American Psychological Association (2018). Stress in America: Generation Z. Stress in America™ Survey.

https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2018/stress-gen-z.pdf

Barber, B. K., Stolz, H. E., & Olsen, J. A. (2005). Parental support, psychological control, and behavioral
control: Assessing relevance across time, culture, and method. Monographs of the Society for the
Research in Child Development, 70, 1–137 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2005.00365.x.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Well-being concepts 2018 [Available
from: https://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/wellbeing.htm#eight.

Confalonieri, E., Bacchini, D., Olivari, M. G., Affuso, G., Tagliabue, S., & Miranda, M. C. (2010).
Adolescenti e stili educativi genitoriali: Quale percezione? Psicologia dell’educazione, 4, 9-27.

Deslandes, R., & Bertrand, R. (2005). Motivation of parental involvement in secondary-level schooling.
Journal of Educational Research, 98, 164-175.

Durbrow E, Peñ a L, Masten A, Sesma A, Williamson I. Mothers’ conceptions of child competence in

contexts of poverty: The Philippines, St. Vincent, and the United States. International Journal of
Behavioral Development. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1080/016502501316934860

Fuentes, M. C., García, J. F., Gracia, E., & Lila, M. (2011). Autoconcepto y ajuste psicosocial en la
adolescencia [self-concept and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence].

Heaven, P. C., Newbury, K., & Mak, A. (2004). The impact of adolescent and parental characteristics on
adolescent levels of delinquency and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 173–185
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00077-1.
https://michaelhechter.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/a-theory-of-the-value-of-children.pdf

Hoffman L. Cross-cultural differences in childrearing goals. In: Levine R, Miller P, West M,

editors. Parental behavior in diverse societies.

Hopkins, J. R. (2000). Encyclopaedia of psychology. Washington DC & New York: American Psychology
Association and Oxford University Press.

Independent. Generation Z teenagers have more mental health problems despite drops in smoking,
drugs and antisocial behavior. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/teenage-depression-
mental-health-drugs-antisocial-behaviour-generation-z-a8800291.html

Khanjani, M., Shahidi, S., Fathabadi, J., Mazaheri, M., Shokri, O. (2014). Factor structure and
psychometric properties of the Ryff’s scale of Psychological well-being, short form (18-item) among
male and female students. Thoughts and Behavior in Clinical Psychology, 9(32), 27-36.
Garber, J., Robinson, N. S., & Valentiner, D. P. (1997). The relation between parenting and adolescent
depression: Self-worth as a mediator. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12, 12–33
https://doi.org/10.1177/0743554897121003

Gerard, J. M., & Booth, M. Z. (2015). Family and school influences on adolescents' adjustment: The
moderating role of youth hopefulness and aspirations for the future. Journal of Adolescence, 44, 1–16
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.06.003.
Jocano, FL, (1998).  Filipino social organization: Traditional kinship and family
organization. https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Filipino+social+organization:
+Traditional+kinship+and+family+organization&author=FL+Jocano&publication_year=
1998&

Johnson, L. E., & Greenberg, M. T. (2013). Parenting and early adolescent internalizing: The importance
of teasing apart anxiety and depressive symptoms. Journal of Early Adolescence, 33, 201–226
https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0272431611435261.

Lee TS, Sun HF, Chiang HH. Development and validation of the short-form Ryff's psychological well-being
scale for clinical nurses in Taiwan. J Med Sci [serial online] 2019 [cited 2022 Aug 15];39:157-62. Available
from: https://www.jmedscindmc.com/text.asp?2019/39/4/157/252647

McKinsey & Company.(2022). Addressing the unprecedented behavioral-health challenges facing Generation Z.
https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/addressing-the-unprecedented-
behavioral-health-challenges-facing-generation-z

Morin, A. (2022). How to Improve Your Psychological Well-Being. Your emotional health is key to a happy life.
https://www.verywellmind.com/improve-psychological-well-being-4177330

O’Connor, T. G. (2002). Annotation: The ‘effects’ of parenting reconsidered: Findings, challenges, and
applications. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 555–572 https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-
7610.00046.

Paras, N., Espiritu, N., Perante, L., Dalmacio, J., Dianito, A., Bartolome, R., Buenaobra, J., Espinosa, J.,
Mohamitano, A. (2021). The Psychological Well-Being and Academic Performance of Filipino Freshmen
Tertiary Students Amidst the New Normal of Education.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357097695_The_Psychological_Well-
Being_and_Academic_Performance_of_Filipino_Freshmen_Tertiary_Students_Amidst_the_New_Norma
l_of_Education

Pelegrina, S., Garcia, M. C., & Casanova, P. (2002). Los estilos educativos de los padres y la competencia
académica de los adolescentes [parenting styles and adolescents’ academic performance]. Infancia y
Aprendizaje: Journal for the Study of Education and Development, 25, 147–168
https://doi.org/10.1174/021037002317417796.

Perez, J. (2012). Gender Difference in Psychological Well-being among Filipino College Student Samples.
http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_13_July_2012/8.pdf
Philippine Daily Inquirer, (2019). Why Gen Z is most vulnerable to mental illness.
https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/319662/why-gen-z-is-most-vulnerable-to-mental-illness/#ixzz7aVSpVRCP

Rohner, R. P., & Khaleque, A. (2003). Reliability and validity of the parental control scale: A meta-analysis
of cross-cultural and intracultural studies. Journal of CrossCultural Psychology, 34, 643–649
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022103255650.

Seifert, K. L. (1991). Educational psychology. (2nd ed.). USA: Houghton Miffin Co.

Irving E. Sigel, Ann V. McGillicuddy-DeLisi, Jacqueline J Goodnow. (1992). Parental

Belief Systems. The Psychological Consequences for Children.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315807539

The Annie E. Casey Foundation (2021). Generation Z and Mental Health. Retrieved June 29, 2022, from
https://www.aecf.org/blog/generation-z-and-mental-health

Garber, J., Robinson, N. S., & Valentiner, D. P. (1997). The relation between parenting and adolescent
depression: Self-worth as a mediator. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12, 12–33
https://doi.org/10.1177/0743554897121003

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.469.3457&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Lynch, F. (1973). Four readings on Philippine values. https://www.pssc.org.ph/wp-

content/psscarchives/Works/Frank%20X.%20Lynch/Four%20Readings%20on
%20Philippine%20Values.pdf

Zulkefly, N.S. and R. Baharudin. Using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to assess the
psychological health of Malaysian college students