Particle production measurement in pp

collisions at √s = 13 TeV using Monte Carlo

event generator PYTHIA.

Aakash Shah

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 λ= h/p
Motivation
Why we need High Energy ?
The higher energy allow to probe the deep inside of the object
because of higher resolution probe.
Need for colliders ?
A. collider is a particle accelerator involving directed beams of particles. Examples: LHC in Europe and RHIC in
USA . To achieve high energy (order of TeV), we make use of colliders

Particle Production :
After a collision in a collider, large number of resonant particles are produced like mesons, kaons, as well as
baryons such as protons, neutron and many more particles.
Many direct and indirect DARK MATTER (DM) search experiment are on-going throughout the world. Recent
studies in theoretical particle physics indicate that dark matter can also be produced in colliders and decays into
standard model particles.
Event generator PYTHIA (more on slide 3) has a theoretical model for DM.
I used PYTHIA8 to study the particle production in pp collision at √s = 13 TeV with and without including some
DM processes.
Process that I used in my project
Scattering pp →Z' → X Xbar.
x and xbar= fermion and anti particles of fermion respectively
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 PYTHIA

The Pythia program is a standard tool for the generation of events in high-energy
collisions, which is used for studies of collision between
ee , pp, pA and many more.

ROOT
Root is the tool of choice for analyzing, storing and graphing High Energy Physics
data.A modular scientific software toolkit. It provides all
the functionalities needed to deal with big data
processing,statistical analysis, visualisation and storage. It
is mainly written in C++ but integrated with other languages
such as Python and R.
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 DATA SET
EVENT GENERATOR PYTHIA8240

SYSTEM OF COLLISION pp (PROTON-PROTON)

ENERGY (CENTRE OF MASS) 13 TeV

NO. OF EVENT GENERATED 8218468(without Dark Matter processes)

8220527(with Darkmatter processes)

PARTICLE FOR ANALYSIS Pion ( 𝝅 ), Kaon(K), Proton (p),

Deuteron(d)
Name Of No. of Particles Produce. No.of particles produce. Difference of Particle Per
Particle (without Dark Matter (with Dark Matter event (in %)
processes) processes)

Pion (𝝅) 7.923953 x 107 7.922545 x 107 3.9 x 10-1

Kaon (K) 6036103 6031903 6.9 x 10-2

Proton (p) 3971224 3970866 1.6 x 10-2

Deuteron (d) 12483 12591 1.2 x 10-3

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 Multiplicity Distribution of Particles

→ Produce Particle Count is inversely proportional to it’s mass.

→ Heavy the mass the less it is produce. 5
→ On increasing energy multiplicity of particles are also increased.
Transverse Momentum Distributions Of Particles

Formula of Transverse Momentum: pT = √(px2 + py2).

General Trend of curve:
At lower pT values particles has exponential trend while moving to higher pT
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value it follows power law.
 Ratio of Particles to their antiparticles vs pT

With DM process Without DM process

With DM process Without DM process

The ratio of particle to its antiparticle are independent of Transverse momentum.

The ratio remains almost same throughout the range of Transverse momentum. 7
 Ratio of particles to their antiparticles vs pT.

With DM process Without DM process

With DM process Without DM process

The ratio of particle to its antiparticle are independent of Transverse momentum. 8

The ratio remains almost same throughout the range of Transverse momentum.
CONCLUSION
→I have studied charged particles production in pp collision at centre of mass energy
13 TeV using M C generator.

→I have measured various kinametic variables of produced particles.

→ I found that the particles with low mass were more abundant.

→ The no. of particles and antiparticles produce are approximately same.

→ I do not observe any significant difference with Dark-Matter process and without
Dark-Matter processes.

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Acknowledgement
I am thankful to Prof. Bedangadas Mohanty for providing me this opportunity and
guiding me in my Project. I am also thankful to Dr. Ranbir Singh
without their constant guidance and support it would not possible to
complete my project. I would also like to thank Dr. Varchaswi
K S Kashyap, Vijay Iyer and Dukhishyam Mallick they
help me a lot in learning new softwares like ROOt and
Pythia and I am also Thankful to all the members of High
energy physics experimental lab and the fellow summer
project student of NISER they are always encourage me
during project and always ready for their support and guidance.

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THANK YOU

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Backup Slide

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13
 The Standard Model.
.The basic building blocks of matter are categorised into a table called Standard Model
which contains 6 quarks, 6 leptons and 5 bosons. These particles interact through three
forces strong, electromagnetic and weak force.

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