Grade 6 Monthly Problem Sets

Grade
6 Monthly Problem Sets

These Monthly Problem Sets are designed to challenge gifted and talented math students in grade 6.
The problems are also meaningful and challenging for students in grades 7 and 8 who are working at or near grade level.

Notes and Suggestions:
• The problems are organized according to math content strands: Number and Operation; Algebra; Geometry; and Data and
Probability, Ratios and Rates. There is also a General category that develops general problem-solving skills. Problems that
address multiple strands appear under a heading for one of the relevant strands.
• Some problems have many solutions. Others may have no solution.
• When students solve a problem incorrectly, stress the importance of persistence!
• When students solve a problem correctly, encourage them to find another approach!
• Some problems anticipate standards that are typically met late in the school year. A few of them use concepts from grade 7 or 8
standards, especially if the concepts often appear in curriculum earlier than in the standards. Students can solve most of the
problems using grade 6 knowledge, though doing so often requires some real creativity and persistence!
• The problems vary in difficulty. Be prepared—many of them, especially from the later sets, are very challenging and require a lot
of time and determination. Students will typically not complete every problem on the page within one month. Remind them how
much they can learn from a problem even when they are unable to solve it.
• Do not pre-teach rules and procedures just to help students solve a problem. Use the opportunity to encourage students to
develop their own ideas and methods. If necessary, ask guiding questions or save the problem for later in the school year.
• Students should usually be able to work without direct instruction, but they may often get stuck. Encourage them to collaborate!
Ask them to look up unfamiliar vocabulary. Check in with them from time to time to monitor their progress and offer
encouragement.
• Unless otherwise directed, students may usually decide whether to use a calculator. However, they should be able to justify their
decisions. Sometimes, they will learn a lot from solving a problem both with and without a calculator!
• Ask students to write and submit their thinking processes for some of the problems. Read their ideas carefully and offer brief
comments. Your thoughtful comments are highly motivating for students.
© Jerry Burkhart 2018

5280math.com
Grade 6
Monthly Problem Set 1

Number and Algebra (A) Geometry and Data and Probability; General (G)
Operation (NO) Measurement (GM) Ratios and Rates (DR)
! # st
Is of of 9 greater than, Find a rule for the input / What is the length of AB in Janine slept from 9:20 pm If -5 is the 1 number in this
" ! th
less than, or equal to 3? output table. Write the rule the parallelogram below? until 5:35 am. She is making sequence, what is the 87
as an algebraic equation. a circle graph of how her number?
in (x) out (y) time was spent in a 24-hour -5, 3, 11, 19, 27 ...
1 3 5 10 cm
period. Estimate, and then
6 32 12 cm
8 cm calculate the number of Extra: Find an algebraic
th
7 45 degrees in the "sleep" expression for the n
9 77 B
A
portion of her graph. number in the sequence.

Fatima read 30% of her book Give an example to prove Show how to make one cut A sample space is the Insert plus and minus
yesterday and 40% of the that division is not an so that the two pieces may collection of all possible symbols to create the
remaining pages today. She associative operation. be assembled to form a outcomes of a probability number 363. Do it again to
has 84 pages left to read. square. experiment. Find an create the number 1.
How many pages does the organized way to list every
2
book have? member of the sample space 1 2 4 3 8 7 9 5 6
for rolling two six-sided dice.
How many outcomes are
there?

An aquarium weighs 44 kg Show a method to do this Find the largest and smallest There is 50% probability of Use exactly four 3s and no
when it is half full with water calculation mentally. Which sum formed by three faces rain on Saturday and a 50% other digits to create the
and 64 kg when it is three- property are you using that meet at the same vertex probability of rain on number one-eighth. You may
fourths full. How much does (associative, commutative, when this net is folded to Sunday. What is the use the four usual
the aquarium weigh when it or distributive)? Explain. from a cube. probability that it will rain operations along with
3 is empty? over the weekend? exponents, fraction bars,
47 ∙ 86 – 47 ∙ 84 decimal points, negative
2.7
signs, percent symbols,
1.3 4.1 0.2 4.4 parentheses, etc.
1.8


Grade 6
Monthly Problem Set 1 Solutions

2 "
It is equal to 3. y = x – 4 or 15 cm Estimate: a little over of 683
#
y = (x + 2) ∙ (x – 2) the circle, or 120°. Answer:
1 About 124° (123.75) Extra: -5 + 8 ∙ (n – 1) or
Other answers are possible. 8 ∙ n – 13

200 pages Sample solution: Hint: It may be easier to see 12 – 438 + 795 – 6 = 363
(10 ÷ 4) ÷ 2 = 2.5 ÷ 2 = 1.25, the cut if you rotate the 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
but 10 ÷ (4 ÷ 2) = 10 ÷ 2 = 5. shape 45°. 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 1 + 2 – 4 + 3 + 8 – 7 + 9 – 5 –
3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 6 = 1
Students may occasionally 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6
find a case where the 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6 How many other ways can
2 answers are the same. 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,6 you find to make 1?
However, the answer must
always be the same for the There are 36 outcomes.
operation to be associative. Some students may have
other ways to do this,
including tree diagrams.

4 kg 86 – 84 = 2 2 ∙ 47 = 94 Largest sum: 8.4 75%. This assumes that the Possible answers:
The value is 94. This strategy Smallest sum: 6.1 probabilities are
3
uses the distributive independent. In other words, 3 ÷ (3 – 3)
property, which shows how what happens one day does .3 ÷ (3 – .3 – .3)
multiplication and not affect the probability for
3
subtraction (or addition) the other day. There are other ways!
work together.
47 ∙ 86 – 47 ∙ 84 =
47 ∙ (86 – 84)


5280math.com
Grade 6

Explain how to find the value A department store has a Find the circumference of a Estimate the solution. A palindrome is a number
4 4
of 2 ∙ 5 as quickly and sale for 30% off the original circle that has the same area Then calculate the exact such as 56865 that reads the
easily as you can without a price of a shirt. Choose a as a square with side lengths value of u. same forward and backward.
1 calculator. variable and write an of 1.5 meters. How many three-digit
algebraic expression for the 8 12 palindromes are divisible by
=
total cost of the shirt. # 25 3?

What percentage of the Suppose you place n cards A rectangle with whole Once per day, customers at The greatest common factor
square is shaded? face up in a row. Write an number side lengths has an the Ace of Hearts coffee (GCF) of a and b is 12. The
algebraic expression for the area of 156 square shop may draw a card at least common multiple
number of cards you will centimeters. What is the random from a standard (LCM) of a and b is 120. Find
need to make a border with greatest possible perimeter? deck of 52 playing cards. the values of a and b.
face down cards. What is the smallest possible They earn a point toward a
2 perimeter? free coffee if the card is an
ace or a heart. 10 points
earns a free coffee. If Osa
comes every day, about how
long do you think it will take

her to win a free drink?

Find the value of 0.1 ÷ 0.01. f ÷ g = 16 What are the answers to the What is the ratio of the area Is this expression greater or
Explain why your answer question above if the sides of the shaded ring to the less than 1? Write it as a
makes sense. If x = f ÷ 2 and y = g ∙ 10, need not have whole area of the smaller circle? simple fraction (with whole
then what is the value of number lengths? (Units are centimeters.) numbers in the numerator
x ÷ y? and denominator).
3
1
2
3
3 1

2


Grade 6

Use the commutative and If P represents the cost of Approximately 5.3 meters. The solution is slightly 30 three-digit palindromes
associative properties to the shirt, then possible greater than 16 (so that the
rewrite algebraic expressions are fraction will be a little less
#
(2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2) ∙ (5 ∙ 5 ∙ 5 ∙ 5) as P – 0.3 ∙ P than .) The exact value is
1 $
(2 ∙ 5) ∙ (2 ∙ 5) ∙ (2 ∙ 5) ∙ (2 ∙ 5) or $
16 .
0.7 ∙ P. '
4
which equals 10 = 10,000.

A little more than 44% of the 2 ∙ n + 6 or 2 ∙ (n + 3) Smallest perimeter: 50 cm A little over one month There are two answers:
square is shaded. (The exact (for a 13 by 12 rectangle) (16 ÷ 52 ≈ 0.31 points per 12 and 120
*
Largest perimeter: 314 cm day. 10 ÷ 0.31 ≈ 32 days.) 24 and 60
2 answer is 44. 4% or 44 +%.)
(for a 156 by 1 rectangle) The actual time that it takes (It does not matter which
may vary a lot! number in a pair is a or b.)

0.1 ÷ 0.01 = 10 because 0.8 Smallest perimeter: slightly - # #
5 : 4, 5 to 4, , or 1.25 Less than 1, because < .
* ' $
there are 10 groups of 0.01 When you divide f by 2, the less than 50 cm (4 ∙ 156). $
Simple fraction: .
in 0.1. Putting it another quotient becomes half of (Students may look up the
'
#
way, the quotient is always what it was. When you Largest perimeter: There is (Draw a picture to see that
formula for the area of a '
10 when the dividend is 10 divide g by 10, the quotient no limit to how large the circle if necessary.)
$ #
is of . Or multiply the
times greater than the becomes 1 tenth of what it ' $
3 perimeter can be! (Make the numerator and denominator
divisor. was: (16 ÷ 2 ÷ 10 = 0.8). rectangle very "long and by 6.)
Some students may find the skinny.")
answer simply by trying
different numbers for f and
g.


5280math.com
Grade 6

Create a story problem for Find the values of U, V, and Find the sum of the exterior If you roll two fair dice, what After 100, what it is the
6 ÷ ½. Explain why it makes W. angles of an equilateral is the probability that the smallest three-digit number
sense that the quotient is 12. triangle. product of the numbers will having an odd number of
U + V = 10 be prime? factors?
1
V + W = 7
U + W = 4

Jack bought a bike for $215. Find a rule or formula that The two squares have areas Lindsay walks at a steady What is the ones digit of
The bike was on sale from its turns x into y. of 36 and 16 square units. rate to meet her plane at the
usual price of $250. By what Find the area of the shaded !
airport. For the final of the
"
343 + 628 ?
percentage was the price in (x) out (y) trapezoid. walk, she takes a moving
reduced? 0 0 walkway that doubles her
2 6 4 pace. She arrives in 8
10 6 and 2/3 minutes. The walkway is out
21 14 of order when she returns.
150 100 How long does her return

walk take?

Estimate the coordinates of Find the missing value, and A flat-roofed store has a Freya and Gitte are A ball is dropped. Each time
the three points, and write write an algebraic expression height of 20 feet. The floor roommates. Freya earns it bounces, it returns to half
at least two true equations for a ¬ b using familiar looks like this. $1800 per month and Gitte its previous height. The ball
that contain each number operations. Is ¬ a earns $2100 per month. bounces four times and
exactly once. (Use number commutative operation? They plan to share expenses returns to the ground before
sense instead of a Explain. proportionally to their someone stops it. If the ball
3 calculator!) income. If their total rent has travelled a total of 26
4 ¬ 3 = 7 21 = 5 ¬ 2 and utilities are $1100 per feet 10 inches, how high was
56 = 9 ¬ 5 2 ¬ 4 = –12 180 ft month, and their combined it when it was dropped?
0 1 -19 = 9 ¬ 10 6 ¬ 6 = 0 food costs for the month are

? = 11 ¬ 8 Estimate the store's volume $525, how much should each
and surface area. person pay for each
expense?


Grade 6

Story: You have 6 cups of U = 3.5 360° ! 121 (Its only factors are 1, 11
or approximately 16.7%
#
apple juice. If each person V = 6.5 and 121.)
!
gets of a cup, how many W = 0.5 (120° + 120° + 120°) There are 36 outcomes in
"
people can you serve? the sample space. 6 of these Square numbers )and square
! are in the desired event numbers only) have an odd
1 6 ÷ " = 12, because there are number of factors. Can you
! {1, 2; 2, 1; 1, 3; 3, 1; 1, 5;
12 groups of in 6 (In other 5, 1} see why?
"
words, 6 is 12 times greater
!
than ).
"

The price was reduced by There are many possibilities! 11.2 square units 12 minutes 3
14%. (Notice that Lindsey spends
y = x ÷ 3 ∙ 2 y = x ∙ 2 ÷ 3 the same amount of time on Look at patterns in the ones
2
y = x ∙ " y = x ÷ 1.5 each part of her walk to the digits for powers of 3 and
%
plane!) powers of 6.

0.8, 0.1, and 0.08 (from right ? = 57 Volume: about 486,000 cu ft Freya: $507.69 for rent and 9 feet 4 inches
2 2
to left) are reasonable values a ¬ b = a – b , or Surface area: about 63,000 $242.31 for food. (or 112 inches)
that are practical to work a ¬ b = (a + b) ∙ (a – b) sq ft
with. Gitte: $592.31 for rent and
Three possible equations: ∆ is not a commutative Students' answers will vary $282.69 for food.
operation because a ¬ b since they are estimates.
3
0.8 ∙ 0.1 = 0.08 does not always equal b ¬ a.
0.08 ÷ 0.8 = 0.1 (In fact, a ¬ b is always the (Note: The surface area
0.08 ÷ 0.1 = 0.8 opposite of b ¬ a. includes the floor and the
Mathematicians call it anti- ceiling.)
commutative!)


5280math.com
Grade 6

Place these values in their Write the expression Write algebraic expressions Maalik's family is on You have eight coins that are
approximate positions on a – (b – c) as an equivalent for the measures of angles 1, vacation. Using the identical except that one
the number line. expression without 2, and 3. Explain your stopwatch on his phone, weighs less than the others.
parentheses. Support your thinking. Maalik finds that it takes 3 Using a balance scale, how
(A) 3/10 of 48% answer by choosing values minutes and 40 seconds to can you find the light coin in
(B) 1/7 for a, b, and c, and travel between mile markers just two weighings?
1
(C) 45% of 1/3 evaluating the expression. 1 2 47 and 51. If they leave the
3
a° car on cruise control, how
long will it take them to
0.14 0.15 arrive at the next town 38

miles away?

The prime factorization of m Whether you multiply me by Draw a quadrilateral that (1) A reduced fat brand of milk If R = 60 and T = 100, find the
4 2 2
is 2 ∙ 7 ∙ 13 . The prime 6 or add me to 6, the answer has one pair of opposite claims to have 75% less fat product of the least common
factorization of n is is the same. What number right angles and (2) is not a than whole milk. The multiple and the greatest
3 2
2 2 ∙ 11 ∙ 13. Use exponents am I? parallelogram. What can you reduced fat milk contains common factor of R and T.
to write the prime say about the other two 0.9% fat. What percentage
factorization of m ∙ n. angles? of the whole milk is fat?

& %&
Which number can be made " = $% = $ Draw a two-dimensional 80% of the students at a N is a 3-digit number abc
closer (but not equal) to one figure that has a very large fundraiser are from Claire's (where a, b, and c represent
half: a decimal containing a, b, and c are equal to 2, 3, perimeter and a small area. school. When fourteen the digits). When the last
exactly four digits that are all and 4 in some order. (All Fit it within a box about the people from her school leave digit c is moved from the end
different, or a fraction three numbers are size of the one that holds for a band concert, the to the beginning of the
3 containing exactly four digits different.) How many this problem. percentage decreases to numeral, the value of N
that are all different? different values can E have? 62.5%. How many people increases by 369. How does
Challenge yourself to use What are the two smallest are at the fundraiser now? the value of N change when
only mental math (and some values? you move the beginning digit
estimation). a to the right end instead?


Grade 6

a – b + c angle 1: 180 – a° About 35 minutes Put three coins on each side.
Example: angle 2: a° If they balance, then weigh
0.14 B A 0.15
C If a = 10, b = 4 and c = 2 then angle 3: 180 – a° the other two coins to see
a – (b –c) = 10 – (4 – 2) = 8 which one is lighter. If they
Values:
a – b + c = 10 – 4 + 2 = 8 Angles 1 and 3 both combine do not balance, choose any
A: 0.144
1 Encourage students to with the given angle to make two coins from the lighter
B: approx. 0.1429
choose some negative values a straight angle (180°). Angle side. If they balance, the
C: 0.15
for a, b, or c if they know 2 combines with angle 1 (or light coin is the other one. If

how to add and subtract 3) to make a straight angle. not, choose the lighter one!
negative numbers! (There are other methods.)

The prime factorization of 1.2 You can't draw rectangles, 3.6% 6000 (20 ∙ 300)
7 2 2 3
m ∙ n is 2 ∙ 7 ∙ 11 ∙ 13 . because they are
6 + 1.2 = 7.2 parallelograms! If the fat content is reduced Notice that 6000 is also the
(Can you see an easy way to 6 ∙ 1.2 = 7.2 by 75%, then 25% of the product of R and T!
find this?) original amount remains.
2
The original amount must be
4 times greater.
The other two angles are
supplementary. (They have a 0.9% ∙ 4 = 3.6%
sum of 180°.)
.5012 is closer to one half E can have five different A sample drawing: 16 people The value of N increases by
"# "# & values. The two smallest are 306.
than is, because is
$% $% $%
greater than one half, and 65,536 and 262,144. (There
& would have been six values Possible values of N are
> 0.01 (Why?).
$% except for the fact that 145, 256, 367, 478, and 589.
3
4 2
2 = 4 . The two smallest What patterns do you see?
By the way, the decimal for values come from using
&
is very cool. Try it! a = 4. The two largest values,
$%
which come from a = 2, are
enormous!)


5280math.com
Grade 6

4 2
If Q = 3 ∙ 7 , then what is the Create a real-world situation A triangle's base increases by Raul read 66 pages of his What is the smallest three-
prime factorization of to match this algebraic 10%, and its height book today, which is about digit abundant number? (A
21 ∙ Q? expression: decreases by 10%. By what 22% more than he read number is abundant if the
C + 0.18 ∙ C percentage does its area yesterday. How many pages sum of its factors—not
1
Extra: What is the prime Extra: Rewrite it as an increase or decrease? did he read yesterday? including itself—is greater
2
factorization of Q ? equivalent expression using than the number.)
only one operation.

"
Insert the correct relational Solve the equations = 2 Draw a pentagon containing If you draw one card at 113 à 53 251 à 810
#
symbol (<, >, or =) to make " four interior right angles. random from a standard 384 à 1596 1001 à 20
the statement true: and = 3. Explain your deck of 52 playing cards,
&
2 thinking. what is the probability that it 479 à ?
30% of 70% ___70% of 30% will be black or will not be a ? à 1240
face card?

Jared and Annie collect ( If a 10-inch (diameter) pizza If you choose three different Copy this drawing, and color
If + ÷ - = , what is the
)
marbles. Between them, value of a ÷ 0.25b? Explain costs $8.50, what should be numbers from the list 1, 2, 3, it so that no region touches a
they have 247 marbles. They your thinking. the cost of a 12-inch pizza? 4, 5, what is the probability region of the same color
bring some of their marbles that you will be able to form along an edge. Use the
to school to show each a triangle using the three fewest colors possible.
( numbers as side lengths?
other. Jared brings of his
)
marbles. Annie brings
3 ) of hers. When they get to
*
school, they discover that
they have each brought the
same number of marbles!
Who has the larger marble
collection? How much larger
is it?


Grade 6

Number and Algebra (A) Geometry and Measurement Data and Probability; General (G)
Operation (NO) (GM) Ratios and Rates (DR)
5 3
21 ∙ Q = 3 ∙ 7 Sample situation- C: cost of The area decreases by 1%. Raul read about 54 pages. 102
2 8 4
Q = 3 ∙ 7 a restaurant meal without For example, if b = 30 and h =
the tip. Expression: the total 40, then A = 600, and if b = 33 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 + 17 + 34 + 51 =
Notice that 21 ∙ Q has one cost of the meal with an and h = 36, then A = 594, 114
1
additional factor both 3 and 18% tip. Equivalent which is 1% less than 600.
7, because 21 = 3 ∙ 7. expression: 1.18 ∙ C How can you prove that this 114 is greater than 102.
is true for all triangles?

= $ $ %'
" = or 0.5 & = or 0. 3 No solution: The sum of the or about 88.5% 20252
% ' %+
Some students may think interior angles of a pentagon One method: number of 1452 (How many answers
Both are equal to 21%. that there is no solution. A is 540. 90° ∙ 4 = 360°, and blacks + number of non-face are possible?)
Some students may use 10% sample explanation (of 540° – 360° = 180°, so the – number that are both The first part of the answer
as a benchmark. (For many possible): When a remaining angle would have = 40 + 26 – 20 = 46. is the sum of the digits of the
2 example, 10% of 70% is 7%, fraction equals 2, the to be straight! (The polygon 46 23 original number. The last
etc.) Some may use pictures. numerator is always twice would need a sixth side in = part of the answer is the
52 26
the denominator. order to "close up.") Another method: product of the digits of the
52 – number of red face original number.
cards = 52 – 6 = 46, etc.

Annie’s collection has 13 0 % $12.24 (not $10.20) The probability is 30%. Here is a way to do it with
or 2
' '
more marbles than Jared’s three colors. Is it possible to
(130 compared to 117). Multiplying the divisor by Hint: The amount of pizza is There are 10 ways to choose do it with two?
0.25 makes it one-fourth of determined by area, not 3 numbers from the list. 3 of
its original value. When the length. 10 inches and 12 these (bold) can form a
divisor becomes one-fourth inches are length triangle.
3 as large, the quotient measurements, not area. 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 4 1, 2, 5
become four times larger 1, 3, 4 1, 3, 5 1, 4, 5
(because the divisor “fits Some students may suggest a 2, 3, 4 2, 3, 5 2, 4, 5
into” the dividend four small reduction in price from 3, 4, 5
times as many times). $12.24 to encourage Can you find a fast way to
customers to buy a larger tell which sets of numbers How carefully must you copy
pizza. can form a triangle? the drawing?


5280math.com
Grade 6

The greatest common factor Which expression does not Estimate the area and The speed of light is Explain the error in this
8
of a and b is 14. The least belong? Why? perimeter. approximately 3 x 10 thinking process:
common multiple of a and b a ⋅b a b meters per second. A typical 2⋅a + b 2⋅a + b
is 420. Find the values of a a⋅ person’s hair grows about ½ =
1
and b.
c b⋅c c inch per month. Use a ratio a+b a+ b
a a to compare speed of light to 2⋅a 2⋅ a
⋅b = = =2
c÷b c
the speed of hair growth.
a a
(Use a calculator as needed!)
Write a fraction/whole For n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 A prism has right-triangular PQST is a parallelogram. The Use a compass and a
number division equation for graph the number of bases with side lengths of 3 ! protractor to draw an
length PQ is of QR.
"
this picture. Then write and “missing circles”, M (output), cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm. S
accurate enlargement of this
T
answer an “equal sharing” vs the picture number, n design.
story problem for your (input), and find a formula. (1) If the volume of the h
3
equation and the picture. prism is 576 cm , what is its
P Q R
n=1 surface area?
2
(2) If you shrink the prism to (1) Use a ratio to compare
n=2
create a similar prism with a the areas of PQST and
3
volume of 9 cm , what is the triangle QRS.

new surface area? (2) Suppose that the area of Draw more copies, joining
n=3 2
The large rectangle trapezoid PRST is 65 cm . them to create a figure with
represents one whole. What can you say about QR rotational symmetry.
and h?
Write the exact solution to Find a simpler algebraic The points are the centers of If you roll two standard 6- If the cube root of N is
this equation in decimal and expression that always gives the three regular nonagons. sided dice, what is the between 400 and 900, what
fraction form. Do not use a the same answer as What is the measure of the probability that one number whole numbers must the
calculator. 4 ⋅ x2 − 1 marked angle? will be a factor of the other? square root of N be
3 between? Use as much
2⋅ x −1 mental math as you can! Try
1 -
∙ 0.375 = 0. 1 ∙ + (except when , = ). not to use a calculator.
3 .


Grade 6

There are four solutions. The best answer is probably Area: approximately 15.5 The speed of light is about It does not make sense to
Encourage students to find ! square units.
16
6 x 10 (or 60 quadrillion) “cross out” b, because this

as many as they can and to "∙$ Perimeter: a little less than times faster than the rate at means subtracting the same
look for patterns! because it is not equivalent 19 units. which human hair grows. Or number from the numerator
to the others. (It does not comparing the other way: and denominator, which
1 always give the same
a = 14 b = 420 Ask students to discuss their your hair grows at about one changes the value of the
a = 28 b = 210 answer as the others. The strategies! 60 quadrillionth of the speed fraction. (Actually, if you
a = 42 b = 140 one with the division of light. substitute numbers for a and
a = 84 b = 70 symbol does!) b, the answer will never be 2
unless b = 0!)
2
15 Surface area: 1164 cm (1) The area of PQST is 1.6
% * M 2
Equation: ÷ 4 = New surface area: 72.75 cm times the area of QRS, or
& + -

10
Notes: the area of QRS is of the
.
Sample story: After a race, - The height of the original area of PQST.
5
% prism was 96 cm.
2 four runners share & of a - The side lengths of the
gallon of water equally. How (2) QR and h can have many
1 2 3 4 5 n 6
bases of the new prism are
many gallons does each Possible formulas: *
values, but their product
0.75, 1, and 1.25 ( as long as must always equal 50.
*
racer get? ( of a gallon) M = n ∙ (n – 1) ÷ 2 ,
+ 2 the original side lengths.)
M = (n – n) ÷ 2 Are other answers possible?

Note: Be sure that students 2 ∙ x + 1 160° ** Between 8,000 and 27,000
or about 61%
*.
notice the repeating bar Students will probably need There are 36 outcomes in
over the 1. Why doesn’t it give the to find measures of the the sample space. 22 of
/ same answer when nonagons’ interior angles at
1.125 them (in bold) are favorable.
. *
4 = ? some point. 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
%
3 Ideas: Think of one or both Would the nonagons form a 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6
decimals as fractions. (Since “ring” if you continued the 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6
* pattern? If so, how many of 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6
= 0. 3…, what is a fraction
&
them would it take? Why? 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 6,5
for 0. 1…?) 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,6


5280math.com
Grade 6

Solve for x. Estelle has finished 16 of the The area of the circle is 81π A spinner has three colors: Which two of these
2
M questions on her test. units . It is divided into 6 red, blue, and yellow. The expressions are equal? How
1 8 How many more questions equal parts. What is the red and blue sectors are the do you know?
= 2000 3000 4500
3 29 must she answer in order to perimeter of the shaded same size. If you spin twice, 5 3 2
1+ 1500 1500 2500
1+$ )
complete of the test? Show region in terms of π? the probability that one spin 6 8 4
1 *
will be red and the other will
(Suggestion: Experiment two ways to write the
algebraic expression: be blue is 8%. What is the Bonus: Order the
with fractions and decimals measure of the yellow expressions from least to
if you like, but it may easier (1) Multiply, then subtract.
(2) Subtract, then divide. sector’s central angle? greatest.
to think of x as a fraction.)

C is an even number, and D The largest faces of three A faucet drips once every 5 The nine factors of 36 are
Let + = 0.23. is an odd number. For what identical rectangular prisms seconds into a bathtub of arranged in a 3 by 3 grid so
possible values of C and D having whole number side (inner) dimensions L: 54”, that every row and column
Write 10% of X as a fraction will the expression lengths are joined to create W:23”, and D:15”. A typical has the same product. What
2 2
in simplest form. C – C ∙ D + D a new rectangular prism drop of water has a volume is this product?
2 3
be an even number? Explain whose volume is 10,455 cm . of about 0.25 milliliters.
your reasoning. What are the dimensions of About how long does it take
the new prism? How much to fill the tub?
surface area is lost when
they are joined?
In this problem, you explore Find one or more algebraic ABCD is a parallelogram. Madar is driving from his Can the multiplicative
what happens when you add expressions that show a house to the store and from inverse (reciprocal) of a real
the same number to a shortcut for calculating the D P C there to work. He has number ever equal the
numerator and a sum of N consecutive whole 100° traveled 75% of the way to additive inverse (opposite)
denominator. Suppose that numbers beginning with 30. the store, which is 40% of his of the number? If so, give an
3 p, q, and n are all natural
A B
total travel distance. Which example. If not, explain why
numbers. Then of the two parts of his trip is not.
/+0
longer? Use a ratio to
What is the relationship
1+0 compare the lengths of the
is always between ____ and between ∠DAP and ∠CBP?
two parts.
____. Explain your thinking.

Grade 6

4500 1500
1 &
(1) ∙ * − 1 6π + 36 units 216° 2 = 8
!= (
7 (2) (* − 48) ÷ 3 To see why, imagine writing
out all 4500 2s and putting
& What will happen if Estelle
Hint: % and are reciprocals
' has already answered more them into groups of 3.
1500 1500
1 of each other (even when a & Bonus: (1) 6 (2) 8 and
than of the questions? Will 4500 2000 3000
is not a whole number) ( 2 (3) 5 (4) 3 and
the expressions give you
2500
(5) 4 Hint: Arrange the
any useful information? factors of each number in
500 identical groups.
2
The expression will not New dimensions: 15 cm by About 71 days 216
(33
There are many strategies: represent an even number 17 cm by 41 cm.
2
(1) Begin with 10 ∙ X. for any whole number Lost surface area: 2788 cm It would actually take longer, If you haven’t already, try to
(2) Write the decimal over values of C and D. because this calculation does create the 3 by 3 grid!
2
2 10 and create equivalent C and C∙D are always even. Four faces are “lost” when not take evaporation into
2
fractions. D is always odd. the three prisms are joined. account.
2
(3) Compare to the decimal even – even + odd = odd 17 ∙ 41 ∙ 4 = 2788 cm
&
for , etc.
(

4+6 There are many correct ∠DAP and ∠CBP have sum of The trip from Madar’s house No. A real number and its

7+6 expressions. Examples: 100°. to the store is a little longer reciprocal always have the
8
is between and 1. ;−1 &
(1 times as long) than his same sign (positive or
9 30 + ∙ ; 2
2 trip from the store to work. negative), because their
60 + ; − 1 product equals 1. Opposites
Must p, q, and n be natural ∙ ; Or: His trip from the store to
2 2 always have opposite signs
numbers for this to be true? ;(; − 1) work is as long as the trip
3 30 ∙ ; + @ (except for 0, which does not
2 from his house to the store. have a reciprocal).
Does it matter whether Can you compare the two
p < q or p > q?
What is the sum of ; parts of his trip using a Note: There is actually a pair
consecutive whole numbers difference instead of a ratio? of imaginary numbers that
starting with >? works (A and −A).

5280math.com
Grade 6

Find the prime factorization Suppose that This is a rhombus. Explain Gail, who is 4’9’’ tall, is The price of a coat jumps
5 3
of 6 ∙ 14 ∙ 9. Write your a ∆ b = a+b why it must also be a square. standing next to her older 60% when winter arrives. By
answer in exponential form. sister in a photo. In the what percentage must the
a † b = (a − b)
2
photo, Gail is 2.5 inches tall price drop in order to return
1 #
and her sister is 3 ” tall. to its original value? (Be
Solve this equation. #$
careful! The answer is not
2 ∆ ( 3 † x ) = 1 12 How tall is her sister?
60%.)

Draw a line segment. Name Show at least four ways to Design a home aquarium The probability of drawing a What is the sum of the first
#
its length %. Then draw a use a calculator to find the with a volume of about 1.6 red marble from a bag is . 100 digits in this pattern?
3 (
segment with a length of decimal for ft that uses between 1000 The probability of drawing Explain your thinking.
'
% ÷ . Make a real-world 3∙7 1100 square inches of glass.
( red, replacing it, and then
5 ∙ 11 The top of the aquarium is # 2221222112222111222221111…
2 story to fit your picture and drawing yellow is . Three of
' using only the numbers, 3, 5, not made of glass. (Be sure ,
the expression % ÷ . 7, and 11 and the keys x, ÷, the marbles in the bag are
( that your measurements are
and =. (No parentheses) realistic for an aquarium. neither red nor yellow. How
Feel free to use a calculator.) many marbles are in the
bag?
What are the next five X = – (c – a) – b M is the midpoint of %-. A snail travels 30 mm in Chiron picked a number,
ordered pairs in this Describe or show the Find or estimate the ratio of straight line. It moves 6 mm multiplied it by a, and then
pattern? (Read the pairs location of X on the number the area of triangle EMB to per minute for the first half subtracted b. When he
across then down—the way line as accurately as you can. the area of square ABCD. of the distance. Then it gets started with the same
you read a book.) Explain. D C
tired and travels 4 mm per number and multiplied it by
(0, 0) (0 ,0.25) minute the rest of the way. A b and then subtracted a, he
(-0.25, 0) (-0.5, -0.25) c a 0 b
second snail travels the got the same answer. What
3
(-0.25, -0.25) (0, -0.25) same distance in the same can you say about the
(0.25, -0.25) (0.25, 0) Bonus: Would the location of amount of time, moving at a number that he started
(0.25, 0.25) (0.25, 0.5) X change if you moved ‘0’ to E constant rate. How fast did with?
(0.25, 0.75) (0, 0.5) a different place on the line the second snail travel?
(-0.25, 0.25) (-0.5, 0) but left a, b, and c where A B

M
they are?
Hint: Plot the points!

© Jerry Burkhart
Grade 6

28 ∙ 37 ∙ 73 1
"=2
Hint: You can use marked Her sister is about 5’10” tall. The price must drop by
2 angles to explain why the 37.5%. (It does not matter
How can you find this rhombus’ angles must be 90°. what the original price was.)
answer without first writing
1
the number in standard
form?

A 3 Sample answers: There are many possible 12 155
A÷ 4 3 ∙ 7 ÷ 5 ÷ 11 answers. Some possibilities: The pattern has:
3 ÷ 5 ∙ 7 ÷ 11 *
Hints: of the marbles in the 1 two and 0 ones
Challenge students not to W: 20” D: 11” H: 13” )
2 twos and 1 one
3 ÷ 11 ∙ 7 ÷ 5 bag must be red. In order for
use a specific number for the 2
glass: 1026 in 3 twos and 2 ones, etc.
length, just the meaning of 7 ÷ 5 ÷ 11 ∙ 3 3 the probability of ‘red then
2 In each answer, you must volume: 1.66 ft * There are many other
division by a fraction. yellow’ to be , half of the
start with or multiply by 3 W: 24” D: 9” H: 13” + patterns that students may
Students should create a 2
Glass: 1074 in marbles in the bag must use, including some that
( and 7, and you must divide
story making & ÷ be the Volume: 1.625 ft
3 must be yellow. involve square numbers and
) by 5 and by 11. You may do
( the sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, 14…
number that A is of. these things in any order.
)

* )
(-0.75, -0.25) (-1, -0.5) distance
The area of triangle EMB is 4.8 (or 4 ) millimeters per Chiron started with the
between *, .
(-0.75, -0.5) (-0.5, -0.5) a and c of the area of square ABCD. minute number -1.
(-0.25, -0.5)
c a 0 b X
The pairs make a right- The key fact is that (using MB Why does it make sense that
b
triangular spiral. Challenge students to use as the base) the height of the answer is not the average of
1
3 the meanings of subtraction *
triangle is of a side length of 4 and 6? How could you
and opposite instead of (
the square Students may have predicted it would be
using numbers. closer to 4 than to 6?
-1 1 estimate this. Some may be
Bonus: Yes, X would move
able to explain why (perhaps
twice as far and in the same
using similar triangles).
-1 direction as you move 0.)


5280math.com
Grade 6

Two years ago, the volume Write an algebraic equation Lizzie builds a 3D shape by ! Draw 5 lines through a circle
Oji runs as far as Arpita.
"
of water in a reservoir for T in terms of G and F. joining congruent cubical # to create a many regions as
Grace runs as far as Arpita.
dropped by 20%. Last year, it G F T blocks face-to-face. The $ possible. What is the
dropped by 50% of what was 10 10 14.4 blocks have whole number How far does Oji run greatest possible number of
left. By what percentage of 10 20 18.8 side lengths greater than 1 compared to Grace? regions?
1 its current amount must the 10 30 23.2 cm. The volume of the shape
3
volume of the reservoir 20 10 24.4 is 8918 cm , and its surface
2
increase in order to return to 20 20 28.8 area is 2646 cm . Describe or
its original volume? 20 30 33.2 draw the shape. Include the
Extra: If T = 23.68, what are important measurements.
G and F?
3
% and & have a difference of Calculate using mental math. The shorter segments are An 1108 in kitchen sink fills You have $1.15 in coins, but
3
15. What can you say about Explain your thinking. Name sides of a regular 16-gon. in 151 seconds. A 7.4 ft tub you cannot make change for
5
the greatest common factor the properties that you used. Calculate the measure of ∠3. fills in 9 minutes. How a dollar, half-dollar, quarter,
#
2 (GCF) of % and &? What dime, or nickel. What coins
many times faster is the tub
happens if the difference of 864 0.8 − 864(0.3) do you have (and how many
x faucet’s flow rate compared
% and & is a prime number? 0.36 20 + 0.64(20) to that of the kitchen faucet? of each)?
Use each digit 7, 8, and 9 A formula for the period of a M and N are midpoints of Jessica spins a spinner four Show a way to cut and
(and no others) exactly one pendulum (the time for one the sides of the rectangle. times hoping to land on red rearrange the two smaller
time per number to make as complete oscillation) is Write an algebraic formula four times in a row. She squares to make the large
many mixed numbers and 9 for the area (A) of the repeats this experiment square.
6 = 28 .
improper fractions as you : shaded triangle in terms of many times. If she hits all
can. Order them from least 6 is the period (secs), ; is the lengths, a and b, of the four reds in about 13% of
to greatest. the length of the pendulum rectangle’s sides. her experiments,
3
(ft), and g is the acceleration M approximately what fraction
Extra: What are the two caused by Earth’s gravity (ft of the spinner is red?
closest different numbers in per sec per sec). Using a 9- b

N
the list? inch pendulum, you measure
a period of 0.96 seconds.
a
Calculate the acceleration
caused by Earth’s gravity.


Grade 6

150% ! = # + 0.44 ∙ ) The shape is a cube with . You can make at most 16
Oji runs as far as Grace.
/
After the volume decreases Note: This formula is from three blocks per side and one Suggest that students draw a regions. Notice the star!
by 20%, 80% remains. When basketball. ! stands for corner block missing. Each picture. See if they can think 3
this decreases by 50%, 40% True Shooting Attempts block is 7 cm on a side. The 2 5
of splitting it into 15 equal 1 4 6
of the original amount (TSA); # represents Field “almost cube” contains 26 parts. (A few students may 8
10
12
1 remains. The volume needs Goals Attempted (FGA); and blocks, and the lengths of its 7
discover the idea of dividing: 9 11 13
to increase by 60% of the ) represents Free Throws (full) sides are 21 cm. 0 3 .
original amount, which is Attempted (FTA). Hint: It may help to start by ÷ = . Ask them why it 14 15
1 . / 16
150% of the current amount Extra: # = 14; ) = 22 finding the prime makes sense to do this!)

of 40% (1.5 times as much). Are other answers possible? factorization of 8918. Can you make 22 regions
with six cuts? Try it!
The GCF of 4 and 5 must be 21.6 33.75° The tub faucet’s flow rate is You have a half-dollar, a
one of the numbers 1, 3, 5, Use the distributive Interior 16-gon angle: about 3.14 times faster than quarter, and four dimes.
or 15 (a factor of 15). If the property twice to get 180° • (16 – 2) / 16 = 157.5° the kitchen faucet’s flow (This is the only possible
2 difference is a prime 864(0.5) 432 216 157.5° • 3 = 472.5° rate. (It is a complete answer. How can you be
= =
number, then 4 and 5 will 1(20) 20 10 Interior pentagon angle sum: coincidence that this sure?)
have only two possible GCFs: = 21.6 180 • (5 – 2) = 540° number is approximately
1 or that number. (540° – 472.5°)/2 = 33.75° equal to π!)
From least to greatest: About 32 ft/sec/sec* 1 1 Approximately 3/5 There are many ways! Hint:
G = ∙ 4 ∙ 5 or G = 45
H H
7=>, 7>= , ?=
>
, 8 ?
>
, 8 > =?
,
? >
, Most students will guess Imagine splitting the spinner Consider repositioning the

?>
and test values for g. Some Areas into 5 equal parts and smaller square first.
= 9?=, 9=?, >? , => , >=
= = ? ? may think backwards: coloring 3 of them red.
The two closest numbers are (1) Divide ! (0.96 sec) by 2E Rectangle: 45 D Count each sector as a
?>
and 9?=, because they are Upper-left triangle: I45
= (2) Square the result separate outcome.
3 equal, but the two closest Lower triangle: DI45
(3) Take the reciprocal There are 5×5×5×5 = 625
different numbers are ?= and (4) Multiply by F (0.75 ft) Upper-right triangle: D=45
> outcomes in the sample
8?> (with a difference of D>). *A falling objects’ speed Shaded triangle: space and 3×3×3×3 = 81
K K K 1
increases by about 32 ft per 45 − 345 − 345 − H45 = H45 outcomes in the event.
second every second. 81 ÷ 625 = 0.1296 ≈ 13%


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Grade 6 Monthly Problem Sets

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6 Monthly Problem Sets

© Jerry Burkhart 2018

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© Jerry Burkhart 2018

© Jerry Burkhart 2018

© Jerry Burkhart 2018

© Jerry Burkhart 2018

© Jerry Burkhart 2018

© Jerry Burkhart 2018

© Jerry Burkhart 2018

© Jerry Burkhart 2018

© Jerry Burkhart 2018

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