𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑎) 𝑥→𝑎 𝑔 (𝑥)

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Volume 7, Issue 7, July – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Proof: By the hypothesis (i), (ii) and (iii) we can apply IV. CONCLUSION
theorem 3.1 for all 𝑥 ∈ [𝑎, 𝑏] there exists 𝑑𝑥 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑥) such
that Cauchy Mean Value Theorem for New Conformable
Fractional Derivative generalizes Lagrange’s Mean Value
(𝛽) Theorem for 𝛽- differentiable function in (𝑎, 𝑏) for some
ℎ (𝑑𝑥 ) ℎ(𝑥) − ℎ(𝑎)
= . 𝛽 ∈ (0, 1). It may establish the relationship between the
𝑔 (𝛽) (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑎)
fractional derivatives of two functions and changes in these
It is clear that if 𝑥 → 𝑎 𝑠𝑜 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑎 then by (iii) functions on a finite interval.

ℎ(𝛽)(𝑑𝑥 ) DECLARATIONS
𝑔(𝛽)(𝑑𝑥 )
→ 𝑙.
 Funding: Not applicable.
Finally, we have that  Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have
no conflict of interest.
ℎ(𝑥) − ℎ(𝑎)
(𝛽)
ℎ (𝑥)  Availability of Data and Material: Not applicable.
lim = lim+ (𝛽) = 𝑙.  Code Availability: Not Applicable
𝑥→𝑎 + 𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑎) 𝑥→𝑎 𝑔 (𝑥)
 Authors’ Contributions: Both authors read and approved
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 the final manuscript.
Example 3.3: We calculate lim .
𝑥→0 𝑥
REFRENCES
Let ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥.
[1.] K.S. Miller, An Introduction to Fractional Calculus
We are exactly within the conditions for applying the result and Fractional Differential Equations, J. Wiley and
3.2. Sons, New York, 1993.
ℎ(𝑥) ℎ(𝑥) − ℎ(0) [2.] K. Oldham, J. Spanier, “The Fractional Calculus,
lim = lim
𝑥→0 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑥→0 𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑔(0) Theory and applications of Differentiation and
(𝛽)
ℎ (𝑥) integration of arbitrary order”, Academic Press, USA,
= lim (𝛽) 1974.
𝑥→0 𝑔 (𝑥)
𝑒 (𝛽−1)𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 [3.] Kilbas, H. Srivastva, J. Trujillo, “Theory and
= lim Applications of Fractional Differential Equations”, in:
𝑥→0 𝑒 (𝛽−1)𝑥 Math. Studies., North Holland, New York, 2006.
= 1.
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 [4.] Podlubny, “Fractional Differential Equations”
Example 3.4: We calculate lim 𝑥 2 . Academic Press, USA, 1999.
𝑥→0
[5.] R. Khalil, M. Al Horani, A. Yousef, and M. Sababheh,
Let ℎ(𝑥) = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 . “A New Definition of Fractional Derivative” Journal of
Computational and Applied Mathematics, volume 264,
We are exactly within the conditions for applying the result pp. 65-70, 2014.
3.2. [6.] U.N. Katugampola, “A New Fractional derivative with
Classical Properties” e-print arXiv: 1410.6535.
ℎ(𝑥) ℎ(𝑥) − ℎ(0) [7.] Ahmed Kajouni, Ahmed Chafiki, Khalid Hilal, and
lim = lim
𝑥→0 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑥→0 𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑔(0) Mohamed Oukessou, “A New Conformable Fractional
(𝛽)
Derivative and Applications”, International Journal of
ℎ (𝑥) differential Equations, Volume 2021, Article ID
= lim (𝛽)
𝑥→0 𝑔 (𝑥) 6245435.

𝑒 (𝛽−1)𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= lim
𝑥→0 2𝑒 (𝛽−1)𝑥 𝑥

1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= lim
2 𝑥→0 𝑥
1
= .
2

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