The Ape and the Child: A Study of Environmental Influence Upon the basic problems involved.
lems involved. He conceives of all disease as
Early Behavior. By. W. N. Kellogg, Associate Professor of Psychology,
Indiana University, and L. A. Kellogg. Cloth. Price, $3. Pp. 341, with
100 illustrations. New York & London: Whittlesey House, McGraw-Hill
Book Company, Inc., 1933.
The authors of this work undertook, in order to study the
physiology and psychology of an ape as compared to a child,
to take into their home a young chimpanzee and to rear it
coincidentally with the rearing of a young child. They made
careful observations of the ape's habits, its methods of learning
and the limitations on its abilities as compared to those of the
child, finally bringing forth in their conclusions the advantages
in favor of the child, the advantages in favor of the ape, and
the likenesses between the two. The book is a valuable
contribution in the field of comparative psychology and
anthropology.
Nahrungsmittel-Tabelle zur Aufstellung und Berechnung von Di\l=a"\t-
verordnungen f\l=u"\rKrankenhaus, Sanatorium und Praxis. Von Dr. Hermann
Schall, Leitender Arzt des Kindersanatoriums und des Erholungshelms
Westend f\l=u"\rErwachsene, K\l=o"\nigsfeld (Badischer Schwarzwald). Tenth
edition. Paper. Price, 5.40 marks. Pp. 126. Leipzig : Curt Kabitzsch,
1932.
This is a tabular arrangement, now in its tenth edition, of
all the foods eaten by man, with their contents of protein,
fat, carbohydrates, calories, sodium chloride, purine bases and
water; also tables of age, weight and height, with caloric
requirements, tables of equivalents, vitamins, minerals and simi-
lar data. Indeed, one finds here most of the necessary infor-
mation concerning all the various food substances.
Towards Mental Health: The Schizophrenic Problem. By Charles
Cloth. Price, $1.25. Pp. 110. Cambridge: Harvard
Macfie Campbell.
University Press, 1933.
These three lectures were the Adolph Gehrmann lectures in
at the University of Illinois College of Medicine in
hygiene
1932. The lectures include a consideration of the general field
and special territory, the harmonizing of conflicting trends, and
questions of heredity and environment. For purposes of pub-
lication the author has added a summary. In this summary
the author emphasizes the importance of maintaining the well
being of the organism not only through attention to its physical
aspects but also by adjustment of its conflicting tendencies and
encouragement to the attainment of an independent personality.
Psychoanalysis and Medicine: A Study of the Wish to Fall Ill. By
Karin Stephen, M.A., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Cloth. Price, $2.50. Pp. 238.
New York: Macmillan Company; Cambridge, England: University Press,
1933.
This volume is concerned particularly with the wish to fall
ill\p=m-\inother words, the psychologic basis for illness, which
frequently results in physiologic and pathologic manifestations.
The basis for such illness is obviously conflict and repression.
The manifestations, however, relate apparently to the sexual
nature of the unconscious and to various methods of obtaining
pleasure through bodily organs. The concluding chapter deals
with defense mechanisms and with the use of transference in
treatment.
Grosse \l=A"\rzte: Eine Geschichte der Heilkunde in Lebensbildern. Von
Dr. med. Henry E. Sigerist, Professor an der Johns Hopkins-Universit\l=a"\tin
Baltimore, Maryland. Second edition. Cloth. Price, 10 marks. Pp. 316,
with 69 illustrations. Munich : J. F. Lehmann, 1933.
This is an enlarged edition of the author's work on famous
physicians, in which he gives the biographies of some fifty
important medical men, from Imhotep to William Osler. The
volume is available also in English.
Health and Environment. By Edgar Sydenstricker. Cloth. Price,
$2.50. Pp. 217, with 50 illustrations. New York & London : McGraw-Hill
Book Company, Inc., 1933.
This volume is a reprint of the chapter on the same subject
in the book called Recent Social Trends in the United States.
It has long been recognized by physicians that climate, nutri-
tion, housing, occupation and similar factors were exceedingly
important in relationship to the causation of disease. As a
distinguished statistician long associated with the United States
Public Health Service, Dr. Sydenstricker has had much oppor-
tunity to investigate the definite influences of such factors. So
convinced was Dr. Sydenstricker of the importance of such
influences that he expressed in his minority opinion on the
Report of the Committee on the Costs of Medical Care the
view that the report was inadequate because it failed to touch
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being the result of heredity and environment, and his tendency
is to assign far more importance to environment than to heredity
in the causation of illness. However, the environmental fac-
tors affect chiefly the people in the younger groups and have
little effect on those of advanced years.
Medicolegal
Mandamus to Compel Municipal Judge to Enforce
Sentence Against Chiropractor.—In the municipal court of
Toledo, in March, 1930, twenty-two persons were charged with
practicing a limited branch of medicine and surgery—namely,
chiropractic—without licenses. One of them, Mueller, was
tried, and it was agreed that the others would abide by the
result of his trial. Mueller was found guilty and sentenced to
pay a fine of $25 and costs. On appeal, the court of common
pleas reversed the judgment. Eventually Mueller's case came
before the Supreme Court of Ohio, where his conviction was
affirmed. The judge of the trial court then found all the
remaining defendants guilty and sentenced each one to pay a
fine of $25 and costs. Seven other chiropractors were found
similarly guilty and sentenced in like manner. The trial court,
however, suspended the execution of the sentences that it had
imposed. On the petition of the secretary of the state medical
board, the court of appeals, Lucas County, granted a writ of
mandamus directing that the orders of the court below suspend¬
ing the execution of the sentences be set aside. The defendant
chiropractors thereupon appealed to the Supreme Court of
Ohio.
We are of the opinion, said the Supreme Court, that man¬
damus is the proper remedy by which to compel a court to set
aside and vacate an order suspending the execution of a sen¬
tence made in a criminal case, where the court has exceeded
its authority in making the order. There is, said the Supreme
Court, no statutory authority justifying the suspension of the
execution of sentences previously imposed by a court on con¬
viction of violation of a state law, except as may be necessary
to enable the defendants to perfect appeals or to be placed on
probation. A municipal court has no inherent authority to
suspend the execution of such sentences. The orders made by
the municipal court of Toledo suspending the execution of the
sentences it had imposed were without authority in the first
instance and were therefore void. Being void, they could be
set aside at any time, or stricken from the record and treated
as a nullity, and the original sentences enforced. The judg¬
ment of the court of appeals was therefore affirmed.—Municipal
Court of Toledo v. State ex rei. Platter (Ohio), 184 N. E. 1.
Accident Insurance; Death from Septicemia; Injury
and Infection Not Necessarily Simultaneous.—This was
an action on an insurance policy. The insured accidentally
pricked her thumb with a pin, Friday, April 18. The puncture
caused by the pin remained visible. The soreness increased
and the thumb became red. On the Monday following the
injury the insured was unable to work because of the pain in
her thumb, and on admission to a hospital it was found that
the pain was due to infection. She died on Friday, one week
after the day of the accident. Medical testimony tended to
show that the germs that caused the infection could not have
entered the thumb in the absence of an open sore or wound
and that infection and blood poisoning was a natural result of
the injury which the insured had received. The insurance
policy covered effects resulting directly, and exclusive of all
other causes, from bodily injury sustained through external,
violent and accidental means. It excluded disability due wholly
or in part to disease or bodily infirmity. The trial court
directed a verdict in favor of the defendant, on the theory
that the plaintiff could not recover under the policy because
she had not proved that the pin and the germs entered the
thumb of the deceased at the same time and that therefore she
had failed to show that death was caused directly and exclu¬
sively by accidental means and was not due wholly or partly
to disease. The plaintiff appealed to the Supreme Court of
Rhode Island.