Title: lecture (3 )

Metabolism of carbohydrates
BCHM-201
Present By: Associate
Prof.Ingy Badawy
Outlines
• 1. Glycolysis
• 2. Citric acid cycle
Carbohydrate Metabolism

3
 Carbohydrate
metabolism

Lipid Protein
metabolism metabolism

4
2.1 Basic process of glycolysis

Glucose

Phase 1

Pyruvate

Phase 2

Lactate

5
Phase1 Pyruvate formation from glucose

Reaction1

Glucose-6-
Glucose
Phosphate
Hexokinase

6
 Hexokinase

CH2OH
CH2OPO3
O
O
OH
OH
7
 Glucose-6-Phosphate

Reaction 2:

Glucose-6- Fructose-6-
Phosphate Phosphate

Phosphohexose isomerase

8
 Phosphohexose isomerase

CH2OPO3 CH2OPO3

O O CH2OH

OH OH
9
Reaction 3:

Fructose-6-Phosphate Fructose-1,6-Phosphate

Phosphofructokinase
CH2OPO3
CH2OPO3
O CH2OPO3
O CH2OH

OH
OH

10
 Phosphofructokinase

Phosphofructokinase

11
Reaction 4: helpful

Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate
Fructose-1,6-
Phosphate +
Dihydroxyacetone
Phosphate(DHAP)

Aldolase

CHO
CH2OPO3
H-C-OH
C=O
CH2OPO3
CH2OH
12
Aldolase

13
Reaction 5:

Glyceraldehyde
3-Phosphate
2 × Glyceraldehyde 3-
+ Phosphate
Dihydroxyacetone
Phosphate

Triose Phosphate Isomerase

14
Triose Phosphate Isomerase

15
Reaction 6:

Glyceraldehyde 3- 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
Phosphate

O
CHO Glyceraldehyde 3- C ~OPO
3 High energy
Phosphate
H-C-OH H-C-OH
Dehydrogenase
CH2OPO3 CH2OPO3

16
Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
17
Reaction 7:
Substrate level phosphorylation

1,3-
Bisphospho 3-Phosphoglycerate
glycerate
COO
Phosphoglycerate Kinase
O
H-C-OH
C ~OPO
3
CH2OPO3
H-C-OH

CH2OPO3

18
Phosphoglycerate Kinase
19
Reaction 8:

3-Phosphoglycerate
2-Phosphoglycerate

Phosphoglycerate Mutase
COO
COO
H-C-OH
H-C-OPO3
CH2OPO3
CH2OH

20
Mutase

21
 Reaction 9:

2-Phosphoglycerate
Phosphoenolpyruvate

COO
Enolase COO
H-C-OPO3
C~ OPO3 PEP
CH2OH
CH2

High energy

22
Enolase

23
Reaction 10:

Phosphoenolpyruvate
Pyruvate

COO Pyruvate Kinase COO

C~ OPO3 PEP C=O

CH2 CH3

24
Pyruvate Kinase

25
 O2 CO2 + H2O

Glucose pyruvate
no O2 lactate

26
 Conversion of pyruvate to lactate

NAD+
NADH + H+

Pyruvate Lactate

Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)

COO COO
NADH + H+
HO-C-H C=O

CH3 CH3
NAD+
L-lactate Pyruvate 27
28
All Mean the Same
29
 CH3C ~ S-CoA CARBON BALANCE
O

4 Oxaloacetate Citrate 6

2 carbons in
4 Malate 2 carbons out
Isocitrate 6

CO2
TCA cycle
4 Fumarate a-ketoglutarate 5

CO2
4 Succinate Succinyl-CoA 4
8 reactions 30