Scientists will have difficulties when discussing their study

results.

Communication problem in world trade and business

 water displacement method

vernier caliper gives more accurate measurement than a ruler .

A reading obtained which is closest to

the actual value. Volume= Length x width x height

Zero error is obtained when a reading is taken when there is no object in

the vernier caliper.

Yes, vernier caliper can be

used to measure the Take the average value of repeated readings.
thickness of a paper
because it has a reading of
0.01 cm or 0.1 mm.
 A method to measure the volume of irregular object
(stone) based on the amount of water displaced.

Less dense object will float and denser object

will sink
 Cell wall ------------------- To fix cell shape

Chloroplast ------------------To absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

Vacuole --------------------- To be filled with cell sap and to provide support

( maintain the turgidity of cell)

Euglena

Spirogyra

Chlamydomonas
Plant cell

Animal cell
A, C

Vacuole
B

Both have nucleus

Both have cytoplasm
Both have cell membrane
Both have mitochondria
Contains chloroplast and can
carry out photosynthesis
Have the characteristics of
animal and plant cells.
 Unicellular organism is made up of one cell R.
but multicellular organism is made up of
more than one cell.

P does not contain nucleus but Q contains

nucleus.

Plant cell

P has biconcave shape which allows greater surface

No. Some microorganisms such as spirogyra area for the transport of oxygen. P contains
is a multicellular organism. It can only be seen haemoglobin which helps to transport oxygen
under microscope. efficiently.

Q is neurone (nerve cell). It

carries information in the form of
impulse.

Stoma is the tiny pore

between guard cells that
allows gases exchange
during photosynthesis
and transpiration.

Tissue
System

X (tissue) is made up of a group of

cells with specific function.
P, Q, R
Y (system)is made up of a group of
organs with related functions.
S, T

S, T skin
lung and kidney

Excrete waste
 To break the cell wall of leaf

To remove chlorophyll
Carbon dioxide + sunlight + water --> Glucose + oxygen + water vapour

To test the presence

starch
Produce glucose for the plant
and provide oxygen for animals

P, Q, S
Starch is
absent

Glucose + oxygen --> energy + carbon dioxide +

water vapour

Starch is
present
Photosynthesis release oxygen but cell respiration
absorb oxygen
Photosynthesis absorb carbon dioxide but cell
respiration release carbon dioxide
Be careful when handling hot water and
glassware
In photosynthesis, oxygen will be released and used by
animals. In cell respiration, animals will release carbon
dioxide and the gas is used in photosynthesis. Keep ethanol away from flame
Sunlight is needed for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide is needed for
photosynthesis

The presence of sunlight

The presence of starch / The presence of carbon dioxide
Colour change in iodine
solution
The presence of starch / The colour change in Iodine solution

Absorb carbon dioxide

To prevent photosynthesis

Plant B can produce starch (Iodine solution change from brown to dark
Plant K will be able to produce starch (Iodine change blue). Plant A cannot produce starch (No colour change in Iodine solution).
from brown to dark blue). Plant J will not be able to
produce starch ( no colour change in iodine)

Plant B can absorb carbon dioxide to carry out photosynthesis. So, iodine
Carbon dioxide solution can detect the presence of starch. However, plant A is not
water provided with carbon dioxide so it cannot carry out photosynthesis.
Therefore, no change in iodine solution.

type of plant
Heart beats faster, metabolism rate increases and body movement increases.

To release heat

Open and close to allow

gases exchange during
photosynthesis and
transpiration.
A parent cell is divided into two daughter cells

Paramecium

Does not require two parents

Does not require fertilisation

Produce offspring

Prevent extinction
 cannot move
Can move both are
reproductive
cells

biggest cell
smallest cell

produced both contain produced in

in testes genetic ovary
materials
(DNA)
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
 tail middle piece/
middle part
head

allow the sperm to swim to fallopian tube

Sperm can move but ovum cannot

move by its own.
menstruation - Uterine lining breaks down

A Repair - Uterine lining thicken

C Fertile - the release of mature ovum

D Premenstrual - Uterine lining continues to thicken and

prepare for implantation. However, if fertilisation does not
occur, uterine lining will break down and enter mentruation
phase.