Small mammal aur large mammal me kn kn s type ke nephron hoty hyn

Small mammal aur large mammal me kisko ziada zroorat hti conc urine banane ki
What are autocoids
Difference between Proximal tubule and distal tubule

Counter current multiplier

Parts of nephrons
Membranes of pct
What are the ways to excrete out waster products from the body other than renal
system to maintain homeostasis?

Actions of hormones on kidney

Buffers and types
Mechanism of protein buffer
Nephrotic syndrome
Action of ANP on kidney

Pct function
Dct function
Hormones acting on dct
Gfr
Autoregulation
Renin function
Adh Function
By Dr nausheen
Dct function
Aldosterone mechanism of action
Adh mechanism of action
In which condition adh works
Symptom in which abnormal adh levels increase

GFR
Acid base regulation
Functions of kidney/nephrons
Mechanism of Aldosterone and ADH
Concentrated urine formation

Draw juxta medullary complex

Diuretic acting on pct
Note on acute renal failure
Note on micturition reflex
Factors increasing and decreasing thirst

Dr Uzma
Urine Dr full form and usme kia hota he?
Diabetes Insipidus.
Difference between DCT and……….. Collecting duct.
Dr nausheen
GFR factors imcreasing it
What does autoregulation mean, autoregulation of GFR
Transport Max definition, kiski high hoti hai sabse ziada (glucose) and what is its
value
Glomerular Membrane damage hota hai tou kia hota hai and konse condition mei
hota hai
Glucose in blood indicates?

Dr Nausheen
GFR (def, factors involved, factors what cause increased gfr)
Autoregulation mechnism in detail
ADH (Function, Mechanism in detail)
Dilute and conc urine (when which one is formed, conditions)
Tubular Fluid definition

Dr Nosheen
Gfr definition
Factors that increase GFR
Auto regulation
Jg Apparatus and its function
What happens when Efferent constriction occurs

Dr Akbar
ADH ka pora mechanism k kesy water reabsorption increase kesy krwata hai
Diabetes mellitus ka patient hai usko hyperkalemia hai usko konsy 2 hormones
daingy
Renal medullary interstitium mein concentratuon kesy maintain rhygi
Kf kiya hai?
Physiological condition jis mein surface area decrease hoga

Dr. Akbar
GFR bhargaya hai tw kese maintain hoga
Filtration fraction bharayga hai tw *KUCH TIME K BAAD GFR KIYA HOGA*
(Kam hoga due accumulation of protein)
Diabetes insipidis and types
Central diapetes insipidis main kiya hoga
ADH kam hua tw brain main konsi sensation jayengi
(THIRST)

Dr. Akbar
Steps for formation of conc. Urine.
Pehle counter current multiplier hota hai ya exchanger? Kyun hota hai counter
current exchanger? Kiya exchange karrahe hain?
^Detail mein dono ko define karo.
Konse nephrons conc. Urine banate hain aur kyun?
Micturition reflex, parasympathetic sympathetic supply of bladder, nerves
involved in these reflexes, functions of sympathetic nerves in bladder.
Aik aadmi ko anemia hua, tou kiya kidney ka koi role hai anemia hone mein?
Role of PROSTAGLANDINS
(bradykinin) on GFR
INCREASE GFR AND BLOOD FLOW
How it acts
- By DILATION of afferent arteriole
Role of angiotensin on GFR AND BLOOD FLOW HOW IT ACTS
- BY CONSTRICTION OF EFFERENT ARTERIOLE
Role of endothelin on GFR
Factors affecting reabsorption
How plasma collidal pressure increases in peritubalar Capillary Vasa Recta
Atonic bladder
Metabolic acidosis
Definition
Componsetion

Mam nosheen
T max def
What happens in pct?
Adh ka mechanism kia hai release ka?
Dct me kia hota? ( Conc urine)
Loop of henle me kia hota
Dct k cells pr konsa hormone act karta ?

Viva:
Diff between ERPF and TRBF…
What are Blood buffers
What are renal buffers

Difference between early and late dct.

Function of macula densa
Patient came to you how do you know patient is suffering from which acidosis or
alkalosis
Compensation of metabolic alkalosis
If effect constriction occur gfr will increase or decrease if increase how much
Function of na k 2cl Co transportet

Atonic bladder
Why catheterization is done
Autoregulation of GFR when GFR is decreased
Renal clearance formula