BASIC LIFE SUPPORT 2 I.

STEPS IN FIRST AID: Objective: Apply the PROPER INITIAL GENERAL APPROACH to providing care to the
injured.

1. Scene Size-Up:

a. Survey the scene.

b. Move patient to safest area.

c. Check for the consciousness of the patient (Introduce yourself to gain patient and By-
standers’ trust).

d. Call for help. (Ex: Mr Red, kindly call for an ambulance then come back to me)

2. Primary Assessment:

a. Circulation

1) Skin – color: reddish? whitish? bluish? clammy? sweaty? very dry?

2) Pulse – at the side of the base of the thumb

b. Airway

1) Able to speak/cry = open airway

2) Note quality of speaking / crying.

3) Open the airway (Module 2)

4) Remove obstructions.

c. Breathing

1) Feel the flow of air against your cheek.

2) Hear the flow of air.

3) See the chest rise and fall

3. History

a. Chief complaint

b. History of the chief complaint

c. Pain assessment

d. Onset

e. Allergies

f. Medical history and medications

g. Next of kin
4. Secondary Assessment

To monitor victim’s condition; identify specific injuries:

a. Head and Neck:

1) Head

a) Sunken areas

b) Blood or fluid on the surface

c) Blood or fluid coming out of ears.

d) Confused? Difficulty in speaking? Difficulty in walking

II. RESPONSE TO FEVER:

Objectives: Identify various causes of fever; Provide appropriate first aid for persons with fever;
and recognize when to seek emergency help for persons with fever.

1. Fever

a. Higher-than-normal body temperature.

b. Slightly elevated body temperature in children, infants = serious illness

1) Low-Grade Fever 37.8-38.9C

2) Mild to Moderate Fever 39-39.9C

3) High Fever ≥40C

2. Causes of Fever:

a. Hot weather

b. Childhood immunization

c. Infections

d. Spending too much time under the sun.

e. Allergy to medication or food

3. Taking the Temperature:

a. Taking the temperature rectally

1) Use lubricant.

2) Lay the child on his stomach.

3) Insert bulb ½ to 1 inch.

 4) Hold for 1 minute.

5) Do not let go of the thermometer while it is in the rectum.

4. What to Do for Fever?

a. Monitor temperature.

b. Remove excess clothing; DO NOT wrap in blankets.

c. Keep person in cool place.

d. Give sponge bath.

e. Give plenty of fluids.

f. Give prescribed doses of paracetamol; DO NOT give aspirin.

5. When to Seek Medical Help?

a. Baby < 3 mos: rectal temperature ≥ 38°C

b. Baby < 2 y.o. with fever > 1 day

c. Child ≥ 2 y.o. with fever > 3 days

d. Adult with temperature > 39.4°C

e. Adult with fever > 3 days

6. When to Seek Emergency Help?

a. Severe headache

b. Sore throat

c. Unusual skin rash

d. Unusual eye sensitivity to bright light

e. Stiff neck, neck pain when head bent forward.

f. Confusion g. Persistent vomiting

h. Difficulty breathing.

i. Chest pain

j. Extreme listlessness or irritability

k. Abdominal pain or pain when urinating

III. HEAT RELATED INJURIES:

Objectives 1. Determine if a person is suffering from the following heat-related emergencies by

detecting their respective signs and symptoms

a. Heat cramps

b. Heat exhaustion

c. Heat stroke

Administration of Heat-Related Emergencies

1. Who are prone to heat-related problems?

a. Children

b. Elderly

c. People with heart disease

d. People with diabetes

e. People suffering from dehydration.

f. Obese persons

g. People with limited mobility

2. Heat Cramps:

a. painful tightening of muscles after prolonged use

b. heavy sweating → electrolyte imbalance → tightening