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Lec8 MC 106
Lec8 MC 106
Lec8 MC 106
}(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
Àj 8: ”Ì
({… §2.4)
ø. }
2. °ø(Fˇ|íÞ–íÞ , àÇý.
1. °øÓñí§.
1 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
2. °níˇóúkvÈ퉓0, ¹AÅ0.
3. °øt−í‚âóúkvÈíZ‰0.
4. °øëWþíYïóúkµ‘à퉓0.
ù. øõW
2 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
ú. ”Ìíòhì2
qƒb
4(t2 − 4)
g(t) = , t 6= 2
t−2
¹~ªší̧. D¦øåük 2, OBVBÔ
¡ 2 í t M, )ú@íƒbM g(t):
Å 2. “, )
4(t + 2)(t − 2)
g(t) = = 4(t + 2), t 6= 2
t−2
wÇ$4øÊ t = 2 „ì2íò(, Jø˛-Æ[ý„ì
2íõ. àÇý, ?×Û|ó°í”ÌÛï.
Å 3. Ê t = 2 íƒbMÌæÊD´, CÑSM, Ì
. à t Q¡ 2 ví”Ì (˚Ê t = 2 í”ÌM),
àÇý, ƒb
D}¨ƒb
{
4(t + 2), t 6= 2
f (t) =
10, t=2
J£}¨ƒb
{
4(t + 2), t 6= 2
h(t) =
18, t=2
Ê t = 2 íWÑÌ.°, Oºó°í”Ì, ¹
lim g(t) = lim f (t) = lim h(t) = 16
t→2 t→2 t→2
¤4ÄÑ”ÌMu«nÊ t = 2 Ë¡íƒbMíWщ
“, ]ƒbÊ t = 2 íWÑ, Ê°”Ìv, .xLS²ì
4, 6ÿuz, .Ûb5?ƒbÊ t = 2 íM, 7¥<ƒ
bÊ t = 2 Ë¡íWÑÌøš, ]ó°í”Ì.
â,HWæ£Åj, R|øOƒbíÝ£ì2.
ì2 1. ç x Q¡ a v, ƒb f í”ÌÑ L, pT
lim f (x) = L
x→a
J/ÑJƒbM f (x) ªL<ËÔ¡ L, ç x k}Ë
(D) Ô¡ (O.k) a v.
{
x + 2, x 6= 1
(b) g(x) = ; x=1
1, x=1
{
−1, x < 0
(c) h(x) = ; x=0
1, x≥0
1
(d) k(x) = 2 , x = 0
x
lim f (x) = 8
x→2
(b) àÇý,
lim g(x) = 3
x→1
(c) àÇý, ç x → 0+ v,
h(x) = 1
7 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
L<ËÔ¡ 1; Oç x → 0− v,
h(x) = −1
L<ËÔ¡ −1, Çø.°íb; 6ÿuz, ̶)|øu
°íõbU)ƒbM h(x) ªL<ËÔ¡, ç x âsi
Q¡ 0 v, ]
Å 4. (a) üæ,
lim f (x) = 8 = f (2)
x→2
¹Ê x = 2 í”ÌMkƒbM, O (b) üæ,
8 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
¹Ê x = 1 í”ÌM.kƒbM; ¤4yzp”Ì
u«nÊ#ìõË¡ƒbM퉓8$, DÊ#ìõíƒ
bMÌÉ.
û. ƒb”Ìíl
Î7,HJÇ$íjlƒbí”ÌÕ, ?ª;W-H
”Ìí4”JHbjlƒbí”Ì.
ìÜ 1 (”Ìí4”). q r D c Ñù_U)bç
<2íõb, /
1. lim c = c
x→a
9 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
2. lim x = a
x→a
âÇ$Cì2, ‡ùáÌéÍËA .
5. ¸Ïí”Ìk”Ìí¸Ï
6. í”Ìk”Ìí
lim [f (x)g(x)]
x→a
= [ lim f (x)][ lim g(x)] = LM
x→a x→a
7. ¼í”Ìk”Ìí¼
f (x) lim f (x) L
x→a
lim = = , M 6= 0
x→a g(x) lim g(x) M
x→a
10 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
W 2. t°-®á”Ì.
(a) lim x3
x→2
√
(d) lim 2x3 x2 + 7
x→3
2x2 + 1
(e) lim
x→2 x + 1
( )3/2
2x2+x+5
(f) lim
x→1 x4 + 1
√
x x2 + 7
(g) lim √
x→3 2x − 2x + 3
11 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
(e) ;W”Ìíζ£óÉ4”,
(g) ;W”Ìí4”,
√
√
x +7 x2 lim x x2 + 7
x→3
lim √ = √
x→3 2x − 2x + 3 lim (2x − 2x + 3)
x→3
√
3 16 12
= √ = =4
2(3) − 9 3
13 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
Å 5. ìÜ 1 2í”Ì«4”, ÛbÊ®Aƒbí”
ÌÌæÊí‘K-nA
, ¹ÛblŒ®Aƒbí”Ì
u´æÊ, 1ÊÌæÊí8”-, nªUà, à
1 1
lim = =∞
x→1 (x − 1)2 0 +
J£
x2 − 2x −1
lim = + = −∞
x→1 (x − 1)2 0
Ì.æÊ, w2 0+ [ýL<Ô¡ 0 í£b, TÑl
”Ìvíø.Œ, O
( )
1 − 2x
x2
lim +
x→1 (x − 1)2 (x − 1)2
(x − 1)2
= lim = lim 1 = 1
x→1 (x − 1)2 x→1
1 x2 − 2x
6= lim + lim =∞−∞
x→1 (x − 1)2 x→1 (x − 1)2
C
x2 + 1 1+0
lim = =∞
x→0 2x2 0+
14 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
J£
x2 0
lim = =0
x→0 x2 + 1 0+1
O
( )
x2
+1 x2 1 1
lim · 2 = lim =
x→0 2x2 x +1 x→0 2 2
x2 + 1 x2
6= lim · lim 2 =∞·0
x→0 2x2 x→0 x + 1
Çø„ì.
C
x2 + 1 0+1
lim = =∞
x→0 x2 0+
J£
x2 + 1 0+1
lim = =∞
x→0 3x2 0+
O
x 2+1
x2+1 lim
lim 2x
2
= lim 3 = 3 6= x→0 x2 = ∞
x→0 x +1
2
x→0 x 2+1 ∞
3x lim
x→0 3x2
¢uø„ì.
15 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
ü. „ì
J}äD}‚í”ÌÌÑ 0, ¹Hp(, ) 00 , à
4(x2 − 4) Hp 2 4(4 − 4) 0
lim = =
x→2 x−2 2−2 0
˚T„ì (indeterminate form), [ý̶üìí
¾, .?J 00 TÑ”Ì , Ûbªø¥TÜ . 0 [ý}äD
0
}‚tÄ, TÜíj¶Ñv|1¾ tÄ, y°”
Ì, à
W 3. t°-®á”Ì.
16 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
4(x2 − 4)
(a) lim
x→2 x−2
z3 − 8
(b) lim
z→2 z − 2
x2 − x − 6
(c) lim 2
x→−2 x + x − 2
1 −1
1+h
(d) lim
h→0 h
<j> (a) H x = 2, ) 0
0 , „ì, [ýtÄ
x − 2. }j, )
4(x2 − 4) 4(x + 2)(x − 2)
lim = lim
x→2 x−2 x→2 x−2
= lim 4(x + 2) = 4(4) = 16
x→2
(b) Hp, ) 0
0 , „ì, [ýtÄ z − 2. }j, )
z3 − 8 (z − 2)(z 2 + 2z + 4)
lim = lim
z→2 z − 2 z→2 z−2
= lim (z 2 + 2z + 4) = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12
z→2
17 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
(c) Hp, )
(−2)2 − (−2) − 6 4+2−6 0
= =
(−2)2 + (−2) − 2 4−2−2 0
„ì, [ýtÄ x + 2. }j, )
x2 − x − 6 (x + 2)(x − 3)
lim 2 = lim
x→−2 x + x − 2 x→−2 (x + 2)(x − 1)
x−3 −5 5
= lim = =
x→−2 x − 1 −3 3
(d) Hp, ) 0
0 „ì, [ýtÄ h. ¦}“, )
1 1−(1+h)
1+h −1 1+h
lim = lim
h→0 h h→0 h
−h −1
= lim = lim = −1
h→0 h(1 + h) h→0 1 + h
W 4 t°-®á”Ì.
√
1+h−1
(a) lim
h→0 h
x−9
(b) lim √
x→9 x − 3
18 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
√
<j> (a) H h = 0, ) 1+0−10 = 0 , „ì, [ý
0
tÄ h. Ü“, )
√
1+h−1
lim
h→0 h√ √
1+h−1 1+h+1
= lim · √
h→0 h 1+h+1
(1 + h) − 1
= lim √
h→0 h( 1 + h + 1)
1 1 1
= lim √ =√ =
h→0 1 + h + 1 1+0+1 2
(b) H x = 9, ) 0
0 , „ì, [ýtÄ x − 9.
Ü“, )
√
x−9 x−9 x+3
lim √ = lim √ ·√
x→9 x − 3 x→9 x − 3 x+3
√
(x − 9)( x + 3)
= lim
x→9 x−9 √
√
= lim ( x + 3) = 9 + 3 = 6
x→9
Ì. àÇý, Ì×Û|ç t → ∞ C x → ∞, x → −∞
v, ƒbM}BVBÔ¡ø ìb 400 C 2.
ì2 2. ç x Ìä]Ó (¹ x → ∞) v, ƒb f í
”ÌÑ L, pT
lim f (x) = L
x→∞
J/ÑJƒbM f (x) ªL<ËÔ¡ L, ç x D (k}
Ë) ×v.
lim f (x) = M
x→−∞
J/ÑJƒbM f (x) ªL<ËÔ¡ M , ç x D (k}
Ë) üv.
W 5. Iùƒb
{
−1, x < 0
f (x) =
1, x≥0
/
1
g(x) = 2 , x 6= 0
x
20 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
t°-®á”Ì.
1
ìÜ 2. úFí n > 0, J n ì2, †
x
1 1
lim =0 / lim =0
x→∞ xn x→−∞ xn
Å. °ÜƒbÊ̤±í”ÌítT¶Ñ, °Î}‚
í|òŸjá xn (, y;W”Ìí4”£ìÜ 2 °M.
~p, ¤4°Ê̤í”ÌíT¶, .u°ÊøÌb a
í”ÌíT¶.
W 6. t°-®á”Ì.
x2 − x + 3
(a) lim
x→∞ 2x3 + 1
−2x3 + 3x2 − 1
(b) lim
x→∞ x2 − 2x + 2
−2x3 − 3x2 + 1
(c) lim
x→−∞ 10x2 + 2x + 5
3x4 − 8x + 5
(d) lim
x→−∞ 5x4 + 6x3 − 7
22 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
<j> (a) Hp ∞, ) ∞
∞ , Çø„ì, Ûªø¥TÜ.
;W°Ê̤±”ÌítT¶, °Î}‚í|òŸjá
x3 1;WìÜ 1 DìÜ 2, )
1− 1 + 3
x2 − x + 3 x x2 x3
lim = lim
x→∞ 2x3 + 1 x→∞ 2 + x13
0+ − 0+ + 0+ 0±
= lim +
= =0
x→∞ 2+0 2
(b) Hp ∞, ) −∞
∞ , „ì, Ûªø¥TÜ. âtT
¶, °Î}‚í|òŸjá x2 1;W”Ìí4”DìÜ
2, )
(c) Hp −∞, ) ∞
∞ , „ì, ]°Î}‚í|òŸj
á x2 1;W”Ìí4”DìÜ 2, )
−2x3 − 3x2 + 1 −2x − 3 + x12
lim = lim
x→−∞ 10x2 + 2x + 5 x→−∞ 10 + 2 + 5
x x2
−2(−∞) − 3 + 0+ ∞
= lim − +
= =∞
x→−∞ 10 + 0 + 0 10
23 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
O°Î}äí|òŸjá x3, )
−2 − 3x + 1
3
x = −2 − 0 − + 0−
Ÿ = lim 10
x→−∞
x + 2
2 + 5
3 0− + 0+ + 0−
x x
−2
= + −
= „ø
.qüìÑ 0 C 0
W 7 q`T x "Aäí,A…Ñ
C(x) = 100x + 200, 000 (j)
†`T x "AäíÌA…
C(x) 200, 000
C(x) = = 100 + (j/")
x x
t° lim C(x) 1j„.
x→∞
24 2×bçÍ:PM
Í }(AÚ, 106ç) Àj 8: ”Ì
<j> ;W”Ì4”£ìÜ 2,
( )
200, 000
lim C(x) = lim 100 +
x→∞ x→∞ x
= 100 + 0 = 100
[ýçß¾ (`Tb¾) Ó‹v, ©"Aäí ìA…
200, 000
x
ìË]ÁB 0, J_k©"AäíÌA…}Q¡Þß
íÀPA… (unit cost of production) $100.
25 2×bçÍ:PM