FROG:T.

S, PASSING| THROUGH KIDNEY

Cpmments
.Kidney el adult Pa_is bpisthonephtos.
hene arie twt kidneik, each teepresenting a compeund
tuula qland.
3. NephrtDstomes aHe unnel-ixe structures cemmunicaun
with th coelem tind to the vein v the kidney
Beuomarns capsues one cup-shapesruchnei,centalnina
tuutobleed vessel called os
aemerAUls
5Beuomans capsule und olomerulus are colle cavely calle4
Qs Malpiahian bedy.

Golertilicaton-
Sence, thw seotim kas qlemenulus and Beumani capule,
hence tt ú Ts.d kidnty o heq.
 PERITONEL COVERI NG
CONI NECT|VE TISSUDE
NEPIHROSTOME
BoOMAN' cAPSULE
GqLDMERULUS
REN AL VEIN
RENAL ARTERICS
URINIFERDUS TUBULES

COLLECTING TUBULES

BLOOD VESStLS

pasing thngugh kidney

Ptg-Prug:T.S.
unden lew'magniAcabim
 RABBIT: LS. PASSING THROUG KIDNEY -

Cemmen
I. Kidney is
metanephric,compact,bean -shape4,compound
tebre-periteneal, tubular aland nttached to donsal body wal,
2 Saqtttal section centatns lon destinct poctiens- corter an4
medulla.
3.Cortex has severtal neundeo Bewmans copsuls, Medulla is
Subdividednte Cenical peutens called pyramids
.Cerctes and medulla are' pntirne composed of uinileneus
ubules
5Creups straiqht tubles pass lhom_medula thneuh
he thiexnis el th Centex ertmina midullany tayf
G.Between medullars naus axe the eep cartiecal
pwhakewths, called o Kenal celumneBertini
dentilicatim
incesectim centalns Cetter und medulla-and allabtve
eabunes ,hence tb L.. Kidney e nabbt,
 PRDTECTIVE cOVERIN G
1BROS cAPSDLE
RENAL CDLUMNS DE bpRTINI
BOLPMANS CAPSDLE
2ENAL ARTERY
RENAL VE IN
3DRETER
PELVIS
SpVRAMIDS
MEDULLA
CORTEX
Pi-ARa.bbtL.s passing 1hrough xioney thowing
loo magnftotn
CRetox and medulla under

URINIEERDUS TUBULE

BOWMAN's cAPSULE
6LOMERULUS

8LDOD VESSEL

A
kidney wndn high magnuteatbn
ig-1B)- pactan o
 FROGTS. PASSING TH ROUG TESTIS
Commenti
1.
maede up periteneal eptthelium, tunita albugtnea,
leed vessels intertubulan cannectiv isue and
mespnchium.
a.estis are attached wibh xtdney with mesonchium.
3 Semnidereus tubule h cemprsedageminal epitheltum
whleh 'oives tise t spetemategonia pe)Lpecm mather
cellu.
nterstial cells ane present wrhich secneti male hermene
testostenne, nspensible oru developing secendany
3exual chartncters

Sdertiltcatiom-
inc
Yince sectom Centoins all ahove leaturu, &identLled
RaT.S. testis ot e
 GeRMINA BPITHELIDM
se M)NPERDUS TUBULes

PERITONNEAL EPTHELIUM

0 OD bLOOD VEASeLS
A
TUNICA ALB VGINE
INTERTU BULAR CONNECTIVE
TISSDE
MESORCH1UM

Prtog: T.i passing thnough teihs wnder

Low maghiieatton
 RABBIT: T.S. PASSING THROUgh TeSTIS
Cemmert
1.estis t ceveneq by &enosa and a lbt.eus coat br tunica
albuainea
2At the interjecticn el we semnteneut tubules,cennectve
Esstue, tnterstabial celu , vaceuele and bleed visels are seen
3&emniercou bubules ane stme nutnitive Berteli cells.
1rem' basem.cnt menmbrantt 'nwonds thene aNe
SEvea Kinds e cells- Spertmateqenia, prim.ary
&ptmatRCAts ke Cendany upLIUmbtecyte,spermatiols ard
spetmoatexea ere) splHMs
5 Outt coveting tunica alhugineantensttial cells an4
bteed vesels ane_seen ln T.. o bests ol nabLlt.

4denticontwn
Sncethe sectim centains spenm an all abovee ateres,
htnct tt T,e tests tabbit
 INTERST17IAL CELLS

TUNTCA ERTDLI CELLS

ALBUGINEA LUMEN OF SEMINIrERDUS

O TUBULE
SPERMS
S PERMATIDS

secONDARy SPERMATOCYE
9
PRIMARY sreRMATOCYTES

SPERMATD GONI
GERMINAL EPITHELIUM

CONNECTIVE TISUE

OO BLDOD VE SSEL

Plq-Rabbtl :T.6 o teit undor hiqh magni)ienbian

 BIRDS:T.S, or TEsTIS

CBmment-
Avian tess cempesed e
the uter.me st Layertunlca
three Layens olta,
maddl oyen
tunlca albuuqinea and the imeumast layir is the
unica Yaktulosa.
he wnction e testiculan capsule has speculation pnd
the Lestzulan caps ule nespotue to
Centraction te varieus chernical and electrical mlotim
3Hnica albuginta ouns bulu o testicular coptule ond
scemptsedocollaqen,elastie tbre ond abundat
tbroblas.
9dcrttcatien
Sinct the seckien cantalrns shevt leakurs, tt i tdent]ied
D TS.otertis o birds
 EMNITERDU TUBULE

LeYDIG CE LL
7SPERM

sPERMAT0GONIA

Fig-Blred,: TS.o Tets

 LIZARDT.S. PASSIN6G THRDDGH TESTIS

Comment
The stde o each testis anlses the epldtdymis which
extenels backwartds as a nartuew Cenvelute d vas del erens
BH sptmiduch.
3 Beth the vasa di ntia spen independentby into the
cleacaV a Small papila
3emn eeous tubules ane preesent which invelwed. n
spenmateqenesis und preduco tperms.
h e speliu structunes ane ound uwhach stcndti
testrstrene
5 Blood COnntctove tissues and capilaies are alsoeuna
G Reptilian ducth t e alko called cysue tess

4aentilication
Stncethe suckin centains abeve Peatunts,it& tdentlted
04
TS.e bestis ot Lzord
 CONNECTIVE TISSUE

9ER MINALEPITHELIUM

a.se SeRTOLI CELLS

SEMNIFEROU TUBULE

Fio-lizand: T.S. oHed

 PROG: TS. PASSING THROVGH OVARY

Cement-
here wre twe ovnnles attachud to kidneus by meseVOiumn.
a c h bvany is Cemprsed o 8evenal helew Lebules
Cen.taininq develeping va th vanisus staqu el kevelopment,
cenntctive iun ysong felliel, Bled vessely primany
BBCtBs79euminal eptthelim aund theca
3ach Le'bule is uneunded by theca ecterena,
theca interuna, yelk quanulescykeptasm Bnd hudus
Bvum under htoh maaniteaucn).
.Each Dabule i sulttsunled by theca xterna,theca
interna 4.erminal plthelum, ellularn cells_ and re
in variAu stagu dOYelepmehb.
9dentcatim -&ince, the abbre sectom Centains tra and
mentuentd eatuu, tt is identted as T.S. of evara
 OLLICVLAR CEL

BLDDD vesSELS

OF
OVA IN VARIOUS STAG1ES
DEVELDPMENT

THECA INTERNA
THECA EXTERNA
hERMINAL EPITHELIUM

CONNECT1 VE TISs DE
wndor gk
g-Frsg: 4 pontim oovawy
mannif cats on.
 RABBIT:T.S. PASSING THRDUG4 OVARY
Commenta
1. uteemest layen e peritoneum hich hos cuplcal cellk.
u s t bintath'penit vneum u qeumenal epithelium bounded
by Cennechive tissnue called ostunlca allbnginta
3 tmnal eptthellum ajre nise to eeqonia developtng
&ieles and lymallian ollucl,
MSckiom sheus qeung Yollides ond matune lyalkian
ollleles and corpus luteum
nt erionothe seckon sheusCennective tissues,Lntenstitial
cellu ond hlsed vessels

4eentilicatim-
StnCethe Be.ctubm contalns lynalianlotlicle and all above
Latures, hinte it T.Sesvaty elnaslt.
 TUNICA ALBUGINEA
GERMINAL EPITHELIUM
cURUS LWTEUM
GRAPEIAN FOLLICLE
ypUNG FOLLICLE
00CYTE
STROMA oR) LODKE
CaNINECT)VE TISSUE
BLOOD VESSEL
INTERSTITIAL CELL
o06pN
undar
Pi4-Robbl: T. po ing theueh
evany
ew magqnilication
 im-T stuaay allerent oned ellouent ontonits o Lish.
PrLecedurce
Fox pe stnq heant and altetent brtanthial artentes,
Caet thrtetuah' the pectercal qirndle and remove s
middle petion.axe cartt hot të njm the htant belb).
Remmeve he pericandiuun.

Heart
9t is ado Ns0-ventrally bent musculan tube
centaininoa
cLU ch.Qmberts , namely sinus venests auttids,
ventticle and cenus_attenlesus

Allement bronchial artenit:

ht cenu antertiesus úcentinued oruartd ns ventral
Rerdla nhith aive Hse ti alferent"htanchtal artenies
the ventrral acra tuns up te tho posterier borndtr o the
pharynx. Di stally it divides inte tuo Lnnemi nat artertes.
Eath nneminati anteny again dividt Ente Tallerent
btanehial antens andT Srent bttanchialarten-,1andy
aleent btanchialQrttenes eniqinote directiyrom
H ventnol aorta ot tqual dstoncest4m ¬alhthen.
Hve pairs alcetnt brtarehial artentes supply te live
Rairtsadls
Elenent ranchial autertes:
Pi elerent branchial antornies Alssect the ish em
arpthe rueth phanynd There arne 1 elcnentettanehial
nteniel tn each siki, The 1t11, M-+VY+ ond Vl +YII
ellenent brtanthial auttenyertmeu paits o Leeps.
 C

hxaldy
7411oNVN4143
 The ninth elerent bronchial arbery toinu wth the
YII branchtal arterq.The eLUr leo are cenhected
thqethen b Lengitdnal vks els. Dach loep is cenrtinued
a eplbranchtal antLny. &uch as eptbrt anchtal
artorty,)-tplbranchial anter4 ,2 epihtanchial ant enu
end Yeptbranchial arten4. These eut patrs o
epibrnanchial artenies untl te lertm olorsal acHa

We os have to exQmine some main autenies supplyinq

-the head Such os the olenent upinaculan antery
ubclavian arteny,Couliacometehtoric utteny und
brQnches of dersal aanla.

OXronp