‫ﻗـــــــــــــــﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬

Grammar

English Alphabetic ‫اﻷﺑﺠﺪﯾﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬

1- Capital Letters ‫اﻷﺑﺠﺪﯾﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة‬

A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

2- SMALL Letters ‫اﻷﺑﺠﺪﯾﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة‬

a b c d e f g h I j k l m
n o p q r s t u V w x y z

3- Consonant Letters ‫اﻟﺤﺮوف اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬

b c d f g h j k l m n
p q r s t v w x y z

3- Vowels Letters ‫اﻟﺤﺮوف اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬

A E I O U

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 ‫أﺟﺰاء اﻟﻜﻼم ‪Parts of Speech‬‬

‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬

‫‪1- Noun‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﻢ إﻧﺴﺎن أو ﺣﯿﻮان‬ ‫‪Ahmad, Rabbit,‬‬
‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫أو ﻧﺒﺎت أو ﺟﻤﺎد أو اﺳﻢ إﺷﺎرة‬ ‫‪Olives, Book, This‬‬
‫‪2- Pronoun‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﻢ أو ﯾﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﮫ‬ ‫‪I, He, She, It, They,‬‬
‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬ ‫‪We, You‬‬
‫‪3- Verb‬‬ ‫‪ = Play , Played,‬ﯾﻠﻌﺐ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪوث ﺷﻲء ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪Will play‬‬
‫‪4- Adverb‬‬ ‫‪ Ahmad writes quickly‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﻒ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ أو ﺗﺰﯾﺪ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫وﺿﻮﺣﺎ‬ ‫أﺣﻤﺪ ﯾﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﺴﺮﻋﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﻒ اﻻﺳﻢ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺒﻠﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪5- Adjective‬‬ ‫‪Rich man‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ﻏﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ أو اﻟﻀﻤﯿﺮ ‪6- Preposition‬‬ ‫‪Ahmad goes to school‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺒﯿﻦ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﮫ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ أﺧﺮى‬ ‫أﺣﻤﺪ ﯾﺬھﺐ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬
‫‪They traveled by plane‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺻﯿﺤﺎت أو أﺻﻮات ‪7- Interjection‬‬ ‫‪Alas! She died‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ﺗﻌﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﻟﻸﺳﻒ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ‬
‫‪ Ali and Ahmad visited‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ و ﻛﻠﻤﺔ أو ‪8- Conjunction‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ﻋﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ و ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪us yesterday‬‬
‫‪ But, If, After, Before‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ و ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ‪9- Connection‬‬
‫أداة وﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‪ ،‬إذا‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫‪10- Question‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻓﻲ أول اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫‪What, Who, Why‬‬
‫أداة اﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا أو ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻟﻤﺎذا‬

‫‪٢‬‬
 ‫‪Articles of definite and indefinite‬‬
‫أدوات اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ و اﻟﻨﻜﺮة‬
‫أداة ‪Article‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻨﻜﺮة اﻟﻤﻔﺮد‬ ‫‪This is a book‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺪه اﻟﺬي ﯾﺒﺪأ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ھﺬا ﻛﺘﺎب‬
‫‪An‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻨﻜﺮة اﻟﻤﻔﺮد‬ ‫‪This is an apple‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺪه اﻟﺬي ﯾﺒﺪأ ﺑﺤﺮف ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬ ‫ھﺬه ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫‪The‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد‬ ‫‪This is the school‬‬
‫واﻟﺠﻤﻊ وأﺳﻤﺎء اﻵﻻت اﻟﻤﻮﺳﯿﻘﯿﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬
‫‪ The united kingdom,‬واﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﮫ وأﺳﻤﺎء اﻷﻧﮭﺎر واﻟﺒﺤﺎر‬
‫‪ the radio, the news,‬و اﻟﺒﻠﺪان وﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮات اﻟﻮﻗﺖ واﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮات‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪the red sea‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ‪Sentences‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ ﻻﺑﺪ أن ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ‪ .‬و ﺗﺒ ﺪأ اﻟﺠﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾ ﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺳ ﻢ ﺛ ﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺛﻢ اﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Ahmad is a doctor‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل أﺣﻤﺪ دﻛﺘﻮر‬

‫أھﻢ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ ‪Types of sentences‬‬

‫‪1- Simple sentences‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻞ ﺑﺴﯿﻄﺔ‬
‫‪2- Compound sentences‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬
‫‪3- Complex sentences‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻘﺪة‬

‫‪1- Simple sentences‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻞ ﺑﺴﯿﻄﺔ‬

‫ھﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ واﺣﺪ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫)ﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﺴﺎر إﻟﻰ اﻟﯿﻤﯿﻦ ( ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ‪ +‬ﻓﻌﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫‪I saw a boy.‬‬ ‫أﻧﺎ رأﯾﺖ وﻟﺪ‬
‫‪The boy was riding a bicycle.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻛﺎن ﯾﻘﻮد دراﺟﺔ‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ ﻟﻨﻜﻮن ﺟﻤﻠﺔ واﺣﺪة ﺑﺴﯿﻄﺔ ﺑﺪون أداة رﺑﻂ‬
‫‪I saw a boy riding a bicycle.‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
 ‫‪2- Compound sentences‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬
‫ھﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﺴﯿﻄﺘﯿﻦ ﻟﮭﻤﺎ ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ وﻟﻜﻞ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﯾﺘﻢ رﺑﻄﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﺤﺮف ﻋﻄﻒ ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫و=‪ =but/ and‬ﻟﻜﻦ ‪ /‬أو = ‪ /or‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ =‪/ so‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ = ‪although‬‬
‫‪I did my homework.‬‬ ‫‪Ahmad helped me.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪:١‬‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ )ﻟﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ( ﻟﻨﻜﻮن ﺟﻤﻠﺔ واﺣﺪة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أداة رﺑﻂ ‪1-and‬‬
‫‪I did my homework and Ahmad helped me.‬‬
‫ھﻮ ﻟﯿﺲ ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ‪ ، he is unhappy‬أﻧﺲ ﻏﻨﻲ ‪Anas is rich‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪:٢‬‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ )ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺘﯿﻦ( ﻟﻨﻜﻮن ﺟﻤﻠﺔ واﺣﺪة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أداة رﺑﻂ ‪2- but‬‬
‫‪Anas is rich but he is unhappy‬‬
‫‪I can do my home work. I can write the lesson.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪:٣‬‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ )ﻓﯿﮭﻤﺎ ﺧﯿﺎر( ﻟﻨﻜﻮن ﺟﻤﻠﺔ واﺣﺪة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أداة رﺑﻂ ‪3- or‬‬
‫‪I can do my homework or write the lesson.‬‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ )ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ و ﺳﺒﺐ ( ﻟﻨﻜﻮن ﺟﻤﻠﺔ واﺣﺪة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أداة رﺑﻂ ‪4- so‬‬
‫‪It rains outside, so I stay in.‬‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ )ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺘﯿﻦ( ﻟﻨﻜﻮن ﺟﻤﻠﺔ واﺣﺪة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أداة رﺑﻂ ‪5- although‬‬
‫‪Although Anas is rich, he is unhappy‬‬

‫‪2- Complex sentences‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻘﺪة‬

‫ھﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﺜ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ ﻓﻌ ﻞ واﺣ ﺪ و ﻣﺮﻛﺒ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﺘ ﯿﻦ ﺑ ﺴﯿﻄﺘﯿﻦ ﺟﻤﻠ ﺔ‬
‫‪I saw the man who was carrying a stick.‬‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ و اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻀـﻤﺎﺋـﺮ ‪Pronouns‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﯿﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ا‪ -‬ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء ) اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪ -‬اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل – اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ – ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ – اﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎس(‬
‫ب‪ -‬ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫أ‪ -‬ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬
‫‪Subject‬‬ ‫‪Object Possessive Adj. Possessive Reflexive‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎس‬

‫‪I‬‬ ‫أﻧﺎ‬ ‫‪me‬‬ ‫‪my‬‬ ‫‪mine‬‬ ‫‪myself‬‬

‫ﻧﺤﻦ ‪We‬‬ ‫‪us‬‬ ‫‪our‬‬ ‫‪ours‬‬ ‫‪ourselves‬‬
‫أﻧﺖ ‪You‬‬ ‫‪you‬‬ ‫‪your‬‬ ‫‪yours‬‬ ‫‪yourself‬‬
‫أﻧﺘﻢ ‪You‬‬ ‫‪you‬‬ ‫‪your‬‬ ‫‪yours‬‬ ‫‪yourselves‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ھﻮ ‪He‬‬ ‫‪him‬‬ ‫‪his‬‬ ‫‪his‬‬ ‫‪himself‬‬
‫ھﻲ ‪She‬‬ ‫‪her‬‬ ‫‪her‬‬ ‫‪hers‬‬ ‫‪herself‬‬
‫ھﻮ ھﻲ ﻟﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ‪It‬‬ ‫‪it‬‬ ‫‪its‬‬ ‫‪its‬‬ ‫‪itself‬‬
‫ھﻢ ‪They‬‬ ‫‪them‬‬ ‫‪Their‬‬ ‫‪theirs‬‬ ‫‪themselves‬‬

‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺪل اﻻﺳﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻦ أو ﻋﻦ أي ﺷﻲء ﻧﺘﺤﺪث‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻲ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﯿﺪ‪ ،‬ھﻮ ﻧﺠﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ اﺧﺘﺒﺎراﺗﮫ‬
‫‪Ali is a good student, he passes all his tests‬‬
‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﮫ أو ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺮوف اﻟﺠﺮ أو ﺑﻌﺪ ﻇﺮف اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬
‫أو ﺑﻌﺪ ‪to, for‬‬
‫‪Ali gives me a book‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬أﺣﻤﺪ أﻋﻄﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
‫‪Do you live near them‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ھﻞ أﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﻜﻦ ﻗﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﻣﻨﮭﻢ‬

‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻗﺒﻞ اﺳﻢ اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻮك‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻲ ﻧﺠﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ اﺧﺘﺒﺎراﺗﮫ ‪Ali (he) passes all his tests‬‬

‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺪل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻮك‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪This is my book. It is mine‬‬
‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮاﻹﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﯿﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﯿﺪ )‪(Emphasize‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ھﻞ أﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻲ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻚ‬
‫? ‪Do you do the homework yourself‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮات اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ )‪(Help, Enjoy, Behave, by‬‬
‫‪1- Help yourself. Enjoy yourself, Behave yourself‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
‫)‪2- I live by myself. (I live alone‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬
‫‪Subject‬‬ ‫‪Object‬‬ ‫‪Possessive Adj.‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬

‫‪Who‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ )اﻟﺬي( ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫‪Whom‬‬ ‫‪Whose‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ )اﻟﺬي( ﻟﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ‪Which‬‬ ‫‪Which‬‬ ‫‪Whose‬‬
‫)‪That (who or which‬‬ ‫‪That‬‬ ‫‪That‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺬف اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ووﺿﻊ اﻟﻀﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻜﺮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‪.‬‬

‫‪Pronoun‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﯿﺮ‬

‫‪Who‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي أو اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬
‫‪Whom‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي أو اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬
‫‪Which‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي أو اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻟﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬
‫‪Which‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي أو اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻟﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬
‫‪Whose‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي أو اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬
‫‪That‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ أو اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي أو اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ و ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬

‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫‪1- Here is the man. The man is a doctor‬‬
‫‪Here is the man who is a doctor‬‬
‫‪The man who is a doctor is here‬‬
‫‪2- My friend swims well. He lives here.‬‬
‫‪My friend who swims well lives here.‬‬

‫أﺳﻤﺎء اﻹﺷﺎرة‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺐ ‪Near‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺪ ‪Far‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮد ‪Singular‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ‪Plural‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮد ‪Singular‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ‪Plural‬‬
‫ھﺬا ‪This‬‬ ‫ھﺆﻻء ‪These‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ‪That‬‬ ‫أوﻟﺌﻚ ‪Those‬‬
‫‪This is a pen These are pens That is a pen Those are pens‬‬
‫ھﺬا ﻗﻠﻢ ﺣﺒﺮ‬ ‫ھﺆﻻء أﻗﻼم ﺣﺒﺮ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻗﻠﻢ ﺣﺒﺮ‬ ‫أوﻟﺌﻚ أﻗﻼم ﺣﺒﺮ‬

‫‪٦‬‬
 ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬
Verb to be ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻜﻮن‬-١
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﻔﻌﻞ رﺋﯿﺴﻲ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﯾﻜﻮن أو ﻛﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬

‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ Present ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ Past ‫ﻣﺎض‬ p.p‫ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ‬ Future ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬ Am, is, are Was, were been Shall be, will
be
I am was been Shall be
He, she, it is was been will be
You, they are were been will be
we are were been Shall be

He is a student = ‫ھﻮ ﺗﻠﻤﯿﺬ‬ I am a student = ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ أﻧﺎ ﺗﻠﻤﯿﺬ‬

‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﻟﺔ و اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ و اﻟﻨﺼﯿﺤﺔ‬Were ‫ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ‬I ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬
Verb to do ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ أو ﯾﻔﻌﻞ‬-٢
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﻔﻌﻞ رﺋﯿﺴﻲ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ أو ﻛﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬

‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ Past ‫ﻣﺎض‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ‬ Future ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

Present p.p‫ﺛﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬ do, does did done Shall do, will do
He, she, it does did done will do
You, they do did done will do
I, we do did done Shall do

He does his homework ‫ھﻮ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ واﺟﺒﮫ اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻲ‬ ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬

I do my homework ‫أﻧﺎ أﻋﻤﻞ واﺟﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻲ‬

٧
 ‫‪ -٣‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻤﻠﻚ ‪Verb to have‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﻔﻌﻞ رﺋﯿﺴﻲ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﯾﻤﻠﻚ أو ﻛﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬

‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ ‫ﻣﺎض ‪Past‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ‪Future‬‬

‫‪Present‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺚ‪p.p‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬ ‫‪have, has‬‬ ‫‪had‬‬ ‫‪had‬‬ ‫‪Shall have, will‬‬
‫‪have‬‬
‫‪He, she, it‬‬ ‫‪has‬‬ ‫‪had‬‬ ‫‪had‬‬ ‫‪will have‬‬
‫‪You, they‬‬ ‫‪have‬‬ ‫‪had‬‬ ‫‪had‬‬ ‫‪will have‬‬
‫‪I, we‬‬ ‫‪have‬‬ ‫‪had‬‬ ‫‪had‬‬ ‫‪Shall have‬‬

‫ھﻮ ﯾﻤﻠﻚ ﺳﯿﺎرة= ‪He has a car‬‬ ‫أﻧﺎ أﻣﻠﻚ ﺳﯿﺎرة = ‪I have a car‬‬ ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻨﻔﻲ ‪Negative‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻧﻔﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺘﯿﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ‪(am, is, are, was, were, has,‬‬
‫) ‪have, can, shall, will, should, could, may, might, must, ought to,‬‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ‪ not‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻧﻀﻊ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ )‪(do, does, did‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ وﺑﻌﺪه ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ‪ not‬وﻧﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر )اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع ﺑﺪون ‪( s‬‬
‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺛﺒﺎت ‪Affirmative‬‬ ‫‪Negative‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫‪ He is not a student‬ھﻮ ﺗﻠﻤﯿﺬ ‪He is a student‬‬ ‫ھﻮ ﻟﯿﺲ ﺗﻠﻤﯿﺬ‬
‫‪He does not be a student‬‬
‫ھﻮ ﻻ ﯾﻤﺘﻠﻚ ﺳﯿﺎرة ‪ He does not have a car‬ھﻮ ﯾﻤﺘﻠﻚ ﺳﯿﺎرة ‪He has a car‬‬
‫‪He has not a car‬‬
‫أﻧﺎ أﻋﻤﻞ واﺟﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻲ‬ ‫أﻧﺎ ﻻ أﻋﻤﻞ واﺟﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻲ‬
‫‪I do my homework‬‬ ‫‪I do not my homework‬‬
‫‪I do not do my homework‬‬
‫أﻧﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﺖ واﺟﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻲ‬ ‫أﻧﺎ ﻟﻢ أﻋﻤﻞ واﺟﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻲ‬
‫‪I did my homework‬‬ ‫‪I did not my homework‬‬
‫‪I did not do my homework‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬
 ‫أﻧﺎ ﻟﻌﺒﺖ ﻛﺮة ﻗﺪم‬ ‫أﻧﺎ ﻟﻢ أﻟﻌﺐ ﻛﺮة ﻗﺪم‬
I played football I did not play football
‫أﻧﺎ ﺳﻮف أﻟﻌﺐ ﻛﺮة ﻗﺪم‬ ‫أﻧﺎ ﺳﻮف ﻻ أﻟﻌﺐ ﻛﺮة ﻗﺪم‬
I shall play football I shall not play football
‫أﻧﺎ أﺳﻜﻦ ھﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻣﺪة ﻃﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫أﻧﺎ ﻟﻢ أﺳﻜﻦ ھﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻣﺪة ﻃﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬
I have lived here for a I have not lived here for a long time
long time
I have a car ‫أﻧﺎ أﻣﺘﻠﻚ ﺳﯿﺎرة‬ I do not have a car ‫أﻧﺎ ﻻ أﻣﺘﻠﻚ ﺳﯿﺎرة‬
I have not a car

Making questions ‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬

:‫ اﻟﺴﺆال ھـﻞ‬-١
‫ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ أول اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬-‫أ‬
‫ أو‬we or I ‫ اﻟﻰ‬you)‫وﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ أو اﻟﻀﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
.‫اﻟﻌﻜﺲ( ﺛﻢ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ و ﻧﻀﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم ؟ ﻓﻲ أﺧﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺛﻢ اﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬Yes ‫ ﻧﻌﻢ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬-‫ ا‬:‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺛﻢ اﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ‬No ‫ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬-‫ب‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬

:‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
Question ‫اﻟﺴﺆال ھﻞ‬ Yes ‫اﻟﺠﻮاب ﻧﻌﻢ‬ No ‫اﻟﺠﻮاب ﻻ‬
Are you a teacher? Yes, I am a teacher. No, I am not.
Do you have a car? Yes, I have a car. No, I do not.
or Yes I do.
Can I help you ? Yes, you can. No, you can not.
Did they have a car? Yes, they did. No, they did not.
Does he has a car? Yes, he does. No, he does not.
Does she has a car? Yes, she does. No, she does not.
Can we help you ? Yes, you can. No, you can not.
Is it a new car? Yes, it is. No, it is not.
Will you go to the Yes, I will. No, I will not.
market?
٩
 ‫ب‪ -‬إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻧﻀﻊ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫)‪ (do,does,did‬ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ أول اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ أو اﻟﻀﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ)‪ you‬اﻟﻰ ‪ we or I‬أو اﻟﻌﻜﺲ( ﺛﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر)اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع ﺑﺪون ‪ (S‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ و ﻧﻀﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم ؟ ﻓﻲ أﺧﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺆال ھﻞ ‪Question‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮاب ﻧﻌﻢ ‪Yes‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮاب ﻻ ‪No‬‬
‫?‪Do you play football‬‬ ‫‪Yes, I do.‬‬ ‫‪No, I do not.‬‬
‫?‪Do you have a car‬‬ ‫‪Yes, I have a car.‬‬ ‫‪No, I do not.‬‬
‫? ‪Do I help you‬‬ ‫‪Yes, you do.‬‬ ‫‪No, you do not.‬‬
‫?‪Did they play tennis‬‬ ‫‪Yes, they did.‬‬ ‫‪No, they did not.‬‬
‫?‪Does he play tennis‬‬ ‫‪Yes, he does.‬‬ ‫‪No, he does not.‬‬
‫?‪Does she watch TV.‬‬ ‫‪Yes, she does.‬‬ ‫‪No, she does not.‬‬
‫? ‪Do we help you‬‬ ‫‪Yes, you do.‬‬ ‫‪No, you do not.‬‬
‫?‪Do you go to the market‬‬ ‫‪Yes, I do.‬‬ ‫‪No, I do not.‬‬
‫?‪Can I help you‬‬ ‫‪Yes, I can.‬‬ ‫‪No, I can not.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺾ أدوات اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‬

‫اﻷداة‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻷداة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال ﻋﻦ‬
‫‪How‬‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪Where‬‬ ‫أﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬
‫‪How many‬‬ ‫ﻛﻢ ﻟﻠﻌﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫‪When‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬
‫‪How much‬‬ ‫ﻛﻢ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪Why‬‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫‪How long‬‬ ‫ﻛﻢ ﻃﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫‪What‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ أو ﻣﺎذا‬ ‫ﺷﻲء‬
‫‪How old‬‬ ‫ﻛﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫‪Which‬‬ ‫أي‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﻦ‬
‫‪How far‬‬ ‫ﻛﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫‪Who‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬
‫‪How often‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺮات ﻛﻢ ﻣﺮة‬ ‫‪Whom‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﮫ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬
‫‪How heavy‬‬ ‫ﻛﻢ وزن‬ ‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫‪Whose‬‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺴﺆال ﺑﺄداة اﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‪:‬‬

‫‪١٠‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺤﺪد أداة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﺮاد اﻟﺴﺆال ﻋﻨﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫أ‪ -‬إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ أداة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم ﺛﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ أو اﻟﻀﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ)‪ you‬اﻟﻰ ‪ we or I‬أو اﻟﻌﻜﺲ( ﺛﻢ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﺪون اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮل ﻋﻨﮫ و ﻧﻀﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم ؟ ﻓﻲ أﺧﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺆال ‪Question‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮاب ‪Answer‬‬
‫?‪What are they going to eat‬‬ ‫‪They are going to eat meat‬‬
‫?‪Who are going to eat meat‬‬ ‫‪They are going to eat meat‬‬
‫?‪Where will they go‬‬ ‫‪They will go to the market‬‬
‫?‪What is writing alone‬‬ ‫‪My pen is writing alone‬‬
‫?‪Why do you go to school‬‬ ‫‪I go to school to learn‬‬

‫ب‪ -‬إذا ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠ ﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘ ﻮي ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻓﻌ ﻞ ﻣ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻧ ﻀﻊ ﻓﻌ ﻞ ﯾﻌﻤ ﻞ )‪(do,does,did‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ أداة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ أو اﻟﻀﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﻮﯾ ﻞ‬
‫اﻟ ﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ)‪ you‬اﻟ ﻰ ‪ we or I‬أو اﻟﻌﻜ ﺲ( ﺛ ﻢ ﻧ ﻀﻊ ﻓﻌ ﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر)اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع ﺑﺪون ‪ (S‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻜﺘ ﺐ ﺑ ﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠ ﺔ و ﻧ ﻀﻊ ﻋﻼﻣ ﺔ اﻻﺳ ﺘﻔﮭﺎم ؟ ﻓ ﻲ أﺧ ﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ھﺎﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫إذا ﻛ ﺎن اﻟ ﺴﺆال ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﻔﺎﻋ ﻞ ﻻ ﻧ ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻌ ﻼ ﻣ ﺴﺎﻋﺪا ﻣ ﻦ ﻋﻨ ﺪﻧﺎ وﻟﻜ ﻦ ﻧ ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪Who‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ و ‪ What‬ﻟﻠﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‪.‬‬
‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺴﺆال ‪Question‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮاب ‪Answer‬‬

‫?‪What do they go to eat‬‬
‫?‪Who go to eat meat‬‬
‫?‪Where does she go‬‬
‫?‪What writes alone‬‬
‫?‪Whose book is this‬‬
‫‪They go to eat meat‬‬
‫‪They go to eat meat‬‬
‫‪She goes to the market‬‬
‫‪My pen writes alone‬‬
‫‪This book is mine‬‬

‫ﺟـ ‪ -‬اﻟﺴﺆال و ﻛﺬﻟﻚ أو و أﯾﻀﺎ ‪So‬‬

‫‪ -١‬إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻧ ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻧﻔ ﺲ اﻟﻔﻌ ﻞ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻤ ﺎ‬
‫ﯾﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬
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 ‫‪ -٢‬إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻧﻀﻊ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫)‪ (do, does, did‬ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ و اﻟﺴﺆال ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﻔﻲ أو إﺛﺒﺎت‬
‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪Sentence‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال ‪Question‬‬

‫‪I have finished‬‬ ‫? ‪So have I‬‬ ‫و ﻛﺬﻟﻚ أﻧﺎ‬
‫‪We go to eat meat‬‬ ‫? ‪So do I‬‬
‫‪I have not finished‬‬ ‫‪So have not I ?,‬‬

‫د ‪ -‬اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﻤﺰﯾﻞ أﻟﯿﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬

‫‪ -١‬إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌ ﻞ ﻣ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻧ ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻧﻔ ﺲ اﻟﻔﻌ ﻞ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻤ ﺎ‬
‫ﯾﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ -٢‬إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻧﻀﻊ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫)‪ (do, does, did‬ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺆال‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﺴﺆال ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ و اﻹﺛﺒﺎت‬
‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪Sentence‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال ‪Question‬‬

‫‪I have finished,‬‬ ‫? ‪Have not I‬‬ ‫أﻟﯿﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪We go to eat meat‬‬ ‫? ‪Do not we‬‬
‫‪He is not a pupil‬‬ ‫? ‪Is he‬‬
‫‪) is exciting‬ﻣﻔﺮد( ‪The news‬‬ ‫?‪Is not it‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪Subject‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻓﻲ أول اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ و ﯾﻜﻮن‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬اﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻢ ) إﻧﺴﺎن‪ -‬ﺣﯿﻮان‪ -‬ﻧﺒﺎت‪ -‬ﺟﻤﺎد( ﺟﻤﻊ أو ﻣﻔﺮد‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ )‪(I, We, You, He, She, It, They‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮد أو اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ‪There‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬اﺳﻢ إﺷﺎرة ﻣﻔﺮد أو ﺟﻤﻊ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﯾﺐ أو ﻟﻠﺒﻌﯿﺪ )‪(This, these, that, those‬‬

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 ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫‪Ali is a student‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﻠﻤﯿﺬ‬
‫‪The rabbit ate a carrot‬‬ ‫اﻷرﻧﺐ أﻛﻞ ﺟﺰرة‬
‫‪The book is new‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬
‫‪There are twenty chairs in the class‬‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺸﺮون ﻛﺮﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫‪There is a student playing in the class‬‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫‪This is a new book‬‬ ‫ھﺬا ﯾﻜﻮن ﻛﺘﺎب ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬

‫اﻷزﻣـﻨـﺔ ‪Tenses‬‬
‫‪ -١‬زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ‪1- Present simple tense‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨﮫ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺘ ﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻷول ﻟﻠﻔﻌ ﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ )اﻟﻤ ﻀﺎرع( وﯾ ﻀﺎف ‪ S‬أو ‪es‬‬
‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﺎﻋ ﻞ ﺿ ﻤﯿﺮ ﻏﺎﺋ ﺐ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗ ﻞ أو ﻏﯿ ﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗ ﻞ )‪ (he, she, it‬أو أي اﺳ ﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ after‬ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫‪ always‬داﺋﻤﺎ‬
‫‪ sometimes‬أﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫‪ every‬ﻛﻞ‬
‫‪ usually‬ﻋﺎدة‬ ‫‪ before‬ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾ ﺘﻢ ﺑﺈﺿ ﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻌ ﻞ ﯾﻌﻤ ﻞ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤ ﻀﺎرع )‪(do, does‬و ﺑﻌ ﺪه ‪ not‬ﻗﺒ ﻞ اﻟﻔﻌ ﻞ‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ )ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر( وﻧﺤﺬف ال ‪ S‬اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫‪ -٤‬أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫‪I go to the school always‬‬ ‫أﻧﺎ أذھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ داﺋﻤﺎ‬
‫‪I do not go to the school always‬‬
‫‪He goes to the school always‬‬ ‫ھﻮ ﯾﺬھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ داﺋﻤﺎ‬
‫‪He does not go to the school always‬‬
‫‪Ali goes to the school always‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﯾﺬھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ داﺋﻤﺎ‬
‫‪Ali does not go the school always‬‬

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 ‫‪ -٢‬زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ‪1- Past simple tense‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨﮫ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ )اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ( ﻣﻊ أي ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ In the past‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫‪ Yesterday‬أﻣﺲ‬
‫‪ ago‬ﻣﻨﺬ )ﻓﻲ أﺧﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ(‬ ‫‪ Last week‬اﻷﺳﺒﻮع اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾ ﺘﻢ ﺑﺈﺿ ﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻌ ﻞ ﯾﻌﻤ ﻞ )‪ (do‬اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿ ﻲ )‪(did‬و ﺑﻌ ﺪه ‪ not‬ﻗﺒ ﻞ اﻟﻔﻌ ﻞ‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ وﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر )اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع(‬
‫‪ -٤‬أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫‪I went to the school Yesterday‬‬ ‫أﻧﺎ ذھﺒﺖ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ أﻣﺲ‬
‫‪I did not go to the school Yesterday‬‬
‫‪He went to the school Yesterday‬‬ ‫ھﻮ ذھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ أﻣﺲ‬
‫‪He did not go to the school Yesterday‬‬
‫‪Ali went to the school Yesterday‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ذھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ أﻣﺲ‬
‫‪Ali did not go the school Yesterday‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ‪1- Future simple tense‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨﮫ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر)اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻷول( ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ وﯾﻀﺎف ﻗﺒﻠﮫ ‪.Will‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ next‬اﻟﻘﺎدم‬ ‫‪ tomorrow‬ﻏﺪا‬
‫‪ In the future‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ not‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ‪ Will‬ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة و ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ )اﻟﻤﺼﺪر(‬
‫‪ -٤‬أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫‪I will go to the school tomorrow‬‬ ‫أﻧﺎ ﺳﺄذھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ﻏﺪا‬
‫‪I will not go to the school tomorrow‬‬
‫‪He will go to the school tomorrow He‬‬ ‫ھﻮ ﺳﯿﺬھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ﻏﺪا‬
‫‪will not go to the school tomorrow‬‬
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 ‫‪Ali will go to the school tomorrow‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﯿﺬھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ﻏﺪا‬
‫‪Ali will not go to the school tomorrow‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪1- Present continuous tense‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨ ﮫ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ ﻓﻌ ﻞ ﯾﻜ ﻮن اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤ ﻀﺎرع )‪ + (am, is, are‬اﻟﺘ ﺼﺮﯾﻒ‬
‫اﻷول ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ )اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع( وﯾﻀﺎف ﻓﻲ أﺧﺮه ‪. ing‬‬
‫‪) + ing‬اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻷول( ‪(am, is, are) + V.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻲء ﯾﺤﺪث أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻜﻼم‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ At this moment‬ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‬ ‫‪ now‬اﻵن‬
‫‪ today‬ﻛﻞ ﯾﻮم‬ ‫‪ listen‬اﺳﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫‪ At present‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫‪ look‬اﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ not‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ )‪(am, is, are‬و ﺑﻌﺪه ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫‪I am going to the school now‬‬ ‫أﻧﺎ أذھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ اﻵن‬
‫‪I am not going to the school now‬‬
‫‪He is going to the school now‬‬ ‫ھﻮ ﯾﺬھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ اﻵن‬
‫‪He is not going to the school now‬‬
‫‪Ali is going to the school now‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﯾﺬھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ اﻵن‬
‫‪Ali is not going to the school now‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪1- Past continuous tense‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨ ﮫ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ ﻓﻌ ﻞ ﯾﻜ ﻮن اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿ ﻲ )‪ + (was, were‬اﻟﺘ ﺼﺮﯾﻒ‬
‫اﻷول ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ )اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع( وﯾﻀﺎف ﻓﻲ أﺧﺮه ‪. ing‬‬
‫‪) + ing‬اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻷول( ‪(was, were) + V.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ Just as‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬ ‫‪ while‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫‪ as‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ‪،‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪ when‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
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 ‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ not‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ )‪ (was, were‬و ﺑﻌﺪه ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫‪When I was going to the school‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ أذھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬
‫‪When I was not going to the school‬‬
‫‪When he was going to the school‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ذاھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬
‫‪When he was not going to the school‬‬
‫‪When Ali was going to the school‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻲ ذاھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬
‫‪When Ali was not going to the school‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪1- Future continuous tense‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨﮫ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤ ﺼﺪر ‪ Be‬ﻣ ﺴﺒﻮﻗﺎ ب )‪+ (will, shall‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻷول ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ )اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع( وﯾﻀﺎف ﻓﻲ أﺧﺮه ‪. ing‬‬
‫‪) + ing‬اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻷول( ‪(will be , shall be) + V.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ at midnight‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫‪ this time tomorrow‬ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻏﺪا‬
‫‪ at 6 o'clock‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ not‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )‪ (Will, shall‬و ﺑﻌﺪه ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫‪This time tomorrow, I will be going‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻏﺪا‪ ،‬أﻧ ﺎ ﺳ ﺄذھﺐ إﻟ ﻰ‬
‫‪to the school‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬
‫‪This time tomorrow, I will not be‬‬ ‫ﻓ ﻲ ھ ﺬا اﻟﻮﻗ ﺖ ﻏ ﺪا‪ ،‬أﻧ ﺎ ﻟ ﻦ أذھ ﺐ‬
‫‪going to the school‬‬ ‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬

‫‪ -٧‬زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم ‪1- Present perfect tense‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨ ﮫ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ ﻓﻌ ﻞ ﯾﻤﻠ ﻚ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤ ﻀﺎرع )‪ + ( have, has‬اﻟﺘ ﺼﺮﯾﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ )اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع( ‪. PP‬‬
‫)اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ(‪(have, has) + PP.‬‬
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 ‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ yet‬ﻟﯿﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ أﻻن‬ ‫‪ just‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪ -‬ﺗﻮا‬
‫‪ for‬ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫‪ already‬ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫‪ (Ever), never‬اﺑﺪا‬ ‫‪ since‬ﻣﻨﺬ‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ not‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ )‪ ( have, has‬و ﺑﻌﺪه ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫‪I have gone to the school already‬‬ ‫أﻧﺎ أذھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫‪I have not gone to the school already‬‬
‫‪He has gone to the school already‬‬ ‫ھﻮ ﯾﺬھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫‪He has not gone to the school already‬‬
‫‪Ali has gone to the school already‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﯾﺬھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫‪Ali has not gone to the school already‬‬

‫‪ -٧‬زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘﺎم ‪1- Present perfect tense‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨﮫ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ )‪ + ( had‬اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟ ﺚ ﻟﻠﻔﻌ ﻞ‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ )اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع( ‪. PP‬‬
‫)اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ(‪(had) + PP.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ until‬ﺣﺘﻰ‬

‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ not‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ )‪ ( had‬و ﺑﻌﺪه ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻲ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫‪Until now, I had gone to the school‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘ ﻰ اﻵن‪ ،‬أﻧ ﺎ ذاھ ﺐ إﻟ ﻰ‬
‫‪Until now, I had not gone to the school‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬
‫‪Until now, he had gone to the school‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘ ﻰ اﻵن‪ ،‬ھ ﻮ ذاھ ﺐ إﻟ ﻰ‬
‫‪Until now, he had not gone to the school‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬
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 1- Future perfect tense ‫ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺎم‬-٩
‫ اﻟﺘ ﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟ ﺚ ﻟﻠﻔﻌ ﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ‬+ (will have, shall have) ‫ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬:‫ ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨﮫ‬-١
. PP (‫)اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬
(will have, shall have) + PP.(‫)اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
:‫ اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ‬-٢
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻼل ﺳﻨﺔ‬In a year's time

:‫ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬-٣
.‫ ( و ﺑﻌﺪه ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻲ‬will, shall) ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺳﻮف اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬not ‫ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬-
:‫ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬-٤
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
I will have gone to the school in a ‫أﻧ ﺎ ﺳ ﺄذھﺐ إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ زﻣ ﻦ‬
year's time ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬
I will not have gone to the school in
a year's time
He will have gone to the school in a ‫ھ ﻮ ﺳ ﯿﺬھﺐ إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ زﻣ ﻦ‬
year's time ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬
He will not have to the school in a
year's time
Ali will have to the school in a year's ‫ﻋﻠ ﻲ ﺳ ﯿﺬھﺐ إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ زﻣ ﻦ‬
time ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬
Ali will not have to the school in a
year's time

‫ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬-١٠

Present perfect continuous tense
‫ اﻟﺘ ﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻷول ﻟﻠﻔﻌ ﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ‬+ ( have been, has been) ‫ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣ ﻦ‬:‫ ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨﮫ‬-١
. ing + (‫)اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬
(have been, has been) + V.(‫ )اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻷول‬+ ing
:‫ اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ‬-٢

١٨

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 ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ All‬ﻛﻞ‬
‫‪ For ----now‬ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن‬

‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ not‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ )‪ ( have, has‬و ﺑﻌﺪه ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫‪I have been going to the school‬‬ ‫أﻧﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ذاھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬
‫‪I have not been going to the school‬‬

‫‪ -١١‬زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘﺎم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬

‫‪Past perfect continuous tense‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨ ﮫ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ )‪ + ( had been‬اﻟﺘ ﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻷول ﻟﻠﻔﻌ ﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ )اﻟﻤ ﻀﺎرع(‬
‫‪. ing +‬‬
‫‪) + ing‬اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻷول(‪(had been) + V.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬

‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ not‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ )‪ ( had‬و ﺑﻌﺪه ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫‪I had been going to the school‬‬ ‫أﻧﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ذاھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬
‫‪I had not been going to the school‬‬

‫‪١٩‬‬

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 ‫‪ -١٢‬زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺎم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫‪Future perfect continuous tense‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨ ﮫ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ )‪ + ( will been‬اﻟﺘ ﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻷول ﻟﻠﻔﻌ ﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ )اﻟﻤ ﻀﺎرع(‬
‫‪. ing +‬‬
‫‪) + ing‬اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻷول(‪(will have) +been + V.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬

‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ not‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ )‪ ( had‬و ﺑﻌﺪه ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫‪I will have been going to the school‬‬ ‫أﻧﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ذاھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬
‫‪I will have not been going to the school‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت ‪Adjectives‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‪ :‬اﺳﻢ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮف وﻻ ﯾﺠﻤﻊ و ﻻ ﯾﺆﻧﺚ‬
‫‪This is a new car , These are new cars‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎوي ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ‪as........as‬‬
‫‪Ahmad is clever , Ali is clever‬‬
‫‪Ahmad is as clever as Ali‬‬ ‫أﺣﻤﺪ ﻧﺸﯿﻂ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫‪Ahmad is not as clever as Ali‬‬ ‫)اﻟﻨﻔﻲ (أﺣﻤﺪ ﻧﺸﯿﻂ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ than‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟ ﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﻘ ﺼﯿﺮة وﻧ ﻀﯿﻒ ﻓ ﻲ أﺧ ﺮ اﻟ ﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻓﯿﻦ ‪er‬‬
‫‪Ahmad is tallcr than Ali‬‬ ‫أﺣﻤﺪ أﻃﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ the‬ﻗﺒ ﻞ اﻟ ﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﻘ ﺼﯿﺮة وﻧ ﻀﯿﻒ ﻓ ﻲ أﺧ ﺮ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺣﺮوف ‪ est‬وداﺋﻤﺎ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ‪ of‬أو ‪in‬‬
‫‪Ahmad is the tallcst in the class‬‬ ‫أﺣﻤﺪ أﻃﻮل واﺣﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬

‫‪٢٠‬‬

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 (‫ ﺣ ﺮوف أو أﻛﺜ ﺮ‬٦) ‫ ﺑﻌ ﺪ اﻟ ﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻠ ﺔ‬than ‫ﺣﺎﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ اﺛﻨ ﯿﻦ ﻧ ﻀﻊ‬ -٤
Less ‫ أو‬more ‫وﻧﻀﯿﻒ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ )اﻟﺘﺴﺎوي( ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ‬
The most expensive More expensive than expensive ‫ﻏﺎﻟﻲ‬
The most beautiful More beautiful than beautiful ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻠﺔ‬

Esraa is more beautiful than Monai ‫إﺳﺮاء أﺟﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻰ‬

‫ ﻗﺒ ﻞ اﻟ ﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻠ ﺔ‬the most ‫ﺣﺎﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ أﻛﺜ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ اﺛﻨ ﯿﻦ ﻧ ﻀﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺘ ﯿﻦ‬ -٥
(‫)ﺣﺮوﻓﮭﺎ ﻛﺜﯿﺮة‬
Esraa is the most beautiful in the class ‫إﺳﺮاء أﺟﻤﻞ واﺣﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺸﺎذة ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬ -٦
Esraa is the best pupil in the class ‫إﺳﺮاء أﺣﺴﻦ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ‬ (‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ )اﻟﺘﺴﺎوي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬

The best Better than Good ‫ ﺣﺴﻦ‬،‫ﺟﯿﺪ‬
The worst Worse than ill, bad ‫ ﻣﺮﯾﺾ‬، ‫ﺳﯿﺊ‬
The farthest Farther than far ‫ﺑﻌﯿﺪ‬
The late Latter than late ‫ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ‬
The most More than Much, many ‫ ﻟﻠﻜﻤﯿﺔ‬،‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮا ﻟﻠﻌﺪد‬
The least Less than Little ‫أﻗﻞ ﻟﻠﻜﻤﯿﺔ‬
The Fewer than Few ‫أﻗﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﺪد‬

‫ ﺗﺼﻒ أﺣﺪاث و ﻣﻮاﻗﻒ وﺗﺼﻒ‬ing ‫ ﺗﺼﻒ أﺷﺨﺎص واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﮭﻲ‬ed ‫ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﮭﻲ‬-٧
.‫ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺗﺼﻒ أﺣﺪاث ﺗﺼﻒ أﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺗﺼﻒ أﺣﺪاث ﺗﺼﻒ أﺷﺨﺎص‬
interesting interested ‫ﻣﻤﺘﻊ‬ exciting excited ‫ﻣﺜﯿﺮ‬
satisfying satisfied ‫ﻣﻘﻨﻊ‬ pleasing pleased ‫ﻣﻔﺮح‬
horrifying horrified brightening brightened ‫ﻻﻣﻊ‬

: ‫ أﺷﮭﺮ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬-٨
‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫اﺛﻨﯿﻦ‬
The cheapest Cheaper than cheap ‫رﺧﯿﺺ‬
The hardest Harder than hard ‫ﺻﻠﺐ‬
٢١

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 The cleverest Clever than clever ‫ﻣﺎھﺮ – ﻧﺸﯿﻂ‬
The highest Higher than High ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬
The newest Newer than new ‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬
The fastest Faster than Fast ‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬
The oldest Older than old ‫ﻗﺪﯾﻢ‬
busy Busier than busy ‫ﻣﺸﻐﻮل‬
The happiest Happier than Happy ‫ﺳﻌﯿﺪ‬
The nicest Nicer than nice ‫ﻟﻄﯿﻒ‬
The politest Politer than polite ‫ﻣﺆدب‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬
‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬-١ :‫ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺛﻼث ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﺜﻼث ﻃﺮق‬-
and ‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷوﻟﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ و ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة‬-٢
with ‫ و ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة‬and ‫ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷوﻟﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬-٣
1- He is a strong, slim, fair –haired man
2- He is a strong, slim and fair –haired man
3- He is a strong and slim with fair –haired man

If ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬
Present ‫ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬If ‫ إذا ﻛﺎن )اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷول( ﻓﻌﻞ اﺷﺮط ﺑﻌﺪ‬-١
will ‫ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺟﻮاب اﻟﺸﺮط )اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬simple
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
If I have much money, I will buy a computer

Past simple ‫ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬If ‫ إذا ﻛﺎن )اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷول( ﻓﻌﻞ اﺷﺮط ﺑﻌﺪ‬-٢
would ‫ﯾﻜﻮن ﺟﻮاب اﻟﺸﺮط )اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
If I had much money, I would buy a computer

( when= ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬, after=‫ ﺑﻌﺪ‬, before= ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ‬, as soon as= ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة) ﺑﻤﺠﺮد أن‬

Present ‫ إذا ﻛﺎن )اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷول( ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺸﺮط ﺑﻌﺪ ھﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬-١
V. to be+going+ to ‫ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺟﻮاب اﻟﺸﺮط )اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﺑﻌﺪ‬simple
After I have much money, I am going to buy a computer ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬

( when= ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬, as = ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة) ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬

٢٢

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 ‫‪ -١‬إذا ﻛﺎن )اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷول( ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺸﺮط ﺑﻌﺪ ھﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪Past cont.‬‬
‫ﯾﻜﻮن ﺟﻮاب اﻟﺸﺮط )اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ( ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ‪past simple tense‬‬
‫‪As I was having much money, I would buy a computer‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
‫‪ -٢‬إذا ﻛﺎن )اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷول( ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺸﺮط ﺑﻌﺪ ھﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ‪Past simple.‬‬
‫ﯾﻜﻮن ﺟﻮاب اﻟﺸﺮط )اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ( ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪past cont. tense‬‬
‫‪As I had much money, I was going to buy a computer‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬

‫‪ -٣‬إذا ﻛ ﺎن )اﻟﻔﻌ ﻞ اﻷول( ﻓﻌ ﻞ اﻟ ﺸﺮط ﺑﻌ ﺪ ھ ﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷ ﺮة ﻓ ﻲ زﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤ ﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒ ﺴﯿﻂ ‪Presnt‬‬
‫‪ simple.‬ﯾﻜﻮن ﺟﻮاب اﻟﺸﺮط )اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ( ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ‪present simple‬‬
‫‪As I have much money, I buy a computer‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜ ﺎل‬

‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺻﻔﺔ ) ﺟﺪا ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن = ‪ , so-----that‬ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ =‪( too-----to‬‬

‫‪ -١‬إذا ﻛﺎن )اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷول( ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺸﺮط ﺑﻌﺪ ھﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪Past cont.‬‬
‫ﯾﻜﻮن ﺟﻮاب اﻟﺸﺮط )اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ( ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ‪past simple tense‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻣﺮﯾﺾ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻧﮫ ﻻ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻟﺬھﺎب إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ‪I was too ill to go to school‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻣﺮﯾﺾ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻧﮫ ﻻ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻟﺬھﺎب إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬
‫‪I was ill so that I can not go to school‬‬

‫‪٢٣‬‬

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