Penyatuan set

The union of two sets is a set containing all elements that are

in AA or in BB (possibly both). For example, {1,2}∪{2,3}={1,2,3}
{1,2}∪{2,3}={1,2,3}. Thus, we can write x∈(A∪B)x∈(A∪B) if and only if (x∈A)
(x∈A) or (x∈B)(x∈B). Note that A∪B=B∪AA∪B=B∪A. In Figure 1.4, the union of
sets AA and BB is shown by the shaded area in the Venn diagram

The union of two sets is a set containing all elements that are in A or in B (possibly both). For example,
{1,2}∪{2,3}={1,2,3}. Thus, we can write x∈(A∪B) if and only if (x∈A) or (x∈B). Note that A∪B=B∪A. In
Figure 1.4, the union of sets A and B is shown by the shaded area in the Venn diagram

Rajah 1: The shaded area shows the set B∪A.

Similarly we can define the union of three or more sets. In particular, if A1,A2,A3,⋯,An are n sets, their
union A1∪A2∪A3⋯∪An is a set containing all elements that are in at least one of the sets. We can write
this union more compactly by

¿ i=1 ¿ n Ai .

For example, if A1={a,b,c},A2={c,h},A3={a,d}, then ⋃iAi=A1∪A2∪A3={a,b,c,h,d}. We can similarly define

the union of infinitely many sets A1∪A2∪A3∪⋯.

Persilangan set

The intersection of two sets A and B, denoted by A∩B, consists of all elements that are both in A and−−−
B. For example, {1,2}∩{2,3}={2}. In Figure 1.5, the intersection of sets A and B is shown by the shaded
area using a Venn diagram.

Rajah 2: The shaded area shows the set B∩A

More generally, for sets A1,A2,A3,⋯, their intersection ⋂iAi is defined as the set consisting of the
elements that are in all Ai's. Figure 1.6 shows the intersection of three sets.
Rajah 3: The shaded area shows the set A∩B∩C

Pelengkap set

The complement of a set A, denoted by Ac or A¯, is the set of all elements that are in the universal set S
but are not in A. In Figure 1.7, A¯ is shown by the shaded area using a Venn diagram.

Rajah 4: The shaded area shows the set set A¯=Ac.

Perbezaan antara dua set

The difference (subtraction) is defined as follows. The set A−B consists of elements that are in A but not
in B. For example if A={1,2,3} and B={3,5}, then A−B={1,2}. In Figure 1.8, A−B is shown by the shaded
area using a Venn diagram. Note that A−B=A∩Bc.

Rajah 5: The shaded area shows the set A-B

two sets A and B are mutually exclusive or disjoint if they do not have any shared elements; i.e., their
intersection is the empty set, A∩B=∅. More generally, several sets are called disjoint if they are pairwise
disjoint, i.e., no two of them share a common element. Figure 1.9 shows three disjoint se
Rajah 6: Sets A,B, and C are disjoint