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KRM Public School: Chemistry Project File
KRM Public School: Chemistry Project File
KRM Public School: Chemistry Project File
(SCIENCE)
SESSION: 2021-22
Page 1 of
RITHVICK XII
(SCIENCE)
Certificate
2021-2022.
Page 2 of
RITHVICK XII
(SCIENCE)
Acknowledgement
I would like to sincerely and profusely thank my chemistry
teacher Mrs. Sudha Priya (PGT Chemistry) and our lab
attendant for their able guidance and support in completing my
project.
Signature of Candidate
Page 3 of
RITHVICK XII
S.J (SCIENCE)
2021-22
INDEX
1. Certificate
2. Acknowledgement
3. Introduction
4. Classification
5. Nomenclature
6. Structures
7. Preparation of Amines
8. Conclusion
9. Result
10. Bibliography
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RITHVICK XII
S.J (SCIENCE)
2021-22
OBJECTIVE
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RITHVICK XII
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INTRODUCTION
Amines are basic nitrogen containing organic compounds
thought to be derived from ammonia by the replacement of one or
more hydrogen atoms bonded to nitrogen by alkyl or aryl groups.
CLASSIFICATION
Primary amines
Secondary amines
Tertiary amines
NOMENCLATURE
IUPAC nomenclature retains the common name aniline for the
amino substituted derivative of benzene. Substituted derivatives of
aniline are numbered beginning from carbon that bears the amino
group.
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RITHVICK XII
S.J (SCIENCE)
2021-22
Many aromatic amines like toludines and anisides are still known
by their historical names.
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RITHVICK XII
S.J (SCIENCE)
2021-22
Substitutive nomenclature: The most widely used system of
substitutive amine nomenclature is the one adopted by Chemical
Abstracts- a comprehensive index of chemical literature. In this
system the compounds are named as follows:
STRUCTURES
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RITHVICK XII
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2021-22
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RITHVICK XII
S.J (SCIENCE)
2021-22
It has been observed that though these tertiary amines are chiral but
they optically inactive because the enantiomers cannot be resolved
as they undergo rapid interconversion by a process called
pyramidal inversion. During the process there is rapid oscillation of
PREPARATION OF AMINES
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RITHVICK XII
S.J (SCIENCE)
2021-22
Primary amine produced during the reaction is itself a good
nucleophile and it competes with ammonia. It is for this reason that
a mixture of primary and secondary amines is produced.
The synthetic utility of the reaction can be gauged from the fact
that the reaction can be carried out in a single step by
hydrogenating the solution containing both ammonia/amine and
carbonyl compound along with hydrogenation catalyst. The
intermediate imine formed during the reaction is not isolated but
it is reduced under the conditions of the reaction, because imines
are reduced much more rapidly than carbonyl compounds.
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RITHVICK XII
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2021-22
CONCLUSION
RESULTS
(i) There is no use of expensive anhydrous or aprotic solvents
(ii) The reaction can be carried out at lower temperatures
(iii) Greater region and chemo selectivity is achieved in these
reactions
(iv) The yield of the product formed in high and lesser chances
of side reactions
BIBLOGRAPHY
1. Website 2. Books:
www.wikipedia.org Comprehensive Practical Manual
www.google.com
NCERT Class XII
www.yahoo.com
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