Outcomes Elementary Vocabulary Builder  Unit 11
11 FOOD
Page 97
bill  /bɪl/ Noun
a bill is a list that shows how much you have to pay
for something
Collocates:  pay a bill | a bill for something
I asked the waiter for the bill | I paid the electricity bill
yesterday | they’ve just sent us a bill for £200 | here’s
the bill for the work we did for you | can I have the bill
please (what you say in a restaurant when you have
finished your meal)
chip  /tʃɪp/ Noun
chips are long thin pieces of potato that have been fried
in deep, hot oil
steak and chips | fish and chips is a typical English dish |
a portion of chips (enough for one person) | do you want
chips or rice with your chicken? | my chips are cold!
cookery  /ˈkʊk(ə)ri/ Noun uncount
cookery is the activity of preparing and cooking food
a cookery book | I don’t really like cookery programmes |
he opened a cookery school in Cirencester
dessert  /dɪˈzɜː(r)t/ Noun
a dessert is a dish of sweet food that you eat at the end
of a meal
a fruit dessert | I don’t want dessert – just the bill please
| I never eat desserts | would you like to see the dessert
menu? | what’s for dessert? | all the desserts were
delicious
fried  /fraɪd/ Adjective
fried food has been cooked in very hot oil or butter
fried potatoes | a fried egg | chicken with fried rice |
you can have fried or grilled mushrooms
Verb:  fry
garlic  /ˈɡɑː(r)lɪk/ Noun uncount
garlic is a small vegetable with a white or pink skin, a
little bit like an onion. Garlic has a very strong taste, and
a little garlic is sometimes added to food to give
it flavour
fry the onions and garlic for a few minutes | there’s too
much garlic in this dish | I can smell garlic in the kitchen |
garlic is very good for you
onion  /ˈʌnjən/ Noun
an onion is a vegetable with a thin brown or red skin that
you use in cooking. It has a strong flavour, and when you
cut it it makes your eyes produce water
fry the onions in butter | a kilo of onions | use red onions
in the salad | I hate cutting onions | you need a cup of
chopped onions (cut into very small pieces) | thin slices
of onion
order  /ˈɔː(r)də(r)/ Verb
if you order something, you ask for it to be sent to you or
made ready for you
I ordered a new washing machine last week | I’d like to
order a taxi to the station | you can order them online |
we don’t have any in the shop, but we can order one for
you | if you order it today, we can deliver it to you before
the weekend
Noun:  order
Collocates:  place an order
pregnant  /ˈpreɡnənt/ Adjective
if a woman is pregnant, a baby is growing inside her
she was eight months pregnant | you shouldn’t eat
raw meat if you are pregnant | she looks pregnant | a
pregnant mum | his wife is pregnant | she got pregnant
when she was 19
Noun:  pregnancy
soft drink  /ˌsɒft ˈdrɪŋk/ Noun
soft drinks are drinks like orange juice that do not have
alcohol in them
get some soft drinks for the children | do you have any
other soft drinks apart from orange juice? | I’m driving, so
just a soft drink for me, please
soup  /suːp/ Noun uncount
soup is a food that is made with meat or vegetables and
is mostly liquid
a bowl of tomato soup | I’ll have the chicken soup please
| I’ve made some soup for lunch | a tin of soup | home-
made soup is much better
spice  /spaɪs/ Noun
spices are plants which have a strong taste and that are
added to food to give a nice flavour. Food with a lot of
spices in it is spicy
add some spices to the dish | I like to cook with spices |
they use a lot of spices in Indian cookery
Adjective:  spicy
sweets  /swiːts/ Noun plural
sweets are small pieces of food which have sugar in
them or that taste like fruit. Children like to eat sweets
sweets are bad for your teeth | I never eat sweets |
a packet of sweets | my uncle gave me some sweets |
a bag of sweets
weight  /weɪt/ Noun uncount
your weight is how heavy you are
Collocates:  lose weight | gain/put on weight
I want to lose weight | she gained a lot of weight
(became much heavier) when she was pregnant | I try
to watch my weight (eat carefully so that I don’t get
heavier) | he worries about his weight
Verb:  weigh
© 2017 National Geographic Learning  1

Pages 98–99
add  /æd/ Verb
if you add something to something else, you put the two
together
they’ve added 15% to our bill for service | if you add 15
and 22 you get 37 | add some garlic to the soup | can
you add my name to the list? | add some cold water to
my drink
blood  /blʌd/ Noun uncount
blood is the red liquid that carries oxygen around your
body, and which is pumped by your heart
I want the steak well cooked – no blood, please | he lost
a lot of blood after the accident | I can’t stand the sight
of blood | there were blood stains (marks) on the carpet |
his head was covered in blood
chicken  /ˈtʃɪkɪn/ Noun
a chicken is a bird that cannot fly. Chickens are kept for
their meat, and for their eggs. The meat that you eat is
called chicken
roast chicken | a chicken sandwich | a bowl of chicken
soup | chicken with fried rice | there were chickens
running around outside the farmhouse | a cold
chicken salad
course  /kɔː(r)s/ Noun
in a meal, the courses are the separate dishes that you
eat, one after the other. You usually have a starter, then
the main course, then a dessert
a three-course meal | I won’t have a first course, thank
you | the first two courses were lovely, but the dessert
was horrible | what are you having for your main course?
full  /fʊl/ Adjective
if you are full, or full up, you have eaten a lot of food and
cannot eat more
I won’t have dessert, I’m full | I feel full after such a big
dinner | no more, thank you, I’m full up
ice cream  /ˌaɪs ˈkriːm/ Noun
ice cream is a cold, sweet food, usually made of frozen
milk and fruit, chocolate, or nuts
I had ice cream for dessert | all the children wanted an
ice cream | how can you eat ice cream in the middle
of winter? | my ice cream has melted (become liquid
because it is too warm) | chocolate ice cream
include  /ɪnˈkluːd/ Verb
if one thing includes another, the second thing is a part
of the first thing
the bill includes service | breakfast includes tea or
coffee | the price includes flight, hotel, and all meals | the
concert included two pieces by Beethoven | free wi-fi is
included in the price of the hotel room
milk  /mɪlk/ Noun uncount
milk is a white liquid produced by cows, which you can
drink and use in cooking
the price of milk has gone up again | cheese and butter
are made from milk | put the milk in the fridge | we’ve run
out of milk (we don’t have any left) | do you take milk in
your tea? | she poured milk over her breakfast cereals
Outcomes Elementary Vocabulary Builder  Unit 11
ready  /ˈredi/ Adjective
if you are ready to do something, you are prepared and
able to do it immediately
Collocates:  ready to do something | ready for something
are you ready to order now? | at the age of 16, I was
ready to leave home | he was still getting ready when
the taxi arrived | aren’t you ready yet? | she was getting
ready for school
recommend  /ˌrekəˈmend/ Verb
if you recommend something, you tell someone that it is
good and that they should get one or do it
Collocates:  recommend doing something
our waiter recommended the fish | I can recommend
the restaurant in Bridge Street | I need to buy a new
car – what model would you recommend? | a friend of
mine recommended a new online shop | I can strongly
recommend swimming in the sea | I can recommend the
ice cream here. It’s delicious
Noun: recommendation
Collocates:  on someone’s recommendation
salad  /ˈsæləd/ Noun
salad is a dish of raw, cold vegetables
a tomato salad | a ham salad | I ordered burger and
chips with a salad | I’ll have a salad as a side dish (at the
same time as the main dish) | I usually have a salad for
lunch | do you want a cooked meal, or shall we have
a salad?
service  /ˈsɜː(r)vɪs/ Noun uncount
in a shop or restaurant, the service is the way that the
staff help the customers. In some restaurants, you pay
for the food and also have to pay extra for the service
the bill includes service | the service at the restaurant
was very good | you don’t get very good service in that
restaurant | she complained about the service
Verb:  serve
starter  /ˈstɑː(r)tə(r)/ Noun
starters or a starter is a small dish of food that you have
at the beginning of a meal, before the main course
I’ll have the soup for starters | would you like a starter,
sir? | the starters were very expensive | I won’t have
a starter – I’ll have a dessert later instead | the price
includes a starter, main dish, and dessert
well  /wel/ Adverb
if you cook food well, you cook it for a long time so that
none of it is raw
make sure you cook it well | I like my steak well cooked |
if the meat isn’t well cooked, it can make you ill
Pages 100–101
agree  /əˈɡriː/ Verb
if you agree with someone, you say that you think the
same thing as them. If you agree to do something,
you say that you will do something that someone has
suggested or asked you to do
Collocates:  agree with someone | agree to do
something
© 2017 National Geographic Learning  2

I thought it was a terrible film, and Frank agreed with
me | I agreed to meet them outside the cinema | we
discussed it for an hour and still couldn’t agree | I agree
– it’s too cold to go for a walk
Noun:  agreement || Opposite – Verb: disagree
Collocates:  reach an agreement | come to an agreement
| disagree about something | disagree with someone
banana  /bəˈnɑːnə/ Noun
a banana is a long curved fruit with a thick skin. It is
green when it is on the tree, and can be eaten when it
becomes yellow
a bunch of bananas | ripe bananas (yellow and ready to
eat) | a kilo of bananas | a banana skin (the yellow outer
covering) | take a banana in case you get hungry
bean  /biːn/ Noun
beans are the seeds of some plants, which are eaten
as food
a dish of fried rice and black beans | a tin of baked
beans | I grow beans in my garden | boil the beans for
30 minutes
beef  /biːf/ Noun uncount
beef is the meat you get from cows
roast beef and vegetables | a slice of cold beef | I like my
beef rare (not cooked for long and still pink with blood)
| a beef stew (pieces of beef cooked with vegetables in
a sauce) | a joint of beef (a large piece of beef that you
cook in the oven)
bread  /bred/ Noun uncount
bread is a food made from flour and water and usually
yeast (a substance that makes the bread rise when it
is cooked)
Collocates:  a loaf/slice of bread | white/brown/stale/
fresh bread
a slice of bread and butter | a loaf of bread (one whole
piece that you buy and then cut into slices) | sliced bread
(that has already been cut into slices when you buy it) |
white bread | I prefer brown bread | the bread has gone
stale (it’s old and does not taste good any more) | I love
the smell of fresh bread
butter  /ˈbʌtə(r)/ Noun uncount
butter is a soft yellow food made from milk, which you
use in cooking and spread on bread
a slice of bread and butter | fry the onions in a little
butter | keep the butter in the fridge | a packet of butter
| salted butter (which has had a little salt added to it) |
unsalted butter
cream  /kriːm/ Noun uncount
cream is a thick liquid made from milk
strawberries and cream | you shouldn’t eat too much
butter or cream | for dessert we had fruit and cream | a
jug of cream
curry  /ˈkʌri/ Noun
curry is an Indian dish made with a lot of spices
a beef curry | a chicken curry | a curry house (a
restaurant that serves curries) | a hot curry (made with
very strong spices) | I prefer a mild curry (with not very
strong spices) | curry and rice
Outcomes Elementary Vocabulary Builder  Unit 11
disagree  /ˌdɪsəˈɡriː/ Verb
if you disagree with someone, you say that you do not
think the same thing as them
Collocates:  disagree with someone | disagree about
something
the two countries disagree about where the border
should be | I disagree with everything you’ve just said! |
I don’t care if you disagree, I’m painting the walls bright
yellow | we’ll just have to agree to disagree (we can’t
reach an agreement)
Noun:  disagreement || Opposite – Verb: agree
disagreement between people | disagreement about
something
discuss  /dɪˈskʌs/ Verb
if you discuss something, you talk about it with
someone else
they were discussing their favourite TV programmes |
we spent an hour discussing our holiday plans | can we
discuss this later? | I’d like to discuss your ideas in class |
we discussed the situation in Ukraine
Noun:  discussion
Collocates:  have a discussion | a discussion about
something
egg  /eɡ/ Noun
an egg is a small, almost round object with a thin shell
produced by birds. People eat eggs from chickens and
ducks and also use them in cooking
a boiled egg | fried eggs | half a dozen eggs (six eggs) |
crack the egg into the water
juice  /dʒuːs/ Noun
juice is the liquid you get by squeezing a fruit, such as an
orange or an apple
a glass of orange juice | would you like some apple
juice? | add some lemon juice to the salad | a bottle of
fruit juice
lamb  /læm/ Noun uncount
a lamb is a young sheep, and lamb is the meat you get
from young sheep. The meat from older sheep is
called mutton
a shoulder of lamb | roast leg of lamb | would you prefer
lamb or beef? | garlic goes well with lamb
nut  /nʌt/ Noun
a nut is the hard seed of some plants, which you can eat
do these chocolates have nuts in them? | I bought a bag
of nuts to eat on the journey | a bowl of nuts | these nuts
are very salty | I’ve eaten too many nuts
pepper  /ˈpepə(r)/ Noun uncount
pepper is a spice that you add to food to give it a slightly
hot flavour
the salt and pepper are on the table | we’ve run out of
pepper (there’s none left) | black pepper | grey pepper
pork  /pɔː(r)k/ Noun uncount
pork is the meat you get from pigs
we had roast pork for dinner | a pork chop (a piece of
pork meat still attached to the bone) | a pork pie | cook
the pork slowly with onions and garlic
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potato  /pəˈteɪtəʊ/ Noun
potatoes are vegetables that grow under the surface of
the ground. They have a brown or red skin and are white
or yellow inside
a baked potato | I grow potatoes in the garden | two
kilos of potatoes | boiled potatoes | mashed potatoes
(cooked and then smashed until they become smooth) |
potato crisps (crisps made from potatoes)
product  /ˈprɒdʌkt/ Noun
a product is something that is made and sold. Dairy
products are things like butter, cheese, and yoghurt,
which are made from milk
she can’t eat any dairy products | all their products are
good quality | they sell a range of computer software
products | keep all dairy products in the fridge
Verb: produce | Noun: production
salt  /sɔːlt/ Noun uncount
salt is white stuff found in the sea and in the ground.
You add salt to food when you are cooking it to make
it taste nicer
where’s the salt and pepper? | a teaspoon of salt |
there’s too much salt in the soup | you should reduce the
amount of salt in your food
Adjective: salty
steak  /steɪk/ Noun
a steak is a piece of beef that you grill or fry
I ordered steak and chips | my steak isn’t cooked
enough | she asked for her steak rare (not cooked for
long and still pink with blood) | well-done steak (cooked
for a long time so it is not pink at all) | fry the steak for
two minutes on each side
sugar  /ˈʃʊɡə(r)/ Noun uncount
sugar is sweet stuff that you use in cooking cakes and
biscuits, and that some people add to their tea or coffee
to make it taste sweeter
do you take sugar in your coffee? | too much sugar is
bad for your teeth | a bag of white sugar | brown sugar |
tea with milk and two sugars (two teaspoons of sugar)
Pages 102–103
avoid  /əˈvɔɪd/ Verb
if you avoid someone or something, you try to keep
away from them so that you do not see them or have to
deal with them
I managed to avoid the rush hour (the busy time on
trains and buses) by leaving an hour early | I think Sam
is avoiding me (trying not to see me or speak to me) |
I avoid dairy products | I can’t avoid it any longer – I’ll
have to start my homework
bar  /bɑː(r)/ Noun
a bar is a solid piece of something that is longer than it
is wide
Collocates:  a bar of something Adverb:  part-time
a bar of chocolate | a bar of soap | thieves stole gold
bars worth £2 million
Outcomes Elementary Vocabulary Builder  Unit 11
biscuit  /ˈbɪskɪt/ Noun
a biscuit is a thin, usually round, piece of sweet food like
a cake
a packet of biscuits | would you like a biscuit? | are there
any biscuits in the cupboard? | a biscuit tin (for keeping
biscuits in)
combination  /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ Noun
a combination of things is a number of different things all
mixed together
Collocates:  a combination of something
chocolate and cheese is an unusual combination! | the
show was a combination of music and dance | there’s
a combination of reasons for the decision | the doctor
recommended a combination of drugs for her illness
Verb: combine
diet  /ˈdaɪət/ Noun
your diet is the range of food that you eat. If you are on
a diet, you are very careful about what you eat because
you are trying to lose weight and stay healthy
eat a varied diet (lots of different sorts of food) | I’ve
been on a diet for three weeks | it’s important to eat a
healthy diet | we had a very poor diet when I was a child
| a balanced diet (with the right amounts of different
sorts of food)
employed  /ɪmˈplɔɪd/ Adjective
if you are employed, you have a job that someone pays
you for
I was employed as a window cleaner | are you employed
at the moment?
Verb:  employ | Noun: employer | Noun: employee ||
Opposite – Adjective: unemployed
full  /fʊl/ Adjective
if something is full of something else, it contains a lot of it
Collocates:  full of something
oranges are full of vitamins | the cupboard was full of
food | my suitcase is full | a full bottle of milk
hungry  /ˈhʌŋɡri/ Adjective
if you are hungry, you want to eat something as soon
as possible
I’m always hungry after I’ve been swimming | there are
some biscuits if you’re hungry | I had lunch half an hour
ago so I’m not hungry | she woke up feeling hungry
and thirsty | there are two hungry children waiting for
breakfast here
Noun:  hunger
part-time  /ˌpɑː(r)t ˈtaɪm/ Adjective
if you have a part-time job, you work for some of the
time, but not all the time. Compare full-time
I’m looking for a part-time job while I’m studying | he’s
a part-time teacher | I found part-time work at the car
factory
separately  /ˈsep(ə)rətli/ Adverb
if things are separate, they are not together. If things
happen separately, they do not happen at the
same time
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cook the vegetables separately | the batteries are sold
separately | we’ll deal with the two problems separately |
the two teams arrived separately for the big match
Adjective:  separate
terrible  /ˈterəb(ə)l/ Adjective
something that is terrible is very bad
he made a terrible mess in the kitchen | a terrible crime
| they worked in terrible conditions | I’ve got a terrible
pain in my leg | what a terrible film that was! | I made a
terrible mistake
unfair  /ʌnˈfeə(r)/ Adjective
something that is unfair is not right or reasonable,
especially because it treats some people better
than others
it’s so unfair – I have to be home by ten o’clock but my
brother doesn’t | they had an unfair advantage because
they’d seen the questions before | sometimes life seems
really unfair | it was so unfair that he started crying
Adverb:  unfairly || Opposite – Adjective: fair
unforgettable  /ˌʌnfə(r)ˈɡetəb(ə)l/ Adjective
something that is unforgettable is so good or bad or
interesting or exciting that you are unlikely to forget it
it was an unforgettable meal | an unforgettable visit
to St Petersburg | the boat trip was an unforgettable
experience | an unforgettable camping adventure | the
view from the top of the mountain was unforgettable
unhealthy  /ʌnˈhelθi/ Adjective
if you are unhealthy, you are not fit and often ill. Things
that are unhealthy make you unfit or ill
I was quite unhealthy at the time | an unhealthy lifestyle
(a way of living that makes you ill) | an unhealthy diet
(food that is not good for you) | children eat too much
unhealthy sugar
Opposite – Adjective: healthy
Outcomes Elementary Vocabulary Builder  Unit 11
vitamin  /ˈvɪtəmɪn/ Noun
vitamins are substances in food which are necessary to
keep your body healthy. Each vitamin is given a name
using a letter of the alphabet
fresh fruit is full of vitamins | green vegetables are a
great source of essential vitamins | vitamin C tablets |
vitamin pills | nuts contain vitamin E | vitamin B12
weigh  /weɪ/ Verb
if you weigh something, you measure how heavy it is.
If you weigh, for example, 80 kilos, that is how heavy
you are
I weigh five kilos less than I did last month | how much
do you weigh? | have you weighed yourself this week?
| these suitcases weigh a lot | I’m not sure how much I
weigh at the moment
Noun:  weight
GROW (GREW, GROWN, GROWING)
Grow can mean different things. Look at the examples
below. Translate them. How many different verbs in your
language do you use?
people:  he’s grown very tall / he’s growing old / my son
says he wants to be a doctor when he grows up
plants and farming:  those trees grow very tall / the
plant’s not growing / they grow a lot of rice in that area / I
grow my own tomatoes
increase / get bigger:  the economy’s grown by 3% / the
population’s growing
© 2017 National Geographic Learning  5
 Outcomes Elementary Vocabulary Builder  Unit 11

EXERCISES

Prepositions
A Choose the correct preposition.
1 I said it was a bad idea, and everyone agreed
to / with me.
2 She ate a slice from / of bread with her eggs.
3 They disagreed about / with what to do.
Collocations
D Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the verbs in the box. Look up the words in bold if
you need help.
gain   place   have   pay   reach   lose
1 We didn’t have enough money to
the bill.

4 He always has a bar with / of chocolate in his bag. 2 I’d like to an order for three large
pizzas, please.
5 They had a discussion with / about politics.
3 If you want to weight, you should
6 She’s in her bedroom getting ready for / to the party. order the salad.

4 We finally an agreement after a

Word families long discussion.

B Write the noun form of the verbs from the unit. 5 We a discussion about the election
in class yesterday.
1 weigh
6 His clothes are too small because he
2 combine weight on holiday.

3 produce E Complete the missing adjectives from the unit.

1 an u_ _ _ _ _ _ _y lifestyle
4 recommend
2 an u_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _e experience
5 discuss 3 an u_ _ _ _r advantage
4 a p_ _ _ _ _ _t woman
6 disagree
5 f_ _ _d chicken
C Complete the sentences with the adjective form 6 a h_ _ _ _ _y diet
of the word in bold.
1 The food was very and had too Word Groups
much garlic in it. spice
F Choose the word that is different. Look up the
2 I needed to drink a lot of water because the food was words if you need help.
very . salt
1 chicken / beef / pork / egg
3 Traffic and pollution are not two
problems. separately 2 onion / soup / potato / garlic

4 I’m always after going to the gym. 3 banana / butter / cream / milk
hunger
4 sugar / spice / salt / steak
5 My mum ate a lot of ice cream when she was
. pregnancy

6 I like potatoes more than chips. fry

© 2017 National Geographic Learning  6