Therapeutic Effects

Drug features Nursing Responsibilities

Indication Contraindication Desired Untoward
Generic Name:  Chronic stable  Contraindicated Relaxes the CNS:  Monitor BP
Amlodipine besylate angina, in patients blood headache, frequently during
vasospastic hypersensitive vessels and somnolence, initiation of therapy.
Brand Name: angina to drug. lowers fatigue, Because drug-
Norvasc (Prinzmetal or blood dizziness induced vasodilation
variant angina);  Use cautiously pressure, has a gradual onset,
Therapeutic Class: to reduce risk of in patients and CV: edema, acute hypotension is
Antihypertensives hospitalization receiving other increases flushing, rare.
because of peripheral the supply palpitations
Pharmacologic Class: angina; to vasodilators, of blood and  Notify prescriber if
Calcium channel blockers reduce risk of especially oxygen to GI: nausea, signs of HF occur,
coronary those with the heart abdominal such as swelling of
Prescribed Dosage: revascularization severe aortic while pain hands and feet or
5 mg procedure in stenosis or reducing its shortness of breath.
patients with hypertrophic workload. Respiratory:
Route: recently cardiomyopathy pulmonary
PO documented with outflow edema,  Alert: Abrupt
CAD by tract dyspnea withdrawal of drug
Frequency: angiography and obstruction, may increase
Once daily without HF or and in patients Skin: frequency and
with LVEF less with HF with pruritus rash duration of chest
than 40%. reduced LVEF. pain. Taper dose
 HTN Use cautiously gradually under
and in reduced medical supervision.
dosage in
patients with
severe hepatic
disease.
 Therapeutic Effects
Drug features Nursing Responsibilities
Indication Contraindication Desired Untoward
Generic Name: This Patients with: It may be used to treat A very serious  May cause cardiac
Calcium Carbonate + combination  sarcoidosis conditions caused by allergic reaction to arrest and
Vitamin D3 medication  increased low calcium levels this drug is rare. arrhythmias
is used to activity of the such as bone loss However, seek  Monitor
Brand Name: prevent or parathyroid (osteoporosis), weak immediate medical hemodynamics
Calciday treat low gland bones attention if you  May causes
blood  a high (osteomalacia/rickets) notice any hypotension,
Therapeutic Class: calcium amount of , decreased activity of symptoms of a bradycardia, and
levels in calcium in the parathyroid gland serious allergic arrhythmias
Pharmacologic Class: people who urine (hypoparathyroidism), reaction, including:  Hypercalcemia can
do not get  high amount and a certain muscle rash, increase risk for
Prescribed Dosage: enough of calcium in disease (latent itching/swelling digoxin toxicity
1,500 mg calcium the blood tetany). (especially of the  Instruct pt on foods
from their  dehydration face/tongue/throat) that contain Vitamin
Route: diets.  constipation , severe dizziness, D and encourage
PO trouble breathing. adequate intake
 kidney stones
 decreased  Monitor parathyroid
Frequency: hormone
kidney
Once daily
function
 Therapeutic Effects
Drug features Nursing Responsibilities
Indication Contraindication Desired Untoward
Generic Name:  Fibromyalgia  Contraindicate May CNS: ataxia,  Alert: Monitor
Pregabalin  Diabetic d in patients contribute to dizziness, patient for signs
peripheral hypersensitive analgesic and somnolence, and symptoms of
Brand Name: neuropathy to drug or its anticonvulsant tremor, abnormal angioedema
Seramax Forte  Neuropathic components. effects by gait, abnormal (including swelling
pain  Use cautiously binding to thinking, amnesia, of face, mouth, and
Therapeutic Class: associated in patients with sites in CNS. anxiety, asthenia, neck), which may
Anticonvulsant with spinal NYHA Class III confusion, fatigue, compromise
cord injury or IV HF. depersonalization, breathing.
Pharmacologic Class:  Postherpetic  Alert: Use euphoria, Discontinue drug
CNS drugs neuralgia cautiously in headache, immediately if
 Partial onset patients with hypesthesia, angioedema
Prescribed Dosage: seizures depression. hypertonia, occurs.
75 mg Drug may incoordination,
increase risk of myoclonus,  Alert: Monitor
Route: suicidal nervousness, patient for
PO thoughts or nystagmus, pain, worsening
behavior. paresthesia, depression, suicidal
Frequency:  Alert: Use stupor, twitching, thoughts or
BID cautiously in vertigo behavior, or
patients with unusual mood or
history of CV: edema, PR- behavior changes.
substance interval
abuse. Drug prolongation  Monitor patient’s
may cause weight and fluid
physical and EENT: blurred or status, especially if
psychological abnormal vision, patient has HF.
dependence. conjunctivitis,
 Dialyzable diplopia, eye  Check for changes
drug: Yes disorder, otitis in vision.
 Overdose media, tinnitus
S&S:  Withdraw drug
Exaggerated GI: dry mouth, gradually over 1
adverse abdominal pain, week, especially in
effects. constipation, patients with
flatulence, seizure disorder.
gastroenteritis,
vomiting, nausea  Alert: Watch for
signs of
GU: anorgasmia, rhabdomyolysis,
impotence, such as dark, red,
urinary cola-colored urine;
incontinence, muscle tenderness;
urinary frequency generalized
weakness; or
Metabolic: muscle stiffness or
hypoglycemia, aching.
weight gain,
increased or
decreased
appetite

Musculoskeletal:
arthralgia, back
and chest pain,
leg cramps,
myalgia,
myasthenia,
neuropathy,
tremor
Respiratory:
bronchitis,
dyspnea

Skin:
ecchymosis,
pruritus

Other: accidental
injury, infection,
allergic reaction,
decreased libido,
flu syndrome
 Therapeutic Effects
Drug features Nursing Responsibilities
Indication Contraindication Desired Untoward
Generic Name:  Neurological  Hypersensitivity The main Hypersensitivit  Assess patient for
Vitamin B Complex and other to any of the benefit of y reactions to signs of vitamin
disorders ingredients or taking vitamin B1 e.g., deficiency before
Brand Name: associated with excipients of Neurobion or sweating, and periodically
Neurobion disturbance of Neurobion similar tachycardia, during therapy.
metabolic combinations and skin Assess nutritional
Therapeutic Class: functions of B vitamins reactions with status through 24-
influenced by B- is to prevent itching and hr diet recall.
Pharmacologic Class: complex or treat mild urticaria Determine
vitamins, B frequency of
Prescribed Dosage: including deficiencies. GU. consumption of
Vitamin B1 – 100mg diabetic Chromaturia vitamin-rich foods.
Vitamin B6 – 200mg polyneuropathy, Therapy is limited
Vitamin B12 – 200 mcg alcoholic GI. Nausea, to periods of high
peripheral vomiting, physiologic stress
Route: neuritis and diarrhea, or when patient is not
P.O. post-influenzal abdominal pain able to ingest
neuropathies. adequate vitamins
Frequency:  Treatment of orally.
1 tab 3 times daily neuritis and  Monitor patient for
neuralgia of the anaphylaxis
spinal nerves, (wheezing,
especially facial urticaria, edema);
paresis, cervical contains thiamine.
syndrome, low
back pain, and
ischialgia.

Therapeutic Effects
Drug features Nursing Responsibilities
Generic Name:  Symptomatic  Contraindicated Inhibits proton CNS: asthenia,  Long-term therapy
Omeprazole GERD without in patients pump activity dizziness, may cause vitamin
esophageal hypersensitive by binding to headache B12 absorption
Brand Name: lesions to drug or its hydrogen- problems. Assess
Prilosec  Erosive components potassium GI: abdominal patient for signs
esophagitis and in patients adenosine pain, and symptoms of
Therapeutic Class:  Pathologic receiving triphosphatase, constipation, cyanocobalamin
Antacid hypersecretory rilpivirine- located at diarrhea, deficiency.
conditions containing secretory flatulence,
Pharmacologic (such as products. surface of nausea, vomiting,  Because risk of
Class: Zollinger-  Use cautiously gastric parietal acid regurgitation fundic gland
Proton Pump Inhibitor Ellison in patients with cells, to polyps increases
syndrome) hypokalemia suppress Musculoskeletal: with long-term use,
Prescribed Dosage:  Duodenal ulcer and respiratory gastric acid back pain, especially beyond
40 mg (short-term alkalosis and in secretion. weakness 1 year, use drug
treatment) patients on low- for shortest
Route:  Helicobacter sodium diet. Respiratory: duration
PO pylori infection  Risk of fundic cough, URI appropriate to the
and duodenal gland polyps condition being
Frequency: ulcer disease, increases with Skin: rash treated.
Once daily to eradicate H. long-term use,
pylori with especially  Periodically assess
clarithromycin beyond 1 year. patient for
(dual therapy)  Long-term osteoporosis.
 H. pylori administration
infection and of bicarbonate  Monitor patient for
duodenal ulcer with calcium or signs and
disease, tp milk can cause symptoms of acute
eradicate H. milk-alkali interstitial
pylori with syndrome. nephritis.
clarithromycin
and  Discontinue drug if
amoxicillin signs or symptoms
(triple therapy) of cutaneous lupus
 Short-term erythematosus or
 treatment of SLE develop; refer
active benign patient to the
gastric ulcer appropriate
 Frequent specialist for
heartburn (2 or evaluation.
more days a
week)  Drug increases its
 Dyspepsia own bioavailability
with repeated
doses. Drug is
unstable in gastric
acid; less drug is
lost to hydrolysis
because drug
increases gastric
pH.

 Gastrin level rises

in most patients
during the first 2
weeks of therapy.
 Therapeutic Effects Nursing
Drug features
Indication Contraindication Desired Untoward Responsibilities

Generic Name: Tramadol is an oral Contraindications include Tramadol is  constipation  Assess the
medication that is used hypersensitivity to tramadol a narcotic-  nausea patient for loss
Tramadol
to help relieve ongoing or opioids. Known or like pain  dizziness of
Brand Name: moderate to moderately suspected gastrointestinal relieving  vertigo consciousness
severe pain. Tramadol obstruction, including oral  headache (LOC),
ConZip, Ultram, is similar to opioid paralytic ileus. Concurrent medicine somnolence and
Ultram ER  drowsiness
(narcotic) analgesics. It use of monoamine oxidase that is used arousal
 vomiting
Therapeutic works in the brain to inhibitors (MAOIs) or use as a difficulties.
 agitation
Class: change how your body within last 14 days. treatment Notify the
 anxiety
feels and responds to for physician
Pharmacologic pain. moderate to  mood swings
immediately if
Class: severe pain  euphoria the patient is in
in adults.  hallucinations a state of
Prescribed  nervousness prolonged
Dosage:  muscle sedation.
100 mg orally spasms or  Take note of the
once a day stiffness age groups and
 indigestion the doses
Route:  weakness required to
P.O.  itching alleviate pain.
 diarrhea Geriatric
Frequency: patients may
once a day require
monitoring
during dose
titration,
whereas others
may need
supplementary
 doses.
 Assess the
source, location,
and
characteristics
of pain.
 Assess the
patient’s pain
intensity and
level of
consciousness
(LOC),
especially when
tramadol is
given as a
sedative for
postoperative
pain
 Evaluate the
patient’s history
of analgesic use
and substance
abuse. tramadol
is not suggested
for opioid-
dependent
people or who
have received
opioids in the
past for more
than one week.
 Seizures should
 be observed
closely. When
necessary,
employ seizure
precautions. It
may occur
within the
approved dose
range, but the
risk may
potentially be
enhanced in
larger doses or
for people
taking
antidepressants,
seizure
threshold
lowering drugs,
and opioid
analgesics.
 Overdose will
lead to seizures
and respiratory
depression.