Summary of All activities for Gago

Ite
m Unit Total
no. Description Unit Qty. Price Amount
Civil work
Transportation of pump
1 &Generator Set 1 25000 25,000
2 Transportation of pipe& fitting Set 1 20000 20,000
Installation of pump & Generator
3 with all accessories Set 1 7000 7,000
4 pipe work Ls 1 42000 42,000
5 Generator house NO 1 71100 71,100
6 Reservoir 50m3 NO 1 126301.4 126,301
7 public water point NO 11 35715.56 392,871
684,273
Supply &drilling
supply of Submersible Pump with
8 all accessories (11KW) Set 1 280000 280000
Supply of Generator with all
9 accessories (25KVA) Set 1 270000 270000
162687
10 supply of pipe & fitting pcs 2 1626872
2176872
Drilling TD = 250m M 1 912200
Supervision cost ( of drilling and
11 civil work) BIRR 47,894
12 Total 3,821,239
13 VAT 15% 573,186
14 Total with VAT 4,394,425
2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY

2.1. Introduction

The community participation and management aspects are fundamental to adequate project
implementation. Water supply development projects have crucial socio-economic implications on the
beneficiary communities and affect their livelihood directly. Therefore the socio-economic aspects of the
beneficiary communities should be properly assessed. Accordingly, a socio-economic study for Gago
Rural Town has been undertaken.

Study objectives

2.1.1. General Objective

The general objectives of socioeconomic study of Gaago water supply project is to assess the existing
socioeconomic conditions of the project area, analyses the attitudes and willingness of the community to
the proposed development project and forecast the possible impact on the beneficiaries.

2.1.2. Specific Objectives

i) To assess the opportunity and problem of the project area.
ii) To propose socio economic intervention that should be taken.
iii) To identify the need of population in the area.
iv) To evaluate the economic base of the study area.
v) To offer anoutputsthat will be utilized as input for determining principal balance between
population size and water demand.

2.1.3. Approach and methodology

The socioeconomic feasibility study of Gago water supply project has been based on the assessment of all
socioeconomic factors which could influence or influenced by the project. In order to obtain detail
socioeconomic information about the project area different data collection approaches and methodology
were applied. As an approach sample survey, focus group discussion and informal interviews are used.
Primary and secondary data collection methods are used.

Primary data collection:

Primary data collection method is undertaken by contacting the beneficiaries by the means of
formal/informal interview, key informant interview and general meeting with the community. The
meeting was held in the presence of all concerned bodies such as Cabinets from Ana, kebeleofficials and
the expected beneficiaries.
 Secondary data collection:
The secondary data were collected from different governmental and nongovernmental offices. These are
from the agricultural and rural development offices, public health institutions, schools, Development
Agent of the Peasant Association and other service rendering institutions. Reviews of relevant data of
previously studied documents were also conducted. Therefore, different qualitative and quantitative
information was collected to analyses and prepare the project feasibility study socioeconomic report.

General information - Profile of the study area

Gago water supply project is located at the south west of the country in Oromia Regional State, Ilu Aba
Bora Zone,Nono Sale Ana. This town is found on about 700km from Finfine, 100km from the zonal
capital Mettu and 14Km from Ana Capital Birbirsa.

Demographic conditions

The population Gago Rural Town is 1299; 639 being male (49.2%) and660female (50.8%). These
all population is the direct beneficiaries of the project.

These all populations are the direct beneficiaries of the project. In these areas there is shortage of
potable water supply. The communities in Gago town are using a spring developed on spot
which exists in the town and have a discharge of only about 0.2L/Sec.

During the study we have witnessed that women and children stayed outside till nine o’clock at
midnight. The other people are forced to fetch water from the nearby rivers.

The town is growing and people near by the town are migrating to the town. As a result the
number of population is increasing. So, the people in the village are vulnerable to shortage of
water and poor sanitation.

The data obtained from the clinic shows most of the disease observed in the town are hygiene
related and water born disease. Mostly typhoid, intestinal parasite and diarrheal diseases are the
commonly prevailed human diseases.This shows how much the severity of the problem is for
those people and need immediate solution.

Ethnic Back Ground and Religious Composition of the Study Area

According to data obtained from Gemechisa Kebele Office the ethnic composition of the
population most of the residents in the village are mainly Oromo. So, Afan Oromo is their
common language accordingly.

Regarding their religious background most of the people are the followers of Protestant (50%),
Orthodox (40%) and Muslim (10%) religion.
 Housing and settlement pattern

Assessment of existing housing characteristics is an important component of the socio-economic

study. This is because of the fact that residential houses are generally the most dominant types of
water supply customers in Ethiopian towns, both in terms of number and consumption.

Almost all of the houses are constructed from iron sheet which are constructed since the
emergence of the town. The walls of almost all of the residential houses in the town are made
from wood and mud and have corrugated iron roofs. But, nowadays the town is developing and a
number of new constructions are being constructed.

Livelihood of the Population

The economic base of Nono Sale Ana is agriculture just like other rural part of the country in general. As
we all know about 85percent of Ethiopian economy depends on agriculture. As one rural part of the
country the means of livelihood of Nono Sale Ana is agriculture. The Gemechisa Kebele also is known
for its potential crop production of cereal crops mainly maize, sorghum and Soya beans and cash crops
mainly coffee and honeyproduction. These are the main sources of income for food and other
social and cultural expenses of the farmers. As information obtained during the study shows the
farmers in the project area can gain 2kumtalto 20kumtalcoffee production per annum. From this
one can earn 4,000ETB to 40,0000ETB only from coffee production annually.

As survey conducted indicates the farming system is mainly mixed farming. That means there is
crop production and animal rearing. The major crops produced per hectare in the peasant Association
is depicted in the following table.

Table 2.1 the major crops produced per hectare in the peasant Association

No Types of Crops Area in Hectare Yield per Hectare

1 Maize 6384 133
2 Sorghum 240 10
3 Field Pea 18 9
4 Soya Bean 22 11
5 Wheat 35 7
6 Barley 24 6
7 Haricot Bean 142.5 19
Source: Development Agent of the Peasant Association

As already mentioned above the other sources of income of the community is livestock production. These
livestock population is not only the sources of income but also they are using as the transportation
facility, ploughing, threshing, transporting and the like.

Table 2.2 livestock population in the Kebele

No Types of livestock Quantity

1 Oxen 53
2 Cows 47
3 Bulls 13
4 Heifers 59
5 Goats 61
6 Sheep 92
7 Horses 31
8 Donkey 7
9 Mules 8
10 Poultry 405
Source: Development Agent of the Peasant Association

As can be seen from the table above cattle and pack animals are the dominant. These animals plays great
role in agricultural development of rural community. As already mentioned in the above section the
project beneficiaries reside in the urban area, their economic base relies on agricultural activity.
Information shows fattening is also at beginning to become common economic activity in the town. So,
this animal also requires water for drinking. Most of the household in the town have oxen and cows for
the aforementioned purpose. So, these animals also require water for drinking.

Land use pattern and tenure system

The size and distribution of farm land among farmers varies based on previous holding, family size and
other contributing factors. Based on information gathered from the development agent the average land
holding of the farmers in the area is about 2.5hectare.

Table 2.3. The land use pattern of the peasant Association

No Land use types Hectare

1 Cultivable land 210
2 Uncultivable land -
3 Cultivated land 195
4 Uncultivated 15
 5 Forest land 68
6 Grazing land 35
7 Wetland 3.5
8 Coffee land 431

Source: Development Agent of the Peasant Association

As can be seen from the table most of the land in the peasant Association is suitable for cultivation. The
amount of the land cultivated is 92.8 percent. Coffee is also one of the major sources of income for the
farmers in the project area.

Nono Sale Ana is known for its jungle forest coverage. Even though it has not been registered by
UNESCO one of the most known forests in our country is found in this Ana. The road from the Ana
capital Gago to Gago pass through the dense, very attracting, refreshing, enjoyable and entertaining forest
area. Along the way one will enjoy with different wild animals living in this natural and ever green forest
area. This forest can be tourist attracting site and contribute a paramount role in the development of our
country.

Regarding the land tenure system the land is belonged to government i.e land ownership is belonged to
the state while the farmers have the use right. The farmers utilize their farm land and pay tax for
government based on their farm size. The farmers can access land through contractual, inheritance,
sharecropping and land reallocation made some years ago.

Social services

Social services are the basic components of development in any country. These basic components include
education, health, telecommunication, potable water supply, roads, electric supply, bank and others.
Among these the following service rendering institutions are available in the project area.

HEALTH:

By this time there is only one governmental Healthy Post in Gago Rural Town. In this HP there are two
Healthy Extensions.

For further treatment the communities of the project area go to BirbirsaHC 14Km and Mettu Karl
Hospital 100km far from them.There is no data compiled at HP level aboutthe main human diseases
prevailed in the area. But just for the general observation we set here the data recorded totally for instance
at Birbirsa HC.

Table 2.4 Ten Top Diseases

Number
No Types of diseases of Case Remark
Treated
1 Pneumonia 765 23.1%
2 Acute Febrile Illiness (AFI) * 476 14.4%
3 Dyspepsia 344 10.4%
4 UTI (Urine Tract Infection) 341 10.3%
5 Helmenthiasis* 273 8.2%
6 Thyphoid Fever* 258 7.8%
Disease of Musculoskeletal system &
7 247 7.5%
Connective Tissue
8 Diarrhea 245 7.4%
9 Acute Upper Respiratory Infection 211 6.4%

10 Infection of Skin and Bronkite Tissue 155 4.7%

Source: BirbirsaHealth Center* WaSH related

From the table above it could be seen that Pneumonia is the most recurrent type of illness
specially affecting children under five years of age accounting 23% of the total top- ten-
diseases.On the other hand, WaSH related diseases, such as Helmenthiasis,AFIandTyphoid
Fever, rank, 2nd, 5thand 6th respectively and jointly accounting for 31% of the illnesses. Even
though we couldn’t get the investigateddata,we had informed that children under five years of
age are more susceptible to diseases related to water, sanitation and hygiene than the remaining
age groups in the town. So from this Birbirsa HC data and interview we made at Gago Healthy
Post, there is no doubt if we conclude that these diseases are widely distributed in Gago rural
towns.

Education: As we all know education is the base for development of any country through research. In the
project area there is only one school.This school is elaborated in the following table with respect to their
number of students and teachers.
Table 2-5 Gago Elementary School student’s Enrolments from 2005-2009 Academic Years

No Year Grade level Sex

Male Female Total

 1  2005 1-4 73 77 150

5-8 39 34 73

2 2006 1-4 61 62 123

5-8 60 53 113

3 2007 1-4 64 66 130

5-8 54 62 116

4 2008 1-4 82 89 171

5-8 57 55 112

5 2009 1-8 67 74 141

5-8 69 65 134

Source: Gago Elementary School Director, 2009

Table 2-6 Gago Elementary School Teachers from 2005-2009 Academic Years

No Year Grade level Sex

Male Female Total

 1  2005 1-4 1 3 4

5-8 8 0 8

2 2006 1-4 2 2 4

5-8 5 2 7

3 2007 1-4 2 2 4
 5-8 6 2 8

4 2008 1-4 2 2 4

5-8 5 2 7

5 2009 1-8 1 3 4

5-8 4 2 6

Source: Gago Elementary School Director, 2009

Information obtained from the schools shows the student: class, teacher: student and student:
book ratio is 1:35, 1:14 and 1:1 respectively.

The students are forced to bring water from their home or fetch from small rivers. As we gather
information and see them during our field study hence they are on their career during the day
time,schools teachers are also forced to fetch water from small spring near the town till the
midnight due to fear of long queues during the daytime. This trouble in one or the other ways
affects the teaching and learning process. In the other case even though the school has the toilets
due to sanitation problem they are not using it effectively as required.

Potable water supply

As stated above under subtopic 4-5 in Gago village there is only one spring developed on spot
(Q=0.2 l/s) fromwhich whole community of the village i.e. Ilike, Burkitu and Yeno Zones get
their daily water demand. This scheme can only serve 150 people as a standard. But, now day’s
more than 1,300 people are using this small scheme. For this matter women and children are
mainly vulnerable to different social crisis;special during the night hence they stayed outside of
their home till the midnight to fetch water due to fear of long queues during the daytime.During
dry season the communities are forced to use the nearby spring that are not developed and the
river. Generally the people in the village are vulnerable to shortage of water and poor sanitation
and so the severity of the problem implies that it requires immediate solution.

Physical Infrastructures

a. Electricity: Gago town has no national grid system electric supply.

b. Telecommunication: Now days the communication facility is expanding throughout the
country. As one part of the country both the peasant Association is also benefiting from
wireless mobile services. Mobile network is available in the project area.
c. Roads:The road from zonal capital Mettu to Birbirsa town is all weather roads (about 96km)
and the road from Birbirsa to Gago is also all weatherfeeder roads made by URAP (about
13km). Therefore, the site is accessible during all season.There is also an attempt by
government to connect Gago to adjacent neighboring kebeles to increase road networks and
enable the rural community to access markets, enhance the social interaction and improve
their living standard.
d. Banks: In the project area there is no Bank. But, there are a number of banks; including
commercial bank of Ethiopia (CBE) and private banks like Awash Bank, Oromia
Cooperative Bank, Construction and Business Bank and Oromia International Bank in Gore
and Mettu town. Therefore, one can access bank service at 82Km and 100kmfar from the
project arearespectively.
e. Marketing: The objective of all economic activities is the satisfaction of human need and
want. To actualize this objective the farmers, manufactures and others produce different
goods and services on one hand and seek markets for their production on the other hand.
Accordingly there are market days twice in a week on Thursday and Sunday in the project
area. On these days peoples from neighboring villages also comes to this town. Therefore,
communities in and around the project area deliver and access market held in the Gago town
itself. The community of the project area can also access market at Ana capital for the
products produced in the area. So, the area do not have market problem because they can
easily access the aforementioned markets.

Policy frame work

Policies are essentially selected options to be used as instrument for achieving intended goals and
objectives of any development activities. Consequently, it is essential to immediately adopt
development strategies policy implementation methodologies and pertinent action plans to
translate the policy into practice. These activities shall be pursued by the Ministry of water
resource (MoWR) as soon as the policy is approved and endorsed by the government.
 2.7. Water resource management policy

The overall goal of water resource policy is to enhance and promote all national efforts towards
the efficient, equitable and optimum utilization of the available water resource of Ethiopia for
significant socio-economic development on sustainable basis.

The fundamental guiding principles for equitable, sustainable and efficient development,
utilization, conservation and protection of water resources in Ethiopia are the following.

1. Water is a natural endowment commonly owned by all the people of Ethiopia.

2. As far as conditions permits, every Ethiopian citizen shall have access sufficient water of
acceptable quality to satisfy the basic human need.
3. In order to significantly contribute to development water shall be recognized both as
economic and social goods.
4. Water resource development shall be underpinned on rural centred, decentralized
management, participatory approach as well as integrated frame work.
5. Management of water resource shall ensure social equity, economic efficiently, system
reliability and sustainability norms.
6. Promotion of the participation of all stakeholders, user communities; particularly women
participation in the relevant aspect of water resource management.

Finance policy

A. Recognize water as an economic good, for its substantive and significant contribution to
the country’s economy.
B. Coordinate and promote that all funding in the water sector is based on country’s water
resources objectives, policy and strategy.
C. Provides subsidies to communities who cannot afford to pay for basic services on capital
cost only based on established criteria and phase out subsidy gradually.
D. It ensures that all water supply undertaking will adequately address costs associated with
operation and maintenance based on cost recovery principles.
E. Promote credit services by the government for water resource development undertaking.
F. Ensure that the accountability and proper utilization of funding and other resources
obtained from different sources for water resources management shall be coordinated and
supervised communities and federal and regional agencies as appropriate.
G. All funding agencies including government and private sector shall include in their
funding provisions for water conservation, protection, operation and maintenance,
rehabilitation and replacement cost, training and human resource development, adequate
information and documentation that enhance and ensure sustainability of the system.

2.7.5. WATER PRICING

 Recognize water is a natural resource with an economic value and ensure that fees are
paid for service rendered.
  Recognize water as a vulnerable and scarce natural resource and ensure and promote that
all pricing system and mechanism should be geared towards conservation, protection and
efficient use of water as well as promote equity of access.
 Ensure that management of water resources shall be always addressed in conjunction
with basic social equity norms.
 Ensure that the price for water should be neither too high (and discourage water use) nor
too low (and encourage abuses and over use of water).
 Promote that tariff setting shall be site specific depending on the particulars of the
project, location, users, the cost and other characteristics of the scheme.
 Ensure that the basic human needs of water for disadvantaged rural communities who
cannot afford to pay for development of water system shall be by government as
appropriate and in so far as the communities are able and willing to cover the operation
and maintenance costs on their own.
 Ensure that the pricing for urban water supplies shall aim at full cost recovery and
develop cross- subsidization strategies and promote credit services.
 As willingness to pay buy users of water system is a powerful impetus for financial
sustainability of water resource system, willingness to pay shall promoted by interalia
stating the main objectives instituting fairness in water system, promoting transparency
and communication.

2.7.5. Stakeholder issues

 Ensure the identification of the relevant stakeholders from the outset in any water
resources undertakings and create conducive situations for their involvement in the
different water resource activities.
 Develop a framework for community –government-private sector-external support
agencies partnership.
 Promote private sector participation in technology development, construction and in
operation and maintenance of utilities.
 Support community self-initiatives and direct involvement in water resource
management.

GENDER ISSUES
It’s obviously known that gender is socially constructed roles and responsibilities assigned to
women and men but not biological factor in a given culture. It is a sex based division of labor
from the time immemorial that prevails in different part of the world.
Regarding the women in the project area the same is true as it is in the whole parts of the country
in general and as rural women in particular. In this area women are mostly deals with preparing
food, cleaning and managing the house, caring the children, collecting fire wood and fetching
water from the source. Especially women in the project area are forced to stay outside their home
for a longer time to fetch water. During the study we have witnessed that women and children
stay on the spring developed on spot around the town until the midnight. This makes them
vulnerable to different social crisis like conflict and sexual harassment.
So promote the full involvement of women in the planning, implementation, decision making
and training as well as empower them to play a leading role in self- reliance initiatives.
2.7.6. Water supply and sanitation policy

The water supply includes water supply for human as well as animal consumption, industrial and
other uses outside irrigation and hydropower. As far as water supply for human consumption is
concerned it is to be noted that 85% of Ethiopian’s livelihood is based on farming and livestock
production. This has consequently resulted in subsistence level of economic life and thinly
spread out settlement so that providing reliable and safe water at minimum costs becomes very
difficult.

People have to travel long distance for many hours and fetch unsafe and unreliable water from
river and other undeveloped sources. In order to attain sustainable and equitable solution to these
problems due attention has been accorded by FDRE government to find policy options. As for
the livestock water supply the majority of Ethiopian people engaged in farming and
pasteurization that are forced to drive the livestock long distances.

Thus, this water supply and sanitation policy is developed to provide impetus for human and
animal consumption, for industrial and other uses in terms of coverage, quantity, reliability and
acceptable quality taking the existing and future realities of the country in to consideration.

2.7.7 FINANCE AND TARIFF

Finance
1. Promote self-financing of programmes and projects at the local level.
2. Provide subsidies to communities who cannot afford to pay for basic services on capital
costs.
3. Enhance self-financed and total cost recovery programmes in urban water supplies.
4. Ensure that all water supply undertakings will adequately address costs associated with
operation and maintenance and be based on “cost recovery” principles.
5. Ensure transparency and fairness in the management of water supply services so as to
enhance readiness to pay and participation by the users and communities in the financial
management of systems.
6. Ensure responsibility and financial accountability in the management of water supply
services.

Tariff
 Establish a “social Tariff” that enables poor communities to cover operation and
maintenance costs.
  Tariff structures are site specific and determined according to local situations.
 Tariff settings are based on the objective of recovering operation and maintenance costs
while urban tariff structure is based on the basis of full cost recovery.
 Establish progressive tariff rates in urban water supply tied to consumption rates.
 Develop flat rate tariffs for communal services like hand pumps and public stand posts.

Implementation strategy

During the study the technical and engineering aspect has been considered. In this regard the
appropriate, efficient, effective, reliable and affordable technologies water supply system that are
demand driven and available water sources in the project area and have great acceptability
among local community are identified. This has been ensured by the participation of the local
community during the study with all the study crew.

Regarding the financial and economic aspect of the project discussion has been conducted with
the expected beneficiaries to ensure self-reliance through the promotion of self-financing of
programs and projects based on socio economic conditions of local communities. To this end, the
participants of the discussion show their commitment, interest and willingness to participate with
what they have financially, materially and through their labor. This is promoting the users pay
principles in accordance with the user’s willingness to pay and ability to pay for the services
based on costs of services in accordance to existing socio economic condition of the beneficiaries

During the study public institutions found in the project area and community based organizations
such as religious institutions representatives and community at a large participated on the general
community meeting. On this meeting responsibility of these all bodies has been clearly stated
concerning the implementation, management, monitoring and supervision of water supply and
sanitation. The participant also shows their willingness to play their role so as to their socio
economic condition is permitted.

The social aspect of the pays special attention to the role of women while establishing
community based structures for the management of local water supply and sanitation system in
order to contribute to the holistic well-being of the community by creating awareness in water
environment health issues. Women are mainly concerned with water supply and sanitation issues
at house hold level; so that the involvement of women in planning, implementation and follow
up of the water supply and sanitation is vital for sustainable development of the services. To this
end, women have participated in the general community meeting of the community and have
been elected in the water user committee formed.
 2.7.8. Impactt of the project

The realization of the proposed project is expected to improve people’s living standards as well
as it will save women and children labor and time. Economically the people will be saved from
unnecessary expenditure for medication for water born disease and transportation. By and large,
the implementation of the proposed project will have the following consequences.

 Increased water supply and sanitation in the community.

 Supply potable water for school community.
 Time and labor of women and children saved for fetching water.
 Enable health institution to give quality services during delivery and keep sanitation of
the institution.
 Makes the community healthy and productive.
 Support the health sector to achieve the protective health strategy by avoiding diseases
related to sanitation (water related diseases).

2.7.9. Community participation and willingness to pay

The Ana administration and the beneficiaries of the project have positive attitude for the
implementation of the project. This can be approved from attitude and willingness they have
shown during study.

Discussion has been made with the community during the study. On the meeting all the
administrative body and the residents of the town have been participated. During this discussion
the community shows willingness to allow the land for borehole and reservoir site. They are also
promised not to ask any compensation for the borehole and reservoir site in their farm area. They
all promised to participate in the implementation from the beginning up to the completion of the
project. They also agreed to use, properly, manage and administer the water scheme after
implementation. Moreover regarding trench excavation discussion has been made and the
beneficiaries promised to execute the trench excavation activity with a given standards
(60cm*80cm) and buried the pipe after implementation.

During this discussion water user committee that has seven members has been established.
Table 2-7 Water User Committee

No Name of Committee Responsibility

Established
1 Mr Zena Tsegaye Chairman
2 Mr Nebiyu Tesfaye Cashier
3 Mrs Tayitu Legese Purchaser
4 Mr Sayid Indiris Secretary
5 Mrs Abebaye Wega Store keeper
6 Mrs Zenebech Ideg Auditor
7 Pear/Shek/ Ahimed Abegaz Control

Mr Zena Tsegaye and Mr Sayid Indiris have been selected by the user community as a chairman
and secretary respectively. The committee is also informed that they are going to take part in
mobilizing the user community during implementation (especially during trench excavation) and
in the management and administration of the water scheme after implementation.

Willingness to pay:
The economic status of the community is assessed in order to understand the ability to pay of the
expected beneficiaries. From this we understood that the area is cash crop area and the
community has the ability to pay. Based on this fact discussion has been made with the
community. One of the discussion points is the full cost recovery principle and cost sharing.
Therefore, they are highly willing to pay for the services they are going to get.

2.8.1. Environmental and social issues

Any development intervention will have both positive and negative impacts either on
environment or human being. As one part of development activities water supply and sanitation
project has its own impacts. Therefore, this project has to be technically feasible, economically
viable, socially acceptable and environmentally friendly to ensure the sustainability of the
proposed project.

The implementation of Gago project is both socially acceptable and environmentally sound
because of the following parameters.

 The project improves the health condition of the community.

 It improves the living standard of the community.
 It decreases the work load of the community particularly women and children and saves
their time taken for fetching water by travelling long distance.
 It does not have adverse impact on the downstream users.
 It does not disturb the flora and fauna of the project area.
 Positive impacts
 It lessens the work load of community especially for women and children by reducing
both the travel distance and time for fetching water.
 The project improves the health condition of the community and will enhance their
productivity.
 It create job opportunities for local community both at construction and operation phases
like motor operator, plumbers, water sellers, guards and the others.
 It improves the living standard of the community.
 It enables the community to get access to improved water supply, sanitation and hygiene
services.

Negative impacts

 The civil structures such as reservoir, water points, bore hole and pipe laying activities
may damage local community’s properties like farm land.
 Trench excavated for pipe laying if not properly and timely managed may develop in
gullies and create favourable condition for soil erosion.
 Unless proper drainage system is designed waste water collected around water delivery
points may form marshy area which create conducive environment for malaria.
 If there is no formal community consultation at study and design period the project may
lose social acceptance.
 Chemicals that drilling companies use for drilling purpose may pollute ground and
surface water.

. Mitigation measures

 Discussion has been made with the concerned body to do proper compensation for
damaged private properties even though there is no compensation for rural development
project.
 Closer monitoring and evaluation should be made for timely backfilling of excavated
pipe trenches by the clients’.
 Proper drainage system at water delivery point has to be considered during designing and
implementation to avoid waste water logging.
 Closer monitoring of chemicals being used by drilling companies at the time of drilling
by clients drilling supervisor.
 Location of borehole, reservoir, water points and pipe routes as much as possible should
be free from private holdings.
 If not possible to make free from the private holdings equivalent compensation should be
made.
 Location of civil structure should be free from burial, spiritual, cultural heritages and
historical sites not to lose social acceptance.
 3. CONCLUSION& RECOMMENDATION

3.16.2. CONCLUSION

As it is stated in the objectives of the study socio-economic conditions of Gago water supply
project, the existing conditions of the project area, the attitudes and willingness of the
community of the proposed development project is assessed. The opportunity in the project area
is also assessed in detail.

The finding shows the economic condition of the community is promising. According to the
finding the average net incomes of the households ranges from 3000ETB to 40,000ETB
annually. From we can conclude that there is the ability to pay off the user community. Not only
the ability to pay but also the communities are willing to pay for the services and show their
willingness to participate from the study and design time till the management of the scheme. On
the other hand, the project is demand driven.

The other thing that needs special attention is the shortage of water in the town and the
vulnerability of women and children to fetch water. As already explained in introduction part the
number of people who have access to safe water is 150 where as the number of people living in
the town is more than 1300. So, we can easily observe how much the problem the individuals are
facing is severe and harsh. The challenges of our women and children are the other manifesto of
the vulnerability of the community in the project area. Therefore, the problem of the community
is identified to be severe and harsh that needs immediate solution.

4. RECOMMENDATION
The following recommendation is given based on the study findings.

 The project is both socially and economically feasible for implementation.

 The implementation of the project will reduce challenges of the women and children.
 The problem regarding provision of safe water for the community needs urgent solution.
 Implementation of the project should participatory.
 The implementation of the project enables Servise Institution to render quality services.
 Attention should be given to the quality.
 5. Engineering and technical aspects

5.1 Water Demand and Supply

5.1.1Design Period Estimation

The economic design period of the components of a water supply depends on their life, initial
cost, rate of interest on loan, the ease with which they can be expanded of the likelihood that they
will be rendered absolute by technological advances. In order to design the parts of water system,
the flow at the end of design period must be estimated. Conservation, that is, over estimation or
under estimation of the design flow must be avoided. The different elements of the treatment &
distribution systems may approximately be designed for different flow criteria as shown in the
table below. Therefore the number of years for which the design of the water works has been
done is called design period. The design period, however, should neither too long or too short.
Mostly water supply schemes have design period of 15-30years.The following are the normal
design periods of various units of water supply system.

Table 3.1. Normal design periods of various units of water supply system

S Name of units Design period

no

1 Wells for underground source 5 years

2 Impounding reservoir 30 years

3 Water pumping stations 10 years

4 Pipe line from source to town 20 years

5 Water treatment plant 10-15 years

(Source: Birdie 1989)

Generally; the following points should be kept in mind while fixing the design period for any
water supply scheme.

 Funds available for completion of the project (the higher the availability of the fund the
higher will be the design period).
  The Life of pipe and other structural materials used in water supply scheme and (Design
period in no case should have more life than the components & materials used in the
scheme at least the design period should be nearly equal to materials used in water supply
works)
 Rate of interest on the loan taken to complete the project.
 Anticipated expansion rate of the town and so on.
Finally, by considering the above factors and even if Gagoo Rural Town is expected to grow in a
dynamic rate in the future the design period of 15 years is adopted.

5.2 Population forecasting method

In Ethiopia, the Geometric increasing method or uniformly percentage growth is

using commonly for forecasting population for different towns .the commonly
formula of this method is:-

Pn=Po (1+ R %) n

Where, Pn= future population at the end forecasting period

Po= base population (population at the beginning)

R= rate of annul growth as percentage

n = period (number of year)

Present population of the settlement is projected for15 years design period in order to quantity
demand, capacity of components and structure Growth rate for the kebele including study and
construction of the project two (2) year addition to consumption year (15 year) by considering
2.23% annual growth rate for population projection.

Pn = Po (1+ R /100) n

P2017 = 1299*(1+2.18%)

=1327

P2018 = 1327*(1+2.04%)

=1354
Use 1354 as base population after study and construction phase and forecast it.

Therefore the population of Gagoo for the selected design period of 15 years and by assuming
the consumption of the project in 2018 is presented in the following table.

Present and Projected Population of the project

Populatio
year Growth rate (%) n

20018  2.04% 1354

2019 1.98% 1381

2024 1.61% 1496

2029 1.25% 1592

2034 0.93% 1668

5.2.1 Water Demand

It is the quantity of water that serves for different demand purposes

5.2.2 Projection of Per-Capita Demand

Forecasting of per-capital water demand depends on the following factors

 Size of city or the town

 The temperature of the area

 Distance of the source from the community.

 Level of the development.
 Hygienic standard and living condition of the community
 Degree of water management
 Density of Population
 Presence of Industries And Commerce
 Awareness of the community to use safe and potable water
 Socio-Economic back ground of the area
Including the above factors the per-capita demand standard in Ethiopia rural town (village) is the
range between20-30l/c/day and averagely the present per capita demand is 30 l/c/day. However,
through the project life, per capita demand will grow. To make the smooth annual growth
demand variation 1.5% is considered.

Domestic demand =per-capita demand * projected population

For the projected population take the maximum per-capita demand for this rural town project
which is 30/c/d, because of the increasing of the population standard.

5.2.3 Domestic Demand

The quantity of water needed for actual household activities is known as domestic water demand.
It includes drinking, cooking, bathing, washing, toilet etc. The amount of water for domestic use
mainly depends on the income, availability of the source in the close vicinity, habits of the
society, religion, climatic condition, culture & costumes of the people. The most common mode
of domestic service in our region is:

 House taps users (HTU)

 Yard taps users (YTU)
 Public taps users (PTU)
 Neighbour taps users (NTU)
But, concerning our country, for the rural town or village in which there is no existing water
supply scheme public tap or public water point is considered to be constructed.

Per Capita Water Demand (l/sec) for Rural Gandas

Connectio
n type/
Year 2013 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036
PF 15 16 17 20 23 25

Climatic Effects Factors

Mean Annual Temp. (0C) Description Altitude Factor

<10 Cool >3,300 0.8

Oct-15 Cool temperate 2,300-3,300 0.9
15-20 Temperate 1,500-2,300 1
20-25 Warm temperate 500-1,500 1.3
25 and above Hot <500 1.5
Source: Data Compilation and Analysis Project (1997).
 Recommended Peak hour
Factors
Population Range Peak hour factor
< 20,000 2
20,001 to 50,000 1.9

50,001 to 100,000 1.8

>100,000 1.6
Source-Urban Water Supply Design Criteria by Ministry of
Water Resources, January 2006.

Take Maximum Day factor as

1.2

Domestic demand = per-capita demand * projected population

=30*1668 = 50.04m3/day

Domestic adjusted = D*Socio-economic factor*climate factor

= D*1.05*1

= 50.04*1.05*1 = 52.54m3/day

Non Domestic Demand

Public, Commercial and industrial Demand

1. Public Demand

There is DA (development agent) office, Junior Schools, Elementary Schools and other public
services like health canter.

Institutional

Table 5.4 Manual for water supply& sanitary facilities in primary school

Category Typical rate of water use per day

school 3M3/day

Health post 2.254M3/day

 Public, Commercial and industrial Demand (10% DDD)

10%Domestic Demand= 0.1*52.54m3 /day

= 5.254m3 /day

Total Demand= Domestic demand+ Non Domestic Demand

= 52.54m3 /day+5.254m3 /day

= 57.80m3 /day

2. Animal Demand

The demand of water for the cattle is not included for the reason that there is many of spring and
marshy areas around the area in the radius of 5km.

3. Non Revenue Water losses (unaccounted for water)

There may be loss in valves, fittings defective joints in the main, broken and cracked pipes,
defective house connections and faulty plumbing, and also an authorized water connection
causes the water loss. This allows a continuous flow of water going to waste. Care full
maintenance and universal metering can minimize this.

To compensate this loss not to disturb constant demands and 22.5% of (Total domestic) demand
is considered

Water losses = 22.5% *(Total domestic demand)

=0.225*(57.80) m3 /day = 13m3 /day

5.3 Present and future Water demand analysis

A. Total demand (average daily demand)

The total demand or average water demand can be determined by adding the three categories of
water demand: domestic, public and institution demand. Unaccounted for water quantity will
also be added to this sum. It includes also the adjustment factors for climate and socio-economy.
The average water demand represents the mean daily water demand of the village over the year.
The climate and social-economy adjustment factor not include because the design consider only
public fountain .so that,

Average day demand (Qday-avg) = Total domestic +Non Revenue water

57.80+13 = 70.80m3 /day = 2.46

 B. Maximum daily demand (MDD)
The water consumption varies from day to day throughout the year. The ratio of the maximum
day consumption to the mean annul day consumption is the maximum daily factor. By taking the
maximum daily factor 1.2, the maximum daily demand is as follows.

Maximum daily demand (Day-max) =maximum daily demand factor *average daily demand

==1.2*70.80 m3 /day = 84.96m3 /day =2.95l/s

C. Peak hourly demand (PHD)

The highest water demand that occurs in one of hours within a day is called peak hour
demand .the ratio of the peak hour demand to the maximum day demand is called peak hour
factor. Take the peak hour factor 1.6, peak hour demand as follow.

Peak hour demand (Peak-hr) = peak hourly demand factor * average daily demand

= 1.6*70.80m3 /day = 113.28m3 /day = 3.93

The total water demand projections for the target years of the project have been summarized in
the formatted table below.

5.3.1 Summary of water demand assessment

Table 0-1 summary of water demand assessment

Gago Water supply

Years
Description Unit
2018 2019 2024 2029 2034

Growth
2.04% 1.98% 1.61% 1.25% 0.93%
Population Rate
 No 1354 1381 1,496 1,592 1,668
Per capita demand l/c/day 20 22 26 30
32.9
Domestic demand m3/d 27.62 41.39 50.04
1
Socio-economic factor 1.05
Climate factor 1
Adjusted Total Domestic demand 29.00 34.56 43.46 52.54
Non Domestic Demand
Public, Commercial and industrial Demand
m3/day 2.900 3.456 4.346 5.254
(10% DDD)
Animal Demand m3/day

Total Demands m3/day 31.90 38.01 47.81 57.80

 % 15% 17.50% 20.00% 22.50%
Non Revenue Water 3
m /day 4.79 6.65 9.56 13.00
Average Day Demand including loss (8 m3/day 36.69 44.67 57.37 70.80
hours) l/s 1.27 1.55 1.99 2.46
Maximum Day Factor 1.2
3
m /day 44.02 53.60 68.84 84.96
Maximum Day Demand(8 hours)
l/s 1.53 1.86 2.39 2.95
Peak Hour Factor 1.6
3
m /day 58.70 71.47 91.79 113.28
Peak Hour Demand (8 hours)
l/s 2.04 2.48 3.19 3.93
Number of water point No 12
Base flow fore WP l/s 0.33
Design pump discharge l/s 2.95
Resevoir capacity (1/3*MDD) m3 28.32014
Standard Resevoir capacity m3 50

5.3.4 Average day, maximum day and peak hour demand

Therefore, the maximum day water demand (8 hours) at the design period will be 2.95 lit/sec.
under 24hrs pumping but, to minimize the pumping hours to 8hrs 2.95lit/sec is needed

5.4 Structural and system design

Following the design criteria for rural water supply system the supply facilities ate detailed
below. Accordingly, Reservoirs, pipes and public water points are proposed at where the design
required.

1, Service Reservoir

The most important consideration in choice of site for service reservoir is the elevation. The
height of water stored, measured from bottom of the reservoir, and must produce sufficient head
or pressure to enable water to flow through a pipeline to the users. The height needed is
determined by the height of the taps in the system and the amount of pressure desired for the
distribution system.

In order to become economical, try to locate the reservoir as close as possible the water source
and the population being served. If possible, put between the source and the population to limit
the need for long lines of pipe
Service reservoir shall be sized to balance hourly variation in demand, to provide constant
pressure in the distribution network and maintain reserve and emergency volume, which is
expected in the case of power failure or system, break down.

Reservoir capacity=one third of projected maximum day demand (max day demand of 2034)

Reservoir capacity = maximum day demand *1/3

=84.96 m3/day *1/3 = 28.32m3

Dead storage of reservoir = 5%*28.32m3

=1.416m3

=1.416 m3+28.32 m3

= 29.736m3

There is 50 m3reservoirs in the town so, provide 50m3 standard reservoir

2. Public water points

The lowest investment cost for piped service is through public stand post. They should be located
so that one public stand post provides for every 500 to 1000 public tap users depending on local
population density and physical situations.

The public fountain shall be erected in residential area and public school and maximum hauling
distance should be 200m of each household or up to 500m in sparsely populated area.

Public water point should be designed so that rain and wastewater drains away from the area and
are not allowed standing. In addition to this to protect contamination all water points should be
fenced.

 For the village totally, 10 public fountains (1 for school, and 9 for community) are
considered and location of most of them is determined by elder community and some
beneficiaries.

3. Pipe line profile

In the project study, type of pipe, nominal size, minimum and maximum pressure head limits and
minimum and maximum velocity are stipulated to be used as guideline design criteria. The type
of pipe to be used is determined based on the pressure head and type of soil. For the village, the
GI &HDPE type of pipe is proposed for the whole system
 Pressure Pipes Inventory

40.0 1,108.56 m 65.0 mm 1,948.28

mm
50.0 148.44 m 75.0 mm 512.37
mm
63.0 1,198.17 m 90.0 mm 1,602.03
mm
Total 6,517.84 m
Length

5.4.1. Pipeline design criteria

The distribution pipelines must be designed to handle the peak hour demand of the system:
 Minimum pressure at the remotest end of the system = 3 m
 Maximum velocity of flow in pipes
a. Transmission Line = 3.0 m/s
b. Distribution Line = 1.5 m/s
 Minimum velocity of flow in pipes = 0.40 m/s
 Demand Factor: varies from 0.3 (minimum demand) to 3.0 (peak-demand)
 Allowable head loss: minimum = 0.50 m/1,000 m, maximum = 10 m/1,000 m
 Allowable pressure: minimum = 3 m, maximum = 70 m
 Profile from T-1 to WP1
Scenario: Base
2000.0

1980.0

1960.0

1940.0
E le v a tio n

1920.0
(m )

1900.0

1880.0

1860.0

1840.0

1820.0
0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 3000.0 3500.0 4000.0
Distance along Pipe Walk
(m)

4.Generator and Gourd House

It should be well ventilated fixing mesh wire for insect netting and ventilation as standard design
4.5m wide and 6m longitude

Summary of proposed civil structures

No Description Unit Qty Remark

1 Service reservoir No 1 Masonry

(50M3)

2 Public water No 11 Masonry

point

3 Generator house No 1 G32 G.I sheet

and pump wall roofing

5.3.2 Distribution lines

This consists of the distribution line main and branches to water points. This line designed to
carry the peak hour demand and should be determined on the basis of 8hrs effective demand per
day (Required flow Q8hrs = 2.95 Lit/sec
5.3.3 Design of pressure main

For economical diameter of rising main using Ieas’s empirical formula

D=aQ

Taking a=1.2 than D=1.22Q=1.22*(2.95*10-3) =0.0m21/2”

Take a standard, economical and commercially available pipe size of 65mm (21/2” inch)

The velocity =4*Q/*D2=4*3.92*10-3/*0.652=0.785m/sec

6. Hydraulic Analysis

6.1 Location and descriptions of the system

The water from the borehole will be pumped using submersible pump via pressure (raising) main
to the water reservoirs at selected place of proposed highest point.

Reservoir will be gravitated via gravity main to the town then it distributes to the residence by
distribution lines. The schematic lay out of the water supply is presented in annex part.

6.2 Analysis of water distribution system

 It is necessary to analyze pipe networks of a given distribution system in order to

determine the pressure and flow availability in any section of the system and to suggest
ways to improve up on the same if found in adequate.
 Hydraulic analysis of the whole water supply system has been controlled by “WATER
CAD” Computer Aided software
 Results of design analysis using WATER CAD software is given in annex.

6. 3Head loss Analysis riser pipe and Tranisimmionline

Riser pipe and head work pipe head loss

Material use class C Galvanized iron

Nominal diameter=65

Total Length of riser pipe and head work=197.

Recommended Discharge=2.95

Velocity=0.9
6.3 .1Tranisimmion line head loss calculation from head work to reservoir

Type material = Galvanized iron

Nominal diameter = 65DN

Total Length of Tranisimmionline = 2555m

Recommended Discharge = 2.95l/sec

Velocity = 0.9 m/sec

6.4 Determination of Total Pump Head (HT)

The total pumping head can be calculated from;

HRP&T = HRP + HTL1&2 + Hml

Where: - HT = Total Head

Hs = static head (Geo. Head+ Dynamic water level) + reservoir height

Geo head = 85m

Dynamic Water level = 160m

Reservoir height = 3m

Pump position below Dynamic head = 20m

HRP&T = Dynamic head loss Tranissimmion line = 31.6

Hrp = Head loss of riser pipe=6

HRP&T = 31.6+6 = 37.16

Total head (TDH) = Static Head (Geo Head+ Dynamic Water level+ Reservoir height)
+Dynamic head loss

86+180+3+37

= 301m
 Intake Discharg Calculate
Contro Pump
Labe Elevatio Pump e Pump Discharg d Water
l Head
l n (m) Grade Grade e (l/s) Power
Status (m)
(m) (m) (kW)

PMP 0 On 1,717.8 2,023.38 2.96 305.5 8.84

-1 3 5

Pump Head Curve

PMP-1 (Relative Speed Factor = 1.00)
450.0

400.0

350.0

300.0

250.0
H ead
(m )

200.0

150.0

100.0

50.0

0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
Discharge
(l/s)

Calculate
Minimu Maximu
Base Initial Tank Curren d Calculate
Labe Zon m m Inflow
Elevatio HGL Diamete t Hydrauli d Percent
l e Elevatio Elevation (l/s)
n (m) (m) r (m) Status c Grade Full (%)
n (m) (m)
(m)
Zon 1,987.8
T-1 1,984.00 1,984.20 1,988.30 4.08 2.96 Filling 1,987.80 87.8
e 0

junction report
 Bas Calculat
e Demand ed Pressu
Elevati Patter
Label Zone Type Flo (Calculate Hydrauli re (m
on (m) n
w d) (l/s) c Grade H2O)
(l/s) (m)
1,924.0 Dema 0.3
WP888 0 Zone nd 6 Gago 0.36 1,976.81 52.7
1,969.0 Dema
DL33 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,983.84 14.812
1,904.0 Dema 0.3
WP777 0 Zone nd 6 Gago 0.36 1,971.77 67.633
1,973.0 Dema
DLL 111 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,981.59 8.568
1,932.0 Dema
DPL28 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,979.12 47.021
1,977.0 Dema
DL36 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,986.15 9.132
1,906.0 Dema
PL22 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 2,018.83 112.6
1,907.0 Dema
DL10 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,965.15 58.033
1,900.0 Dema 0.3
WP555 0 Zone nd 6 Gago 0.36 1,969.04 68.905
1,899.0 Dema 120.92
DW20 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 2,020.17 9
1,974.0 Dema
DL35 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,985.55 11.53
1,968.0 Dema
DPL31 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,981.16 13.135
1,902.0 Dema
DL12 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,967.68 65.543
1,907.0 Dema 110.05
PL23 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 2,017.28 3
1,851.0 Dema 111.80
DL4 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,963.03 7
1,971.0 Dema
DL34 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,984.75 13.727
1,850.0 Dema 0.3 112.24
WP222 0 Zone nd 6 Gago 0.36 1,962.47 5
1,919.0 Dema
DL18 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,975.57 56.455
1,892.0 Dema 0.3
WP333 0 Zone nd 6 Gago 0.36 1,963.15 71.004
DL5 1,857.0 Zone Dema 0 Gago 0 1,963.25 106.04
 0 nd
1,925.0 Dema
DL21 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,977.18 52.075
1,905.0 Dema
DL14 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,971.22 66.087
1,934.0 Dema
DL29 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,979.69 45.598
1,915.0 Dema 100.82
PL25 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 2,016.03 4
1,933.0 Dema
PL26 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 2,014.67 81.501
1,893.0 Dema
DL8 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,963.81 70.67
1,968.0 Dema 0.3
WP999 0 Zone nd 6 Gago 0.36 1,982.40 14.373
1,872.0 Dema
DL6 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,963.43 91.247
1,964.0 Dema
DL32 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,983.16 19.126
1,948.0 Dema
DPL30 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,980.22 32.158
1,842.0 Dema
DL3 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,962.91 120.67
1,906.0 Dema
DL15 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,972.24 66.105
1,907.0 Dema
DL17 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,974.52 67.386
1,893.0 Dema
DL9 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,964.69 71.542
1,926.0 Dema
DL19 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,976.60 50.501
1,981.0 Dema
DL37 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,986.71 5.694
1,935.0 Dema
DPL27 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,978.20 43.11
1,890.0 Dema
DL7 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,963.63 73.482
1,931.0 Dema
DL24 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,977.83 46.74
1,838.0 Dema
DL2 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,962.75 124.5
1,901.0 Dema
DL13 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,969.37 68.233
1,980.0 Dema 0.3
WP1010 0 Zone nd 6 Gago 0.36 1,986.19 6.178
WP1 1,836.0 Zone Dema 0.3 Gago 0.36 1,962.01 125.75
 0 nd 6 9
1,903.0 Dema
DL16 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,973.64 70.498
School 1,907.0 Dema 0.3
WP444 0 Zone nd 6 Gago 0.36 1,964.57 57.452
1,907.0 Dema
DL11 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,966.16 59.046
HCWP6 1,898.0 Dema 0.3
66 0 Zone nd 6 Gago 0.36 1,965.55 67.41
1,932.0 Dema
J-50 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 2,011.91 79.751
1,934.0 Dema
J-51 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 2,010.04 75.884
1,948.0 Dema
J-52 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 2,008.34 60.214
1,968.0 Dema
J-53 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 2,006.12 38.045
1,973.0 Dema
J-54 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 2,004.43 31.363
1,973.0 Dema
J-55 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 2,002.65 29.59
1,964.0 Dema
J-56 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 2,000.41 36.34
1,969.0 Dema
J-57 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,998.37 29.313
1,971.0 Dema
J-58 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,996.36 25.309
1,974.0 Dema
J-59 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,994.11 20.072
1,977.0 Dema
J-60 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,992.85 15.816
1,981.0 Dema
J-61 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,991.38 10.355
1,984.0 Dema
J-62 0 Zone nd 0 Gago 0 1,989.57 5.554
1,932.0 Dema 0.3
wp 11 0 Zone nd 6 Gago 0.36 1,978.51 46.415

PIPE REPORT
 Upstrea Downstr
Press Headl Disch
Dia m eam
ure oss arge
me Discha Structur Structur Velo
Lab Length Materia Pipe Gradi (Abso
ter rge e e city
el (m) l Head ent lute
(m (l/s) Hydrauli Hydrauli (m/s)
loss (m/k Value
m) c Grade c Grade
(m) m) ) (l/s)
(m) (m)
Galvani
P-2 71.32 65 zed iron 2.96 2,020.17 2,018.83 1.35 18.86 2.96 0.89
Galvani
P-5 72.24 65 zed iron 2.96 2,016.03 2,014.67 1.36 18.86 2.96 0.89
Galvani
P-6 146 65 zed iron 2.96 2,014.67 2,011.91 2.75 18.86 2.96 0.89
Galvani
P-7 99.36 65 zed iron 2.96 2,011.91 2,010.04 1.87 18.86 2.96 0.89
Galvani
P-8 90.22 65 zed iron 2.96 2,010.04 2,008.34 1.7 18.86 2.96 0.89
Galvani
P-9 117.35 65 zed iron 2.96 2,008.34 2,006.12 2.21 18.86 2.96 0.89
P- Galvani
10 89.92 65 zed iron 2.96 2,006.12 2,004.43 1.7 18.86 2.96 0.89
P- Galvani
11 94.18 65 zed iron 2.96 2,004.43 2,002.65 1.78 18.86 2.96 0.89
P- Galvani
12 118.57 65 zed iron 2.96 2,002.65 2,000.41 2.24 18.86 2.96 0.89
P- Galvani
13 108.2 65 zed iron 2.96 2,000.41 1,998.37 2.04 18.86 2.96 0.89
P- Galvani
14 106.68 65 zed iron 2.96 1,998.37 1,996.36 2.01 18.86 2.96 0.89
P- Galvani
15 119.18 65 zed iron 2.96 1,996.36 1,994.11 2.25 18.86 2.96 0.89
P- Galvani
16 67.06 65 zed iron 2.96 1,994.11 1,992.85 1.26 18.86 2.96 0.89
P- Galvani
17 78.03 65 zed iron 2.96 1,992.85 1,991.38 1.47 18.86 2.96 0.89
P-
20 119.48 90 HDPE 3.93 1,987.80 1,986.71 1.1 9.17 3.93 0.62
P-
21 72.24 90 HDPE 3.57 1,986.71 1,986.15 0.55 7.68 3.57 0.56
P-
22 77.72 90 HDPE 3.57 1,986.15 1,985.55 0.6 7.68 3.57 0.56
P-
23 103.94 90 HDPE 3.57 1,985.55 1,984.75 0.8 7.68 3.57 0.56
P-
24 118.87 90 HDPE 3.57 1,984.75 1,983.84 0.91 7.68 3.57 0.56
P- 88.09 90 HDPE 3.57 1,983.84 1,983.16 0.68 7.68 3.57 0.56
25
P-
28 67.06 90 HDPE 3.21 1,981.59 1,981.16 0.42 6.32 3.21 0.51
P-
29 148.44 90 HDPE 3.21 1,981.16 1,980.22 0.94 6.32 3.21 0.51
P-
30 84.43 90 HDPE 3.21 1,980.22 1,979.69 0.53 6.32 3.21 0.51
P-
31 90.83 90 HDPE 3.21 1,979.69 1,979.12 0.57 6.32 3.21 0.51
P-
32 180.75 90 HDPE 2.86 1,979.12 1,978.20 0.92 5.08 2.86 0.45
P-
33 71.32 90 HDPE 2.86 1,978.20 1,977.83 0.36 5.08 2.86 0.45
P-
34 128.93 90 HDPE 2.86 1,977.83 1,977.18 0.66 5.08 2.86 0.45
P-
35 59.74 75 HDPE 2.5 1,977.18 1,976.60 0.58 9.65 2.5 0.57
P-
36 107.29 75 HDPE 2.5 1,976.60 1,975.57 1.03 9.64 2.5 0.57
P-
37 108.51 75 HDPE 2.5 1,975.57 1,974.52 1.05 9.64 2.5 0.57
P-
38 91.44 75 HDPE 2.5 1,974.52 1,973.64 0.88 9.64 2.5 0.57
P-
39 145.39 75 HDPE 2.5 1,973.64 1,972.24 1.4 9.64 2.5 0.57
P-
40 60.05 63 HDPE 2.14 1,972.24 1,971.22 1.02 16.95 2.14 0.69
P-
43 124.97 63 HDPE 1.79 1,967.68 1,966.16 1.51 12.09 1.79 0.57
P-
44 126.8 63 HDPE 1.43 1,966.16 1,965.15 1.01 8 1.43 0.46
P-
45 98.76 63 HDPE 1.07 1,965.15 1,964.69 0.46 4.69 1.07 0.34
P-
46 186.23 63 HDPE 1.07 1,964.69 1,963.81 0.87 4.7 1.07 0.34
P-
47 81.99 63 HDPE 0.71 1,963.81 1,963.63 0.18 2.21 0.71 0.23
P-
48 89.92 63 HDPE 0.71 1,963.63 1,963.43 0.2 2.22 0.71 0.23
P-
49 80.16 63 HDPE 0.71 1,963.43 1,963.25 0.18 2.21 0.71 0.23
P-
50 99.97 63 HDPE 0.71 1,963.25 1,963.03 0.22 2.22 0.71 0.23
P-
51 62.79 50 HDPE 0.36 1,963.03 1,962.91 0.12 1.89 0.36 0.18
50 85.65 50 HDPE 0.36 1,962.91 1,962.75 0.16 1.89 0.36 0.18
P-
53 131.67 40 HDPE 0.36 1,962.75 1,962.01 0.74 5.61 0.36 0.28
P-
54 99.97 40 HDPE 0.36 1,963.03 1,962.47 0.56 5.61 0.36 0.28
P-
55 83.52 40 HDPE 0.36 1,972.24 1,971.77 0.47 5.61 0.36 0.28
P-
56 109.12 63 HDPE 2.14 1,971.22 1,969.37 1.85 16.95 2.14 0.69
P-
57 103.94 40 HDPE 0.36 1,965.15 1,964.57 0.58 5.61 0.36 0.28
P-
58 110.34 40 HDPE 0.36 1,966.16 1,965.55 0.62 5.61 0.36 0.28
P-
59 140.21 63 HDPE 1.79 1,969.37 1,967.68 1.7 12.09 1.79 0.57
P-
60 58.22 40 HDPE 0.36 1,969.37 1,969.04 0.33 5.61 0.36 0.28
P-
61 66.45 40 HDPE 0.36 1,977.18 1,976.81 0.37 5.61 0.36 0.28
P-
63 91.74 40 HDPE 0.36 1,986.71 1,986.19 0.51 5.61 0.36 0.28
P-
64 249.94 90 HDPE 3.21 1,983.16 1,981.59 1.58 6.32 3.21 0.51
P-
65 135.94 40 HDPE 0.36 1,983.16 1,982.40 0.76 5.61 0.36 0.28
P- Galvani
66 62.18 65 zed iron 2.96 1,719.00 1,717.83 1.17 18.86 2.96 0.89
P- Galvani
67 169.77 65 zed iron 2.96 2,023.38 2,020.17 3.2 18.86 2.96 0.89
P- Galvani
69 66.14 65 zed iron 2.96 2,017.28 2,016.03 1.25 18.86 2.96 0.89
P-
70 118.57 40 HDPE 0.36 1,963.81 1,963.15 0.67 5.61 0.36 0.28
P- Galvani
71 82.3 65 zed iron -2.96 2,017.28 2,018.83 1.55 18.86 2.96 0.89
P- Galvani
72 96.01 65 zed iron 2.96 1,991.38 1,989.57 1.81 18.86 2.96 0.89
P- Galvani
73 93.57 65 zed iron 2.96 1,989.57 1,987.80 1.76 18.86 2.96 0.89
P-
74 108.2 40 HDPE 0.36 1,979.12 1,978.51 0.61 5.61 0.36 0.28

Pressure and Distribution pipe network For Gagoo site: 7.5km

No Description uni QTY Rat Total cost

 t e
Trench excavation m 7,495.0
0
Back fill with good dry filling m 7,495.3
material 9
1 G.I Pipe & different fittings
1.1 G.I Pipe
1.1. class "B" GI Pipes|(DN65) pcs 345 200 690000
1 0
1.1. clas"C"GI pipes(DN65) pcs 27 170 45900
2 0
1.2 G.I fittings
1.2. Socket for deep well class "c"
1
a 2 1/2" pcs 24 300 7200
1.2. couple
2
a 3" pcs 3 420 1260
b 21/2" pcs 185 320 59200
c 11/2" pcs 15 200 3000
1.2. couple staright reducer
3
a 3"x21/2" pcs 6 340 2040
1.2. 90o Elbow
4
b 21/2" pcs 9 28 252
1.2. Union
5
b 21/2" pcs 7 300 2100
c 11/2" pcs 13 150 1950
1.2. Nipples
6
b 21/2" pcs 12 260 3120
c 11/2" pcs 14 200 2800
1.2. Gate Valve-Bronze Type -Threaded
7
a 3" X 3" pcs 2 300 6000
0
b 2 1/2" x 2 1/2" pcs 3 250 7500
0
c 1 1/2" x 1 1/2" pcs 13 230 29900
0
Check Valve
1.2.
8
b 2 1/2" pcs 2 320 6400
0
water meter
1.2.
9
a 3" pcs 2 350 7000
0
b 2 1/2" pcs 2 320 6400
0
c 1 1/2" pcs 13 320 41600
0
2 HDPE Pipes and fittings
a HDPE Pressure Pipes,
b OD 90 mm PN16 m 1842 180 331560
c OD75mm PN16 m 588 100 58800
d OD63mm PN16 m 1341 100 134100
e OD50mm PN16 m 200 80 16000
f OD40mm PN16 m 1274 60 76440
2.2 HDPE Pressure Fittings 0
2.2. Compression Fitting Straight 0
1 Coupling (OD)
a 90mm x 90mm N 22 600 13200
O
b 75mm x 75mm N 9 600 5400
O
c 63mm x 63mm N 30 600 18000
O
d 50mm x 50mm N 5 580 2900
O
40mm x 40mm N 18 320 5760
O
2.2. cross-Tee (OD) 0
2
2.2. 90o Reducing and normal 0
3 Compression Tee (OD)
a 90mm x 75mm x 90mm N 3 650 1950
O
b 90mm x 40mm x 90mm N 6 590 3540
O
c 75mm x50mm x 75mm N 3 530 1590
O
d 63mm x50mm x 63mm N 3 530 1590
O
e 50mm x 40mm x 50mm N 6 450 2700
 O
2.2. Straight Compression Reducer 0
4 (OD)
a 90mm x 75mm N 2 550 1100
O
b 75mm x 63mm N 3 520 1560
O
c 75mm x 50mm N 2 550 1100
O
d 63mm x 50mm N 4 520 2080
O
e 50mm x 40mm N 5 420 2100
O
2.2. Male Adaptor(OD)
5
b 75mm x 2" N 3 430 1290
O
c 50mm x 11/2" N 4 430 1720
O
50mm x 1" N 13 420 5460
O
2.2. Female Adaptor (OD)
6
b 90mm x 21/2" N 4 450 1800
O
c 75mm x 2" N 3 450 1350
O
d 50mm x 11/2" N 13 400 5200
O
40mm x 1"
2.2. 90o Compression Elbow (OD)
7
a 90mm x 90mm N 3 320 960
O
b 75mmx75mm N 2 250 500
O
c 63mmx63mm N 4 250 1000
O
2.2. 45o Compression Elbow (OD)
8
b 75mmx75mm N 2 250 500
O
c 63mmx63mm N 3 250 750
O
d 50mm x 50mm N 5 250 1250
 O
Grand Total 1,626,872.0
0

Pump &Generator

Item Unit Total

no. Description Unit Qty. Price Amount
Transportation and installation of
Submersible Pump with all
1 set 1 20000 20,000
accessories (H=305.5m , Q=2.96l/s ,
P=11kw )
supply of Submersible Pump with all
2 accessories (H=305.5m , Q=2.91l/s , set 1 280000 280,000
P=11kw )
Transportation and installation of
3 Generator with all accessories set 1 22000 22,000
(27.5KVA)
4 Supply of Generator with all set 1 270000 270,000
accessories (27.5KVA)

Bill Of Quantity of Generator & guard house

I.N Description of Works Unit Qty Rate Amount
o
1 Excavation &Earth Works
1.1 Site clearing to an average depth of 20 cm m2 65 10 650
to remove top soil & Grubbing
1.2 Excavation for foundation trench to a depth m3 16 100 1,600.00
of not exceeding 100 cm below stripped
ground level
1.3 Back filling around a foundation with good m3 5 100 500
dry filling material from the site
1.4 Back filling under a hard core with good m3 5 100 500
and approved selected material site well
rammed and compacted in layers not
exceeding 20cm
1.5 cart away surplus material to a distance of m3 35 10 350
100m
1.6 Placing 25cm thick basaltic or equivalent m3 8 400 3,200.00
stone hard core well rolled and
consolidated & blinded with crushed stone
2 Masonry work 0
2.1 Construction of 40 cm thick basaltic or m3 7.5 1000 7,500.00
equivalent masonry foundation wall to a
depth of 70 cm blow stripped level blended
& joined in cement mortar of 1:3
2.2 Construction of 40 cm thick basaltic or m3 4 1000 4,000.00
equivalent masonry foundation wall to a
height of 35 cm above ground level
blended & joined in cement mortor1:3
2.3 Pointing the external wall surface of the m2 8 100 800
foundation with cement mortar 1:3
3 concrete work 0
3.1 Casting 50 mm thick Lean Concrete Grade m2 25 150 3,750.00
C-10, with min. cement content of 150 Kg /
m3 of concrete over the Hard Core
3.2 Casting 50 cm thick reinforced concrete for m3 1.5 2000 3,000.00
Generator Seat (Basement) with Grade C-
20 Concrete with minimum cement content
of 320 kg / m3 cost includes supply &
Installation of Re-bar and approved
Anchor Bolts and Formwork fixing
3.3 Casting 15 cm thick Mass Concrete of m3 3 2000 6,000.00
Grade C-20, with minimum cement of 320
Kg / m3 of concrete over Lean Concrete
with Temperature Reinforcement
3.3 Supply, Cut, Bend & fixing Reinforcement Kg 25 36 900
bar DN10 mm spaced @ 200 mm
3.4 Supply, cut & fixing in positions sawn m2 2.5 100 250
wooden formworks or equivalent properly
erected and strutted with posts & Slings
having tight joint not to bleed
4 Wall work 0
4.1 Construction of corrugated galvanized iron m2 60 250 15,000.0
sheets wall made of G-32 Sheet fixed to 0
horizontal eucalyptus purlins of DN 80 mm
spaced 90 cm with roof nail
4.2 Supply & fixing stand poles diameter M 80 20 1,600.00
DN150 mm eucalyptus tree anchored to
masonry foundation wall with C-15
concrete mix 50 cm deep as design
4.3 Supply and fixing horizontal purlins M 85 20 1,700.00
diameter DN 80 mm round eucalyptus tree
nailed to Vertical Posts spaced @ 90 cm
on center
5 Roofing 0
5.1 Supply & fixes G-32 G.I. Sheets with roof LS 1 15000 15,000.0
nail with washer fixed to Purlins of smooth 0
DN 60 mm eucalyptus tree fixed on trusses
members made of formworks or equivalent
DN 150 mm round eucalyptus tree spaced
@125 cm.
6 Doors & windows 0
6.1 "Tid or Equivalent wooden frame lockable Pcs 1 2000 2,000.00
doors made of G-32 CGI sheets of Double
Leaf type 2.10 m x 1.50 m
6.2 "Tid or Equivalent wooden frame lockable Pcs 2 1000 2,000.00
windows made of G-32 CGI sheets
ofDouble Leaf type 1.20 x 1.50 m
6.3 supply & fix mesh wire for insect netting Ml 8 100 800
and ventilation as design 75 cm high
Total cost For One Generator House 71,100.0
0
 Construction of public fountains
U.
ITE TOTA
UN QN PRIC
M DESCRIPTION L
IT TY E
NO
BIRR BIRR
1 Earth work
Clearing and striping of top soil to a minimum depth of m2
200 mm inside the fenced compound of each water 66.2
1.1 point 2 10 662.2
Clearing and grubbing the top soil and unwanted m2
material to a depth of 200 mm and disposal of spoil as
directed by the Engineer
1.2 33.8 10 338
Excavation for foundation, soak away pit and valve m3 10.3
1.3 chamber 4 65 672.1
Provide and compact selected material in layers of m 3

1.4 150mm 13 55 715

Provide and fill hard core with hard basaltic or m3
equivalent stone, well compacted and blinded with
1.5 crushed stone 3 230 690
Cart away and dispose all excavated material to m 3
30.3
1.6 appropriate distance not exceeding 1 Km. 4 70 2123.8
2 Concrete Work 0
2.1 C-15 lean concrete m3 0.78 900 702
2.2 C-25 concrete mass concrete m3 3.78 800 3024
C-25 R. concrete for tie beam m3 0.85 800 680
2.3 Provide and fix formwork m2 5 300 1500
Provide cut, and fix in position reinforced steel bar all
according to structural drawing, Price shall include
2.4 tying wires 0
2.5 Diameter 6 mm Kg 21.2 50 1060
2.6 Diameter 10 mm Kg 42.5 50 2125
3 Masonry Work 0
Provide and construct 400mm thick trachytic masonry m3
wall grouted and filled with (1:3) mortar for foundation
3.1 and super structure 6.74 500 3370
Plastering to smooth finish for waterpoint wall and m 2
18.9
3.2 surface 7 50 948.5
Provide and fix in place precast R.concrete water seller No
3.3 seats as per the drawing 0 0
Masonry pavement around the water point as per the m 2

drawing (200 mm thick with 1:3 mortar) 8.9 150 1335

4 Pipework 0
4.1 Supplying and installing GS pipes 0
4.2 DN 40 GS M 12 200 2400
4.3 DN20 GS M 3 150 450
4.4 Supplying and fixing fittings 0
4.5 Cross tee DN 40 No 2 150 300
4.6 Reducer 40x20 No 6 100 600
4.7 Tee DN 40 No 1 150 150
4.8 DN 40 Bend (elbow) 90 degree No 5 100 500
4.9 Faucet DN 20 No 6 100 600
4.1 Socket DN 20 No 6 100 600
4.11 Gate valve DN 40 No 1 650 650
4.12 Union DN 40 No 1 200 200
4.13 Nipples DN 40 No 8 100 800
Water meter DN 40 (install only, supplied by employer)
4.14 No 1 200 200
Construct two valve chambers for water meter and gate
valve , covered with 700*700*6mm sheet metal with
4.15 latch and lock as per the drawing No 2 250 500
5 Drainage 0
Reinforced Concrete drainage ditch from water point to
soak away pitas per the drawing, Price including
5.1 excavation and any other incidental works m 2 250 500
Supply and place boulders, crashed aggregate and sand
to form the soak away as per the drawing 1,000.
5.2 m3 0.32 00 320
6 Fence 0
Supply and erect a chain link fencing fixed to 2500 m
long (100mm*100mm) pre-cast concrete post spaced
every 2000mm, including all necessary material and
6.1 incidental works as per the drawing m 30 200 6000
Supply and fix iron gate 2.1*1.2 m with lock and latch
6.2 No 2 500 1000
total of - One Public fountain 35,715
.60
11 392871.6
 50 m3 Standard Service Reservoir

Ite
Total
m Description Unit Qty Rate
Amount
no.
1 Earth Work
Site clearing & grubbing up to a average
1.1 m2 64 30 1,920.00
depth of 20 cm to remove top vegetated soil
Foundation excavation to a depth of 75 cm
1.2 m3 30.5 40 1,220.00
below ground level
Filling and compacting foundation base
1.3 m3 8.1 45 364.50
with selected materials for 20 cm
Placing 40 cm thick basaltic stone or
1.4 equivalent hard core well-rolled m3 16.2 120 1,944.00
consolidated and blinded with gravel
Back filling around a foundation with
1.5 approved selected materials from site well m3 22.1 20 442.00
rammed in layer of 20 cm
Castaway surplus excavated materials from
1.6 m3 25 20 500.00
the site to a distance of 100 m
2 concrete work 0.00
Casting 50 mm thick Lean concrete over
2.1 hard-core with Grade C-15 concrete with m2 30.2 110 3,322.00
minimum cement 150kg/m3
Casting 25 cm thick Base slab in Grade C-
2.2 25 reinforced concrete with minimum m3 7.55 1900 14,345.00
cement 360kg/m3 mix 1:2:4
Casting 20 cm thick Roof cover slab with
2.3 Grade C-25 reinforced concrete of m3 6.8 1900 12,920.00
minimum cement 360kg/m3
Construction of friction key with Grade C-
2.4 25 reinforced concrete simultaneously with m3 0.83 1900 1,577.00
base slab
 Construction of 10 cm thick reinforced
concrete Grade C-25 filled between
2.5 m3 5.2 1900 9,880.00
masonry wall reinforced with Hexagonal
Mesh-Wire of size 3/4
Casting 20cm thick concrete Ring beam of
2.6 Grade C-25 with minimum cement m3 1.7 1800 3,060.00
360kg/m3
supply, cut, bend and fix in position
2.7 0.00
reinforcement bars
 a ø 6mm kg 73 40 2,920.00
 b ø 8mm kg 55 40 2,200.00
 c ø10mm kg 1012 40 40,480.00
 d ø 12mm kg 135 40 5,400.00
Supply and fix 3/4 Hexagonal Mesh Wire
2.8 m2 75 60 4,500.00
for hoop stress
Fixing of good quality wooden or metal
2.9 form work firmly with strong strutting & m2 54 60 3,240.00
tight to avoid Bleeding & Bulging out
3 Masonry work 0.00
Construction of 2 x 20 cm thick Masonry
Wall on both side of the Concrete - Core
3.1 m3 20.6 900 18,540.00
embedded with cement Sand mortar of mix
1:3
Floor finish 30 mm thick trawl and smooth
3.2 m2 18.1 60 1,086.00
finish with 1:3 cement Sand mortar screed
Semi Dressed Stone Pavement around the
3.3 Reservoir 1.0 m wide cemented with in 1:3 m2 36 230 8,280.00
mix cement mortar
Construction of Semi-Circular 30 cm
3.4 m 38 300 11,400.00
diameter Drainage Ditch as per drawing
Construction of 100 x 100 x 100 cm Valve
3.5 chamber with Hollow Concrete Block as LS 1 4000 4,000.00
per Design Drawing
4 Miscellaneous & Finishing 0.00
Install & Fix all necessary pipes & fittings
with all necessary accessories, gate valves,
4.1 Float Valves as per the Design Drawings LS 1 5500 5,500.00
for In-let, Out-let, Vent pipe Drain,& Over-
flow system of the reservoir
 Supply & Install lockable Steel Man-Hole
4.2 cover with all fixing hinges & Accessories No 1 5000 5,000.00
with lock gate (Design)
Supply and install both External & Internal
Ladder made of Class B, G S Pipe of DN 25
4.3 No 2 1800 3,600.00
mm Length 3.0 m having extra 1.0 m high
handle at the top for External Ladder
Install and fix quality water meter DN 80
4.4 mm at the outlet of the reservoir with No 1 5000 5,000.00
appropriate fittings and Gate Valve
Supply and fix 25 mm thick quality
4.5 expansion Joint made of Bitumen asphalt m2 3 500 1,500.00
applied when necessary
Plastering the whole inner wall face and
4.6 exposed faces of concrete works with three m2 94 60 5,640.00
coats of cement sand mortar of mix 1 : 2
Pointing the whole External face of the
4.7 m2 56.5 50 2,825.00
masonry wall with cement mortar mix 1 : 2
Total for 50m3 masonry reservoir 182,605.50