Crisfred Kyle G.

Pereira
A201
EnviSci Reviewer

Module 1:
Introduction to Ecology
1. This is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of life and the interactions
between organisms and their environment- Ecology
2. What is the Greek word of ecology in oikos and logos? “Household, home or house” and
“knowledge”
3. What are the principle of Ecology?
-Everything is connected to everything else.
-Everything must go somewhere.
-Sun is the source of life.
-Nature knows best.
-Ours is a finite planet.
-All life forms are important.
4. It is the systematic study of our environment and our place in it either globally or locally, and
its living and non-living components. Environmental Science
5. It integrates information from natural sciences which include? biology, chemistry, geography,
agriculture
6. It integrates information from social sciences which include? economics, political science,
sociology, history, philosophy and ethics.
7. This is the goals of environmental science. To develop a sustainable world, a world in which
the supply of food, water, building materials, clean air, and other resources can sustain
human populations to continue to exists indefinitely with high standard of living and health.
8. it is the process by which people develop awareness, knowledge, and concern of the
environment and its diverse values and processes, and learn to use this understanding to
preserve , conserve and utilize the environment in a sustainable manner for the benefit of present
and future generations. Environmental Education.
9. The smallest unit of an element that still retains the characteristic and properties of that
element. Atom.
10. It is the unit of matter in two or more atoms of the same element or different ones, are
bonded together. Molecule
11. The specialized part of a cell performing one or more specific functions. Organelle
12. Basic living unit of all plants and animals. Cell
13. The group of cells and intercellular substances that function together in one or more
specialized tasks. Tissue
14. It is the living thing considered as a whole, whether composed one cell or many. Organism
15. The stable environment in which living and non living things interact and which material are
used over and over again. Ecosystem

Module 2:
Characteristics of Biosphere
16. It is the area of the earth in which life is possible. Biosphere
17. A stable environment in which living and non-living things interact and in which material are
used over and over again. Ecosystem
18. The all living organisms in an ecosystem. Biotic Community
17. These are the characteristics of Biosphere.
-Everything in it is living or recently living, meaning those that haven’t decomposed yet.
-The existence of food webs or feeding relationships that connects organisms on the basis of
energy flow from one species to another.
-Each region of the biosphere has distinctive energy flows trophic levels and nutrients.
20. The place where the organisms live and can able to survive and reproduce. Habitat
21. It is the functional role and position of an organism in the ecosystem. Niche
22. The progressive change in plant and animal life of an area. Succession
23. A natural unit of living and non-living components that interact to form a stable system in
which the exchange of material follows a circular path. Biome
24. The region of the open sea beyond the continental shelf, above the oceanic basins. Oceanic
Province
25. These are the 4 Zones of oceanic province. Euphotic Zone, Bathyal Zone, Abyssal Zone
and Hadal Zone.
26. It is Characterized by having a low salt concentration than the marine biome. Fresh water
biomes.
27. 3 type of fresh water biomes. Lotic or running water and Lentic or standing water
28. It is characterized by a hot climate and strongly monsoonal weather patterns. Tropical Zone.
29. Attributable directly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere
and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
Climate change or change in climate.
30. This is the result because the air is stable. Good clear weather

Module 3:
Fundamentals of Ecology
31. It is defined as the number of individuals of a particular species in giver area. Population.
32. The study of the variables that determine the abundance and distribution of a population in
time and space. Population Ecology
33. The number of individuals/per unit area (e.g., per acre or hectare) or unit volume (e.g. in a
column of water). Density.
34. These are the characteristics of population. Density and Spacing
35. The number of individuals who reach the next year of life. Survivorship.
36. It is the number of individuals born/ designated time frame. Birth.
37. The number of individuals that die each year. Mortality.
38. The factors of influencing various population of organism. Size, Density, Distribution and
Growth.
39. The number of individuals of a certain species per unit area of volume. Population Density.
40. It is the good job opportunities encourage high population densities, particularly in large
cities around the world. High Density.
41. It is the limited to job opportunities cause some areas to be sparsely populated. Low Density.
42. A purpose of giving a better picture of population density, distribution within the area needs
to be known. Distribution Patterns.
 Module 4:
Interactions Among Organism in a Community
43. A recording of the various species in the community Northern hardwood forest community
of central to northern England. Composition.
44. The habitat factors can be divided into two major groupings. Physical and Biotic Factors
45. It is the elevation, steepness, slope direction, soil type, and water availability. Terrestrial
Habits.
46. It is the salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, flow rate of water. Aquatic
Habits
47. The species’ potential to use available resources in the absence of relations with other species
or if there were no competition. Fundamental niche.
48. The ability of the species to use available resources in the presence of interactions with other
species. Realized niche.
49. A organisms in a community compete with other species for food, shelter, water, and other
survival needs of the species. Competition.
50. These are the type of competition. Intraspecific and Interspecific.
51. The consumption of one organism by another where the consumed organism (prey) was alive
when the predator first attacked it. Predation.
52. It is a relationship between two species in which the host is harmed, but not killed
immediately, and the species feeding on it (parasite) is benefited. Parasitism.
53. It is a relationship between species that have developed a positive impact and dependency on
each other. Mutualism.
54. It is a relationship between species where one organism benefits from the association and the
other organism is neither helped or harmed. Commensalism.
55. The person who first recognize the two categories of niche. George Evelyn Hutchinson.
 Module 5:
Nature of Ecosystem
56. The nonliving parts the physical environment: water, air, soil, temperature, light, inorganic
nutrients and weather conditions. Abiotic Components.
57. It is living parts composed of a habitat and a niche. Biotic Components.
58. The chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs plants – ‘base’ on the food chain. Autotrophs or
producers.
59. The herbivores feed on plants; many are adapted to live on a diet high in cellulose (graze
directly on plants). Heterotrophs.
60. The Energy enters the ecosystem in the form of sunlight, captured by plants and other
photosynthetic organisms. Flow of Energy.
61. The transfer of energy from plants through a series of other organisms constitutes food
chains. Food Chain.
62. The feed on herbivores, omnivores, and other carnivores. Carnivores.
63. Consume on dead animals the final consumer of the group use energy available in dead
plants and animals transform organic material into inorganic material. Decomposers.
64. It refers to the parts of food chain or nutritive series in a group of organisms secures food.
Tropic Levels.
 Module 6:
Basic Components of the Ecosystem
65. It is the units or weights may be used because energy is stored in the organic compounds,
which compose the animal bodies. Energy Units.
66. It is the molecular work, continuation or nerve impulses and synthesis of complex food
molecules are some of the examples in which energy transfer involved. Bioenergetics.
67. It is the law where energy cannot be created or destroyed. First Law of Thermodynamics.
68. It is the law where no process of energy transformation will spontaneously occur unless there
is degradation of energy from concentrated form into a dispersal form. Second Law of
Thermodynamics.
69. It is the processes of ecosystem. Cycling of chemical elements and Flow of energy.
70. It Representing biomass, number of organisms, or energy content of each trophic level in a
food web, from producer to the final consumer populations show trophic levels stacked one on
top of the other generally show that biomass and energy content decrease from one trophic level
to the next? Ecological Pyramids.
71. It pertain to the amount of energy being transferred from one trophic level to another.
Follows the 10% rule, the amount of energy from one level to the next is reduced by a magnitude
of 10. Pyramid of Energy.
 Module 7:
Biological Diversity
72. It is often used to refer to the total number of different species on Earth. A collection of this
biodiversity would include human beings, Bengal tigers, sugar maples, oyster mushrooms,
bacteria, and the millions of other living organisms found on Earth. Biological Diversity.
73. It refers to the change in inherited characteristics of a population from generation to
generation. Biological Evolution.
74. The four process that lead to evolution. Mutation, Natural Selection, Migration and
Genetic Drift.
75. It is defined as the permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. DNA can also be
altered when an internal environment agent comes into contact with it such as radiation, x-rays,
or gamma rays. Mutation.
76. One population of species to a habitat formerly occupied by another group of species can
lead to changes in gene frequency. Migration.
77. It is refers to the random changes in the frequency of a gene in a population as a result of
chance rather than a mutation, selection, or migration. Genetic Drift.
78. The three concepts of Biological Diversity. Genetic, Habitat and Species Diversity.
79. It is the range of habitats in a given unit of area. Habitat Diversity.
80. It refers to the number and distribution of species in a given location. Species Diversity.