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Properties of Gases
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Properties of Gases MCQ Question 1
Download Solution PDF
Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy MCQ
Zeroth law of thermodynamics is not valid for the following:
1. 50 ml of water at 25°C is mixed with 150 ml of water at 25°C
2. 500 ml milk at 15°C is mixed with 100 ml of water at 15°C
3. 5 kg of wet steam at 100°C is mixed with 50 kg of dry and saturated steam.
4. 10 ml of water at 20°C is mixed with 10 ml of sulphuric acid at 20°C
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 4 : 10 ml of water at 20°C is mixed with 10 ml of sulphuric acid at 20°C
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Properties of Gases MCQ Question 1 Detailed Solution

Explanation:
According to Zeroth Law, if system A is in thermal equilibrium with system C, and system B is thermal equilibrium
with systems C, then system A is in thermal equilibrium with system B.
Now, two systems are said to be in (mutual) thermal equilibrium if, when they are placed in thermal contact (basically,
contact that permits the exchange of energy between them), their state variables do not change.
In case of mixing of water and sulphuric acid, the enormous amount of heat is released as mixing is highly
exothermic. So there is no more any thermal equilibrium. So Zeroth Law is not valid.

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According to kinetic theory of gases, the absolute temperature is attained when
1. Volume of the gas is zero
2. Pressure of the gas is zero
3. Kinetic energy of the molecules is zero
4. Specific heat of the gas is zero
Option 3 : Kinetic energy of the molecules is zero

Explanation:
According to the kinetic theory of gases, the average kinetic energy of translation per molecule of a gas is directly
proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas.
The pressure exerted by an ideal gas is given by:

1 M 2 1 2
P = ( )C = ρC
3 V 3
where C is the root mean square speed of molecules of the gas.

1 2
PV = MC
3
RT =
1
3
MC
2
{∵ PV = RT}
2 3RT
C = ⇒ C ∝ √T
M
The square root of the absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to root mean square velocity of
its molecule.
Now, at C = 0, T = 0
Absolute zero of temperature is defined as that temperature at which the root mean square velocity of the gas
molecules reduced to zero.
It means molecular motion ceases at absolute zero i.e. Kinetic energy of the molecules becomes zero at
absolute zero temperature.

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Generalized compressibility chart is drawn between:
1. Compressibility factor(Z) on x-axis and reduced pressure(Pr) on y-axis
2. Compressibility factor(Z) on y-axis and reduced temperature (Tr) on x-axis
3. Reduced pressure(Pr) on y-axis and reduced temperature (Tr) on x-axis
4. Compressibility factor(Z) on y-axis and reduced pressure(Pr) on x-axis
Option 4 : Compressibility factor(Z) on y-axis and reduced pressure(Pr) on x-axis

Explanation:
The compressibility factor is used to quantify the deviation of real behaviour from the ideal gas behaviour.
The compressibility factor Z is defined as the ratio of the actual volume to the volume predicted by the ideal gas law
at a given temperature and pressure.
Z = (Actual volume) / (volume predicted by the ideal gas law)

v Pv
z = RT
=
( ) RT
P
For an ideal gas, Z = 1 at all temperatures and pressures.
Gasses behave differently at a given temperature and pressure but they behave very much the same at temperatures
and pressure normalized to their critical temperatures and pressure.
PR =
P cr
P
and
T
TR =
T cr
The experimentally determined Z values are plotted against PR and TR for several gasses. By curve fitting, all the data
compressibility chart is obtained. In which Compressibility factor Z is on the y-axis and Reduced pressure PR is on
the x-axis.
The observation made from the generalized compressibility chart is that at very low-pressure gasses behave as an
ideal gas regardless of the temperature.

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When air expands from initial pressure P1 and volume V1 to final volume 5 V1 following the law PVn = C
1. Greater the value of n, greater the work obtained
2. Smaller the value of n, smaller the work obtained
3. For n = 0, the work obtained is the greatest
4. For n = 1.4, the work obtained is the greatest
Option 3 : For n = 0, the work obtained is the greatest

Concept:
Work obtained in the P – V diagram is the area under the curve.
As clearly seen that Larger the value of n, smaller is the area and so smaller is work obtained. In other words
P 1 V 1 −P 2 V 2
W =
n−1
So, W is maximum, when n = 0 i.e. constant pressure process
W is always zero for n = ∞ i.e. constant volume process

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A perfect gas at 27°C is heated at constant pressure till its volume is double. The final temperature is
1. 54°C
2. 108°C
3. 327°C
4. 600°C
Option 3 : 327°C

Concept:
As the gas is heated at constant pressure, so by applying Charles’s law

V2 T2
=
V1 T1
Where V & T are volume and temperature respectively.
Calculation:
Given:
T1 = 27°C = 300 K, V1 = V, V2 = 2V
T2
Therefore, 2 =
300
T2 = 600 K = 600 - 273
= 327°C

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A perfect gas is heated at constant pressure. The final volume of the gas becomes 1.5 times the initial
volume. If its initial temperature is 30°C, the final temperature will be:
1. 45°C
2. 20°C
3. 181.5°C
4. 330°C
Option 3 : 181.5°C

Concept:
Gases that obey the gas laws (Charles law, Boyles law and Universal Gas Law) are called ideal gases.
Boyle’s, Charles’, and Gay Lussac's Laws describe the basic behaviour of fluids with respect to volume, pressure, and
temperature.
It states that at constant volume, the pressure of a fixed amount of a gas

varies directly with temperature.
Gay
Lussac’s P∝T
Law
P
= Const
T
For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume is inversely

proportional to the pressure.
Boyle's 1
P ∝
Law V
PV = constant (If the temperature remains constant, the product of

pressure and volume of a given mass of a gas is constant.)
For a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, the volume is directly

Charle's L proportional to the Kelvin temperature.
aw
V
V ∝ T or, = Const
T
Calculation:
Given:
V2 = 1.5 V1 , T1 = 30° C = 303 K and P = Const.
from Charle's Law
V1 V2
⇒ T 1
=
T2
T2 V2
⇒ T 1
=
V1
= 1.5
⇒ T2 = 1.5 × 303 = 454.5 K
⇒ T2 = 181.5° C

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If the value of n = 0 in the equation PVn = C, then the process is called
1. Constant volume process
2. Adiabatic process
3. Constant pressure process
4. Isothermal process
Option 3 : Constant pressure process

Explanation:
Polytropic Process is represented by
PVn = C
n = 0 ⇒ P = C ⇒ Constant Pressure Process (Isobaric Process)

n = 1 ⇒ PV = C ⇒ Constant Temperature Process (Isothermal process)
n = γ ⇒ PVγ = C ⇒ Adiabatic Process
n = ∞ ⇒ V = C ⇒ Constant Volume Process (Isochoric process)
Important point:
For n = 0, it is a constant pressure process and it is a horizontal line.

For n = ∞, it is a constant volume process and it is a vertical line.
So, as the value of n increases, the process line will come closer to the y-axis.

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The Vander Waals equation of state is (p + a
v
2
) (v − b) = RT , where p is pressure, v is specific
volume, T is temperature and R is characteristic gas constant. The SI unit of a is
1. J/kg. K
2. m3/kg
3. m5/kgs2
4. Pa/kg
Option 3 : m5/kgs2

Explanation:
Vander-Waals equation
The equation is basically a modified version of the Ideal Gas Law which states that gases consist of point
masses that undergo perfectly elastic collisions. Ideal gas equation fails to explain the behaviour of real gases.
Therefore, the Van der Waals equation was devised and it helps us define the physical state of a real gas.
Van der Waals equation is an equation relating the relationship between the pressure, volume, temperature, and
amount of real gases. For a real gas containing ‘n’ moles, the equation is written as
a
(p + 2 ) (v − b) = RT
v
The constant "a" provides a correction for the intermolecular forces.

Constant b adjusts for the volume occupied by the gas particles. It is a correction for finite molecular size and
its value is the volume of one mole of the atoms or molecules.
here, p is pressure in N/m2, v is the specific volume in m3/kg, R is characteristic gas constant in J/kg-K, va is 2
called the force of cohesion and b is called the co-volume.
(p + v
a
2
) both terms should give the same unit since they are getting added
i.e. p = va in terms of unit.

2
2
N kg
⇒ 2 = a( 3 )
m m
6 5 5
m m m kg m
⇒ a (unit) = 2 . kg. 2 2 = 2 2 = 2
kg s m kg s kgs

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The internal energy of a gas obeying van der Waals, equation (p + a/V2)(V - b) = RT depends on its
1. Temperature
2. temperature and pressure
3. temperature and specific volume
4. pressure and specific volume
Option 3 : temperature and specific volume

Explanation:
Internal energy: U = u (T, V)

∂U ∂U
dU = ( ) + ( )
∂T V ∂V T
For a real gas, the internal energy if a function of both the temperature and the specific volume.
That is,
U = f (T , v)
For ideal gas (∂U/∂V)T = 0
∴ U = U (T) only
For an ideal gas (no intermolecular interactions and no molecular volume), appropriate equation of state would be:
PV = nRT ⇒ V = nRT/P i.e. V = f(T,P,n)
There are many equations of state describing real gases. These equations take into consideration molecular volume
and interactions. The most well-known such equation is the Van der Waals equation.
The internal energy of an ideal gas is a function of temperature only and is independent of pressure and volume. u =
u(T)

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The ratio of specific heat at constant pressure to the specific heat at constant volume for argon and
helium is-
1. 1.11
2. 1.3
3. 1.4
4. 1.667
Option 4 : 1.667

Concept:
The molar specific heat capacity of a gas at constant volume is defined as the amount of heat required to raise
the temperature of 1 mol of the gas by 1 °C at the constant volume.
ΔQ
Cv = ( )
nΔT
constant volume
The molar specific heat of a gas at constant pressure is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of 1 mol of the gas by 1 °C at the constant pressure.
ΔQ
Cp = ( )
nΔT
constant pressure
The relation between the ratio of Cp and Cv with a degree of freedom is given by
Cp 2
γ = = 1 +
Cv f
Where f = degree of freedom
EXPLANATION:
The relation between the ratio of Cp and Cv with a degree of freedom is given by
Cp 2
⇒ γ = = 1 +
Cv f
Monoatomic gas has 3 degrees of freedom

2 3+2 5
⇒ γ = 1 + = = = 1.67
3 3 3

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The general law of expansion or compression is PVn = C, The process is said to be hyperbolic, if n is
equal to
1. ∞
2. 1
3. 0
4. γ
Option 2 : 1

Explanation:
Polytropic Process is represented by:
PVn = C
where P is pressure, V is volume, and n is the polytropic index.
Equa value
Type of process Type of curve
tion of n
Constant Pressure Process Straight horizontal

P=C n=0
(Isobaric Process) line
PV = Constant Temperature Process Rectangular

n=1
C (Isothermal process) Hyperbolic Curve
PVγ =
n=γ Adiabatic Process Polynomial Curve
C
PV∞ Constant Volume Process

n=∞ Straight vertical line
=C (Isochoric process)
The isothermal process is governed by Boyle’s law.

The temperature remains constant in this process. Pressure and volume are inversely proportional to each
other. Hence, when P increases V decreases, and when V increases P decreases.
Thus the curve developed is a rectangular hyperbola. So, the graph for the Isothermal process shows
a hyperbolic curve.
T=C
i.e. PV = C (from ideal gas equation)

where P = Pressure, T = Temperature, V = Volume

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In the Van der Waal’s gas equation (p + v

a
2
) (v − b) = RT the constant ‘a’ is introduced to
compensate for
1. Reduction in specific volume
2. Inter-molecular forces
3. Reduction in specific heat
4. Force of adhesion
5. All of the above
Option 2 : Inter-molecular forces

Explanation:
Real gases:
The ideal gas law is only an approximation to the actual behaviour of the gases.
At high densities, that is at high pressure and low temperature, the behaviour of the actual or real gases deviate
from that predicted by the ideal gas law.
In general, at sufficiently low pressure or at low densities all gases behave like ideal gases.
The ideal gases follow the characteristic gas equation and real gases follow the Van der Waals equation of
state.
The ideal gas equation neglects the intermolecular forces and the volume occupied by the gas
molecules. Vanderwall's gas equation takes into account these effects. Therefore real gasses follow Van der
Waal's gas equation
a
(P + 2
) (v − b) = RT
V
The constants a and b have positive values and are characteristic of the individual gas. The van der Waals
equation of state approaches the ideal gas equation when values of these constants approach zero.
The constant a provides a correction for the intermolecular forces (force of cohesion)
Constant b is a correction for finite molecular size and its value is the volume of one mole of the atoms or
molecules.

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The pressure p of an ideal gas and its mean kinetic energy E per unit volume are related by the relation
1. p =
4
3
E
2. p =
3E
3. p =
2
3
E
4. p =
E
Option 3 : p =
2
3
E

Concept:
The pressure in a gas developed due to the collisions between the gaseous molecules.
The energy possessed by the molecule of the gas due to its motion is called kinetic energy of the gas molecules.
From the kinetic theory of gases, the pressure (P) exerted by an ideal gas is given by
P =
1
3
ρ C
2
where ρ= the density of ideal gas, C = its root mean square velocity.
We know,
m
ρ = ⇒ m = ρ × V
V
So, for a unit volume of gas, mass= ρ × 1 = ρ
Now, the mean kinetic energy of translation per unit volume of gas (KE) = 12 ρC 2
P (1/3) C ρ 2
2 2
T heref ore, = = or, P = KE
KE (1/2) C ρ 2
3 3
Alternate Method:
From Kinetic Theory of Gases.

3
K. E = RT
2
From the Ideal Gas Equation
PV = RT (for 1 mole)
Substituting the value of RT from the above equations in the equation of the kinetic theory of gases we get,
K.E 3 2 K.E 2
= P ⇒ P = ( ) = E
V 2 3 V 3

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As per Avogadro’s law, volume of 1 kmol of any gas is ________ m3 at N.T.P.
1. 22.413
2. 8.314
3. 273.15
4. None of these
Option 1 : 22.413

Explanation:
Normal temperature and pressure (NTP) is defined as 0°C (273.15 K) and 1 atm pressure.
The molar volume of a gas is the volume of one mole of a gas at NTP.
At NTP, one mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.413 m3.
Avogadro’s law
Avogadro's Law states that at the constant temperature and pressure, the volumes of gas is directly
proportional to the number of molecules.
In other words, volumes of all gases under the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of
molecules.
Thus, 1 m3 of O2 will contain the same number of molecules as 1 m3 of H2, when temperature and pressure are the
same.
Molecular masses of O2 and H2 are 32 and 2. Therefore, 1 molecule of O2 will have mass 16 times the mass of
H2 molecules.
Also, we have,
M ass
Density(ρ) =
V olume
As volumes are the same, density is directly proportional to molecular mass.
Therefore, it is clear that the density of oxygen is 16 times the density of hydrogen.
Hence, Avogadro’s law indicates that the density of any two gases is directly proportional to their molecular masses if
the gases are at the same temperature and pressure.

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As per Charles' law, the volume of a given mass of a perfect gas varies __________ as its absolute
temperature, when the absolute pressure remains constant.
1. directly
2. indirectly
3. no relation
4. none of the above
Option 1 : directly

Explanation:
A perfect gas is also an Ideal gas, which follows the Ideal gas equation of states i.e. PV = mRT at all temperatures.
A real gas behaves as an Ideal gas at low pressure and very high temperature. Air is a perfect gas.
Gases that obey the gas laws (Charles law, Boyles law, and Universal Gas Law) are called ideal gases.
Boyle’s, Charles’, and Gay Lussac's Laws describe the basic behavior of fluids with respect to volume, pressure, and
temperature.

Gay
Lussac’s P ∝ T
Law
P
= Const
T
For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume is inversely

Boyle's 1
P ∝
Law V


Charles' proportional to the Kelvin temperature.
Law
V
V ∝ T or = Const
T
The Combined gas law or General Gas Equation is obtained by combining Boyle's Law, Charles's law, and Gay-
Lussac's Law.
It shows the relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature for a fixed mass (quantity) of gas:
P1 V1 P2 V2
=
T1 T2

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Which of the following property is used as thermometric property in constant – volume gas
thermometer?
1. Volume
2. Pressure
3. Electric Resistance
4. Voltage
Option 2 : Pressure

Explanation:
In order to obtain a quantitative measure of temperature, a reference body is used, and a certain physical
characteristic of this body which changes with temperature is selected.
The changes in the selected characteristics may be taken as an indication of the change in temperature.
The selected characteristic is called the thermometric property, and the reference body which is used in the
determination of temperature is called a thermometer.
A constant-volume gas thermometer uses the thermometric property pressure for the measurement

of temperature.
The volume of gas is set constant by raising or lowering a mercury reservoir while temperature changes.
The pressure is indicated by the level difference in mercury in the tube.
Various types of thermometers and their thermometric property are mentioned in the table below.
Sr. No Thermometer Thermometric property Symbol
1. Constant volume gas thermometer Pressure P
2. Constant pressure gas thermometer Volume V
3. Electrical resistance thermometer Resistance R
4. Thermocouple Thermal e.m.f. ϵ
5. Mercury in a gas thermometer Length L

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The difference between two specific heats, C p . This relation is valid for
R
− Cv =
J
1. Any gas
2. Perfect gases
3. Real gases
4. Pure gases
Option 2 : Perfect gases

Concept:
A perfect gas is also an Ideal gas, which follows the Ideal gas equation of states i.e. PV = mRT all temperature.
where, P = pressure of gas, V = volume occupied, m = mass of a gas, R = universal gas constant.
The universal gas constant (R) is the difference between specific heat constants for constant pressure (Cp) and
constant volume (Cv)
i.e.R = Cp - Cv
A real gas behaves as an Ideal gas at low pressure and very high temperature. Air is a perfect gas.
Gases that obey the gas laws (Charles law, Boyles law, and Universal Gas Law) are called ideal gases.
Boyle’s, Charles’, and Gay Lussac's Laws describe the basic behavior of fluids with respect to volume, pressure, and
temperature.

Gay
Lussac’s P ∝ T
Law
P
= Const
T
For a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature, the volume is inversely

Boyle's 1
P ∝
Law V


Charles' proportional to the Kelvin temperature.
Law
V
V ∝ T or, = Const
T
The Combined gas law or General Gas Equation is obtained by combining Boyle's Law, Charles's law, and Gay-
Lussac's Law. It shows the relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature for a fixed mass (quantity) of
gas:
P1 V1 P2 V2
=
T1 T2
is valid for a perfect gas only.

R
CP − CV =
J

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The ratio of specific heat at constant pressure to the specific heat at constant volume for a triatomic
gas, is
1. 1.3
2. 1.6
3. 1.4
4. 1.8
Option 1 : 1.3

Explanation:
The ratio of specific heat at constant pressure to the specific heat at constant volume is denoted by γ.
cp
γ =
cv
γ is also written as

2
γ = 1 +
f
Where f is the degree of freedom.
Monoatomi
Diatomic Triatomic
c
There is There is two There is
one atom atom three atom
Example: Example:
Example:
Helium, oxygen
O3 ,CO2
Argon O2 ,Nitrogen N2
Degree of Degree of
Degree of
freedom f = freedom f =
freedom f = 5
3 6
γ = 1 +
2 2
γ = 1 + 2
f γ = 1 +
f
f
γ = 1 +
2
2 γ = 1 +
3 γ = 1 +
5
2
γ = 5/3 =
γ = 7/5 = 1.4
1.67 γ = 4/3 =
1.33

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The specific heat of a gas remains constant at all temperatures and pressures is discussed in:
1. Boyle's Law
2. Charles' Law
3. Regnault's Law
4. Joule's Law
Option 3 : Regnault's Law

Explanation:
An ideal gas obeys the following laws:
Boyle’s law: This law states that the volume of a given mass of gas varies inversely with its absolute pressure
when the temperature remains constant. Mathematically: PV = constant
Charles’s law: This law states that the volume of a given mass of gas varies directly with its absolute
temperature when the pressure remains constant. Mathematically: V/T = constant
Joule’s law: This law states that the internal energy of a given quantity of a gas depends only on the
temperature. It is independent of pressure and volume. Mathematically: ΔU = CvΔT
Regnault’s law: This law states, the two specific heats, viz Cp and Cv, of a gas do not change with the change
of temperature and pressure. In other words, Cp and Cv of gas always remain constant. The above law is only
an approximate one because the specific heats of gas vary with temperature even though it has very little effect
on pressure.
Avogadro’s law: This law states, equal volumes of different perfect gases at the same temperature and pressure
contain an equal number of molecules.

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Kinetic energy of the molecules in terms of absolute temperature (T) is proportional to
1. T
2. 1/T
3. T2
4. √T
Option 1 : T

The root-mean-square speed of the molecule:
3R̄T
v rms = √
M
R
¯
is the universal gas constant. R has the same value for all gases: 8.3145 kJ/kmol K
1 2 1 3R̄T 3 R̄
K. E = mv = m. = T
2 rms 2 M 2 NA
The constant k is called the Boltzmann constant and is equal to the ratio of the gas constant R and the Avogadro
constant NA
3
K. E = kT
2

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First Law of Thermodynamics MCQ

Thermodynamics System and Processes MCQ

Thermodynamic Relations MCQ

Variable Specific Heats MCQ

Availability and Irreversibility MCQ

Free PDF Ideal and Real Gases MCQ

Properties of Pure Substances MCQ

Zeroth law of thermodynamics is not valid for the following:

1. 50 ml of water at 25°C is mixed with 150 ml of water at 25°C

2. 500 ml milk at 15°C is mixed with 100 ml of water at 15°C

3. 5 kg of wet steam at 100°C is mixed with 50 kg of dry and saturated steam.

4. 10 ml of water at 20°C is mixed with 10 ml of sulphuric acid at 20°C

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : 10 ml of water at 20°C is mixed with 10 ml of sulphuric acid at 20°C

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Properties of Gases MCQ Question 1 Detailed Solution

Properties of Gases MCQ Question 2

According to kinetic theory of gases, the absolute temperature is attained when

1. Volume of the gas is zero

2. Pressure of the gas is zero

3. Kinetic energy of the molecules is zero

4. Specific heat of the gas is zero

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Kinetic energy of the molecules is zero

Properties of Gases MCQ Question 2 Detailed Solution

The pressure exerted by an ideal gas is given by:

where C is the root mean square speed of molecules of the gas.

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Properties of Gases MCQ Question 3

Generalized compressibility chart is drawn between:

1. Compressibility factor(Z) on x-axis and reduced pressure(Pr) on y-axis

2. Compressibility factor(Z) on y-axis and reduced temperature (Tr) on x-axis

3. Reduced pressure(Pr) on y-axis and reduced temperature (Tr) on x-axis

4. Compressibility factor(Z) on y-axis and reduced pressure(Pr) on x-axis

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Compressibility factor(Z) on y-axis and reduced pressure(Pr) on x-axis

Properties of Gases MCQ Question 3 Detailed Solution

Z = (Actual volume) / (volume predicted by the ideal gas law)

For an ideal gas, Z = 1 at all temperatures and pressures.

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Properties of Gases MCQ Question 4

1. Greater the value of n, greater the work obtained

2. Smaller the value of n, smaller the work obtained

3. For n = 0, the work obtained is the greatest

4. For n = 1.4, the work obtained is the greatest

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : For n = 0, the work obtained is the greatest

Properties of Gases MCQ Question 4 Detailed Solution

Work obtained in the P – V diagram is the area under the curve.

So, W is maximum, when n = 0 i.e. constant pressure process

W is always zero for n = ∞ i.e. constant volume process

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