List of current heads

of state and
government

This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in
presidential systems, there is only one leader being both head of state and head of government.
In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the
head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the
head of government role (i.e. executive branch) is fulfilled by both the listed head of government
and the head of state. In single-party systems, ruling party's leader (i.e. General Secretary) is
usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds presidency
or premiership.

The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who
will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers-designate, and
those leading a government in exile if internationally recognised.

Member and observer states of the United Nations

Colour key
   Green cells indicate leaders whose offices constitutionally administer the executive of their
respective state/government.
   Blue cells indicate non–ceremonial heads of state with limited power (e.g. Bhutan) or de facto
government leaders whose offices lack de jure constitutional power (e.g. Myanmar).

Note: Names in small font generally denote acting, transitional, temporary leaders, or
representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at § Notes.
 State Head of state Head of government
Leader – Hibatullah
 Afghanistan Acting Prime Minister – Hasan Akhund
Akhundzada
 Albania President – Ilir Meta Prime Minister – Edi Rama
President – Abdelmadjid Prime Minister – Aymen
 Algeria
Tebboune Benabderrahmane
Episcopal Co-Prince – Joan
Enric Vives i Sicília
Co-Prince's Representative – Josep
Maria Mauri Prime Minister – Xavier Espot
 Andorra
French Co-Prince – Emmanuel Zamora
Macron[α]
Co-Prince's Representative – Patrick
Strzoda

 Angola President – João Lourenço

Queen – Elizabeth II[β]
 Antigua and Barbuda Governor-General – Sir Rodney Prime Minister – Gaston Browne
Williams

 Argentina President – Alberto Fernández

President – Vahagn
 Armenia Prime Minister – Nikol Pashinyan
Khachaturyan
Queen – Elizabeth II[β]
 Australia Prime Minister – Scott Morrison
Governor-General – David Hurley

President – Alexander Van der

 Austria Chancellor – Karl Nehammer
Bellen
 Azerbaijan President – Ilham Aliyev Prime Minister – Ali Asadov
Queen – Elizabeth II[β]
 Bahamas, The Governor-General – Sir Cornelius A. Prime Minister – Philip Davis
Smith

King – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Prime Minister – Prince Salman

 Bahrain
Khalifa bin Hamad Al Khalifa
 Bangladesh President – Abdul Hamid Prime Minister – Sheikh Hasina
President – Dame Sandra
 Barbados Prime Minister – Mia Mottley
Mason
President – Alexander Prime Minister – Roman
 Belarus
Lukashenko Golovchenko
Prime Minister – Alexander De
 Belgium King – Philippe
Croo
 Belize Queen – Elizabeth II[β] Prime Minister – John Briceño
Governor-General – Dame Froyla
 Tzalam

 Benin President – Patrice Talon

King – Jigme Khesar Namgyel
 Bhutan Prime Minister – Lotay Tshering
Wangchuck
 Bolivia President – Luis Arce
High Representative – Christian Schmidt
Presidency[γ]
 Bosnia and
Šefik Džaferović (as Chairman)
Herzegovina Prime Minister – Zoran Tegeltija
Milorad Dodik (as Member)
Željko Komšić (as Member)

 Botswana President – Mokgweetsi Masisi

 Brazil President – Jair Bolsonaro
 Brunei Sultan and Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah
 Bulgaria President – Rumen Radev Prime Minister – Kiril Petkov
President of the Patriotic Movement
for Safeguard and Restoration – Paul-
Transitional President – Paul-Henri
 Burkina Faso Henri Sandaogo Damiba
Sandaogo Damiba
Prime Minister – Albert
Ouédraogo
President – Évariste Prime Minister – Alain-Guillaume
 Burundi
Ndayishimiye[δ] Bunyoni
 Cambodia King – Norodom Sihamoni Prime Minister – Hun Sen
 Cameroon President – Paul Biya[δ] Prime Minister – Joseph Ngute
Queen – Elizabeth II[β]
 Canada Prime Minister – Justin Trudeau
Governor General – Mary Simon

Prime Minister – Ulisses Correia

 Cape Verde President – José Maria Neves
e Silva
 Central African President – Faustin-Archange
Prime Minister – Félix Moloua
Republic Touadéra[δ]
Chairman of the Transitional Military
Interim President – Mahamat Council – Mahamat Déby
 Chad
Déby[δ] Acting Prime Minister – Albert Pahimi
Padacké

 Chile President – Gabriel Boric

General Secretary of the Communist Party – Xi Jinping
 China
President – Xi Jinping Premier – Li Keqiang
 Colombia President – Iván Duque
  Comoros President – Azali Assoumani
 Congo, Democratic Prime Minister – Jean-Michel
President – Félix Tshisekedi
Republic of the Sama Lukonde
President – Denis Sassou Prime Minister – Anatole Collinet
 Congo, Republic of the
Nguesso Makosso
 Costa Rica President – Carlos Alvarado Quesada
Prime Minister – Andrej
 Croatia President – Zoran Milanović
Plenković
First Secretary of the Communist Party – Miguel Díaz-Canel
 Cuba Prime Minister – Manuel Marrero
President – Miguel Díaz-Canel
Cruz
 Cyprus President – Nicos Anastasiades
 Czech Republic President – Miloš Zeman Prime Minister – Petr Fiala
Prime Minister – Mette
 Denmark Queen – Margrethe II
Frederiksen
President – Ismaïl Omar Prime Minister – Abdoulkader
 Djibouti
Guelleh[δ] Kamil Mohamed
Prime Minister – Roosevelt
 Dominica President – Charles Savarin
Skerrit
 Dominican Republic President – Luis Abinader
Prime Minister – Taur Matan
 East Timor President – Francisco Guterres
Ruak
 Ecuador President – Guillermo Lasso
Prime Minister – Mostafa
 Egypt President – Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Madbouly
 El Salvador President – Nayib Bukele
President – Teodoro Obiang Prime Minister – Francisco
 Equatorial Guinea
Nguema Mbasogo[δ] Pascual Obama Asue
Chairman of the People's Front for Democracy and Justice –
 Eritrea Isaias Afwerki
President – Isaias Afwerki
 Estonia President – Alar Karis Prime Minister – Kaja Kallas
Prime Minister – Cleopas
 Eswatini King – Mswati III
Dlamini
 Ethiopia President – Sahle-Work Zewde Prime Minister – Abiy Ahmed
President – Ratu Wiliame Prime Minister – Frank
 Fiji
Katonivere Bainimarama
 Finland President – Sauli Niinistö Prime Minister – Sanna Marin
 France President – Emmanuel Prime Minister – Jean Castex
Macron[α]
President – Ali Bongo Prime Minister – Rose Christiane
 Gabon
Ondimba[δ] Raponda
 Gambia, The President – Adama Barrow
President – Salome Prime Minister – Irakli
 Georgia
Zourabichvili Garibashvili
President – Frank-Walter
 Germany Chancellor – Olaf Scholz
Steinmeier
 Ghana President – Nana Akufo-Addo
President – Katerina Prime Minister – Kyriakos
 Greece
Sakellaropoulou Mitsotakis
Queen – Elizabeth II[β]
 Grenada Governor-General – Dame Cécile La Prime Minister – Keith Mitchell
Grenade

 Guatemala President – Alejandro Giammattei

Chairman of the National Committee of
Reconciliation and Development –
Interim President – Mamady
 Guinea Mamady Doumbouya
Doumbouya[δ]
Acting Prime Minister – Mohamed
Béavogui

President – Umaro Sissoco Prime Minister – Nuno Gomes

 Guinea-Bissau
Embaló Nabiam
 Guyana President – Irfaan Ali[δ] Prime Minister – Mark Phillips
 Haiti Interim President – Ariel Henry Prime Minister – Ariel Henry
 Honduras President – Xiomara Castro
President – János Áder
 Hungary Prime Minister – Viktor Orbán
President-elect – Katalin Novák
President – Guðni Th. Prime Minister – Katrín
 Iceland
Jóhannesson Jakobsdóttir
 India President – Ram Nath Kovind Prime Minister – Narendra Modi
 Indonesia President – Joko Widodo
Supreme Leader – Ali
 Iran President – Ebrahim Raisi
Khamenei[ε]
Prime Minister – Mustafa Al-
 Iraq President – Barham Salih
Kadhimi
 Ireland President – Michael D. Higgins Taoiseach – Micheál Martin
 Israel President – Isaac Herzog Prime Minister – Naftali Bennett
 Italy President – Sergio Mattarella Prime Minister – Mario Draghi
 President – Alassane
 Ivory Coast Prime Minister – Patrick Achi
Ouattara[δ]
Queen – Elizabeth II[β] Prime Minister – Andrew
 Jamaica
Governor-General – Sir Patrick Allen Holness
 Japan Emperor – Naruhito[ζ] Prime Minister – Fumio Kishida
Prime Minister – Bisher Al-
 Jordan King – Abdullah II
Khasawneh
President – Qasym-Zhomart
 Kazakhstan Prime Minister – Alihan Smaiylov
Toqaev[δ]
 Kenya President – Uhuru Kenyatta
 Kiribati President – Taneti Maamau
Emir – Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Prime Minister – Sheikh Sabah
 Kuwait
Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah
Chairman of the Cabinet of
 Kyrgyzstan President – Sadyr Dzaparov[δ]
Ministers – Akylbek Dzaparov
General Secretary of the People's Revolutionary Party –
Thongloun Sisoulith
 Laos
President – Thongloun Prime Minister – Phankham
Sisoulith Viphavanh
 Latvia President – Egils Levits Prime Minister – Krišjānis Kariņš
 Lebanon President – Michel Aoun Prime Minister – Najib Mikati
Prime Minister – Moeketsi
 Lesotho King – Letsie III
Majoro
 Liberia President – George Weah
Presidential Council[η]
Mohamed al-Menfi (as Chairman) Prime Minister – Abdul Hamid
 Libya
Abdullah al-Lafi (as Member)
Dbeibeh
Musa al-Koni (as Member)

Prince Regnant – Hans-Adam II

 Liechtenstein Prime Minister – Daniel Risch
Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois

Prime Minister – Ingrida

 Lithuania President – Gitanas Nausėda
Šimonytė
 Luxembourg Grand Duke – Henri Prime Minister – Xavier Bettel
 Madagascar President – Andry Rajoelina Prime Minister – Christian Ntsay
 Malawi President – Lazarus Chakwera
Yang di-Pertuan Agong – Prime Minister – Ismail Sabri
 Malaysia
Abdullah Sultan Ahmad Shah Yaakob
 Maldives President – Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
  Mali Interim President – Assimi Goïta Acting Prime Minister – Choguel
Kokalla Maïga

 Malta President – George Vella Prime Minister – Robert Abela

 Marshall Islands President – David Kabua
President – Mohamed Ould Prime Minister – Mohamed Ould
 Mauritania
Ghazouani Bilal
President – Prithvirajsing Prime Minister – Pravind
 Mauritius
Roopun Jugnauth
 Mexico President – Andrés Manuel López Obrador
 Federated States of
President – David W. Panuelo
Micronesia
 Moldova President – Maia Sandu Prime Minister – Natalia Gavrilița
 Monaco Sovereign Prince – Albert II Minister of State – Pierre Dartout
President – Ukhnaagiin Prime Minister –
 Mongolia
Khürelsükh Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
Prime Minister – Zdravko
Krivokapić
 Montenegro President – Milo Đukanović
Prime minister-designate – Dritan
Abazovic
Prime Minister – Aziz
 Morocco King – Mohammed VI
Akhannouch
Prime Minister – Adriano
 Mozambique President – Filipe Nyusi[δ]
Maleiane
Chairman of the State Administration
 Myanmar Acting President – Myint Swe[1] Council – Min Aung Hlaing[2]

Prime Minister – Min Aung Hlaing[2]

Prime Minister – Saara

 Namibia President – Hage Geingob[δ]
Kuugongelwa
 Nauru President – Lionel Aingimea
President – Bidhya Devi Prime Minister – Sher Bahadur
   Nepal
Bhandari Deuba
 Netherlands King – Willem-Alexander Prime Minister – Mark Rutte
Queen – Elizabeth II[β]
 New Zealand Governor-General – Dame Cindy Prime Minister – Jacinda Ardern
Kiro[θ]

 Nicaragua President – Daniel Ortega

Prime Minister – Ouhoumoudou
 Niger President – Mohamed Bazoum
Mahamadou
 Nigeria President – Muhammadu Buhari
  North Korea General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea – Kim Jong-un
Supreme Leader – Kim Jong-
un[ι]
Chairman of the Standing Premier – Kim Tok-hun
Committee of the Supreme People's
Assembly – Choe Ryong-hae[κ]

Prime Minister – Dimitar

 North Macedonia President – Stevo Pendarovski
Kovačevski
Prime Minister – Jonas Gahr
 Norway King – Harald V
Støre
 Oman Sultan and Prime Minister – Haitham bin Tarik
 Pakistan President – Arif Alvi Prime Minister – Imran Khan
   Palau President – Surangel Whipps Jr.
Prime Minister – Mohammad
   Palestine President – Mahmoud Abbas
Shtayyeh
   Panama President – Laurentino Cortizo
Queen – Elizabeth II[β]
   Papua New Guinea Prime Minister – James Marape
Governor-General – Sir Bob Dadae

   Paraguay President – Mario Abdo Benítez

   Peru President – Pedro Castillo[δ] Prime Minister – Aníbal Torres

   Philippines President – Rodrigo Duterte

Prime Minister – Mateusz
   Poland President – Andrzej Duda
Morawiecki
President – Marcelo Rebelo de
   Portugal Prime Minister – António Costa
Sousa
Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalid
Emir – Sheikh Tamim bin
   Qatar bin Khalifa bin Abdul Aziz Al
Hamad Al Thani
Thani
   Romania President – Klaus Iohannis Prime Minister – Nicolae Ciucă
Prime Minister – Mikhail
   Russia President – Vladimir Putin
Mishustin
Prime Minister – Édouard
   Rwanda President – Paul Kagame[δ]
Ngirente
Queen – Elizabeth II[β]
   Saint Kitts and Nevis Governor-General – Sir Tapley Prime Minister – Timothy Harris
Seaton

Queen – Elizabeth II[β]

   Saint Lucia Acting Governor-General – Errol Prime Minister – Philip J. Pierre
Charles
   Saint Vincent and the Queen – Elizabeth II[β] Prime Minister – Ralph
Grenadines Governor-General – Dame Susan Gonsalves
Dougan

O le Ao o le Malo – Afioga
Prime Minister – Fiamē Naomi
   Samoa Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa
Mataʻafa
Sualauvi II
Captain Regent[λ] – Francesco
Mussoni
Captain Regent-elect – Oscar
Mina Secretary for Foreign and
   San Marino
[λ]
Captain Regent  – Giacomo Political Affairs[3] – Luca Beccari
Simoncini
Captain Regent-elect – Paolo
Rondelli
Prime Minister – Jorge Bom
   São Tomé and Príncipe President – Carlos Vila Nova
Jesus
   Saudi Arabia King and Prime Minister  – Salman
   Senegal President – Macky Sall
   Serbia President – Aleksandar Vučić Prime Minister – Ana Brnabić
   Seychelles President – Wavel Ramkalawan
Chief Minister – Jacob Jusu
   Sierra Leone President – Julius Maada Bio[δ]
Saffa
Prime Minister – Lee Hsien
   Singapore President – Halimah Yacob
Loong
   Slovakia President – Zuzana Čaputová Prime Minister – Eduard Heger
   Slovenia President – Borut Pahor Prime Minister – Janez Janša
Queen – Elizabeth II[β] Prime Minister – Manasseh
   Solomon Islands
Governor-General – Sir David Vunagi Sogavare

President – Mohamed Prime Minister – Mohamed

   Somalia
Abdullahi Mohamed Hussein Roble
   South Africa President – Cyril Ramaphosa
President – Moon Jae-in [δ]
   South Korea Prime Minister – Kim Boo-kyum
President-elect – Yoon Suk-yeol

   South Sudan President – Salva Kiir Mayardit

   Spain King – Felipe VI Prime Minister – Pedro Sánchez
President – Gotabaya Prime Minister – Mahinda
   Sri Lanka
Rajapaksa Rajapaksa
   Sudan Chairman of the Transitional Acting Prime Minister – Osman
Sovereignty Council – Abdel Hussein
 Fattah al-Burhan
   Suriname President – Chan Santokhi
Prime Minister – Magdalena
   Sweden King – Carl XVI Gustaf
Andersson
Federal Council[μ]
Members:
Ignazio Cassis (President) • Alain Berset (Vice President) • Ueli Maurer •
    Switzerland
Simonetta Sommaruga • Guy Parmelin • Karin Keller-Sutter •

Viola Amherd

   Syria President – Bashar al-Assad Prime Minister – Hussein Arnous

President – Emomali Prime Minister – Kokhir
   Tajikistan
Rahmon[δ] Rasulzoda
President – Samia Suluhu Prime Minister – Kassim
   Tanzania
Hassan[δ] Majaliwa
Prime Minister – Prayut Chan-o-
   Thailand King – Maha Vajiralongkorn
cha
President – Faure Prime Minister – Victoire
   Togo
Gnassingbé[δ] Tomegah Dogbé

   Tonga King – Tupou VI Prime Minister – Siaosi Sovaleni

   Trinidad and Tobago President – Paula-Mae Weekes Prime Minister – Keith Rowley
   Tunisia President – Kaïs Saïed Prime Minister – Najla Bouden
   Turkey President – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
   Turkmenistan President – Serdar Berdimuhamedow
Queen – Elizabeth II[β]
   Tuvalu Governor-General – Tofiga Vaevalu Prime Minister – Kausea Natano
Falani

Prime Minister – Robinah

   Uganda President – Yoweri Museveni[δ]
Nabbanja
President – Volodymyr
   Ukraine Prime Minister – Denys Shmyhal
Zelensky
Prime Minister – Sheikh
President – Sheikh Khalifa bin
   United Arab Emirates Mohammed bin Rashid Al
Zayed Al Nahyan
Maktoum
   United Kingdom Queen – Elizabeth II[β] Prime Minister – Boris Johnson

   United States President – Joe Biden

   Uruguay President – Luis Lacalle Pou
President – Shavkat
   Uzbekistan Prime Minister – Abdulla Aripov
Mirziyoyev[δ]
   Vanuatu President – Tallis Obed Moses Prime Minister – Bob Loughman
President of the Governorate –
    Vatican City Sovereign – Pope Francis Archbishop Fernando Vérgez
Alzaga
   Venezuela President – Nicolás Maduro
General Secretary of the Communist Party – Nguyễn Phú Trọng
   Vietnam Prime Minister – Phạm Minh
President – Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
Chính
President – Abdrabbuh Mansur Prime Minister – Maeen
   Yemen
Hadi Abdulmalik Saeed
   Zambia President – Hakainde Hichilema
   Zimbabwe President – Emmerson Mnangagwa

Other states

The following states are in free association with another UN member state.

Associated
State Head of state Head of government
with

   Cook  New Queen – Elizabeth II[ν] Prime Minister – Mark

Islands Zealand Queen's Representative – Tom Marsters Brown

Queen – Elizabeth II[ν]

New
   Niue Queen's Representative – Dame Cindy Premier – Dalton Tagelagi
Zealand [θ]
Kiro

The following states control their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.
 State Also claimed by Head of state Head of government
President – Aslan Prime Minister – Aleksander
   Abkhazia  Georgia
Bzhania Ankvab
   Republic of  People's President – Tsai
Premier – Su Tseng-chang
China (Taiwan) Republic of China Ing-wen
   Donetsk  Ukraine
Head – Denis Prime Minister – Vladimir
People's Republic   Pushilin Pashkov
President – Vjosa
   Kosovo    Serbia Prime Minister – Albin Kurti
Osmani
   Luhansk Ukraine
Head – Leonid
Prime Minister – Sergey Kozlov
People's Republic   Pasechnik
President – Ersin
   Northern Cyprus  Cyprus Prime Minister – Faiz Sucuoğlu
Tatar
General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Brahim
Ghali
   Sahrawi  Morocco
Republic President – Prime Minister – Bouchraya
Brahim Ghali Hammoudi Bayoun
President – Prime Minister – Gennady
   South Ossetia Georgia
Anatoly Bibilov Bekoyev

The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.

Also claimed
State Head of state Head of government
by

   Artsakh President – Arayik Harutyunyan

 Azerbaijan
     Somalia President – Muse Bihi Abdi
 Somaliland
  President – Vadim Prime Minister – Aleksandr
 Moldova
 Transnistria Krasnoselsky Martynov

Other governments

These alternative governments are recognised as legitimate by at least one UN member or are in
control of their countries.
 Government State Head of state Head of government
   Coordination President – Sviatlana Head of National Anti-Crisis
Council  Belarus Tsikhanouskaya Management – Pavel Latushko
   National   President of the National Assembly – Juan Guaidó
Assembly (2015)  Venezuela
   Supreme   President – Mahdi al- Prime Minister – Abdel-Aziz bin
Political Council  Yemen Mashat Habtour
   Syrian Interim  Syria
President – Salem al- Prime Minister – Abdurrahman
Government   Meslet Mustafa

Sui generis entities

Entity Head of entity Head of government

President of the European
President of the European
   European Union Commission – Ursula von der
Council – Charles Michel
Leyen 
  Sovereign Military Lieutenant (interim Grand Master) – Grand Chancellor – Albrecht
Order of Malta Marco Luzzago Freiherr von Boeselager

See also

Portals:   Politics   lists

President of the Republic

List of countries by system of government

List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office

List of current monarchs of sovereign states

List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents

List of current foreign ministers

List of current presidents of legislatures

List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government

List of leaders of dependent territories

List of oldest living state leaders

List of national governments

Lists of state leaders

Lists of state leaders by year

List of state leaders in the 21st century

List of state leaders in 2022

Notes

α. The President of France and the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person.

β. Elizabeth II is separately and equally monarch of 15 sovereign states known collectively as the
Commonwealth realms. In each of these states (with the exception of the United Kingdom, where she
permanently resides), she is represented at the national level by a governor-general.

γ. The three-member Bosnian presidency is the head of state collectively.

δ. In this state, the president is both head of state and head of government; the office of prime minister may
exist in these states, but it does not direct executive power—nor does the Kyrgyzstani Chairman of the
Cabinet of Ministers, or the Sierra Leonean Chief Minister.

ε. According to articles 89 to 91 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme Leader of
Iran is the head of state, and the President is the head of government. The President is required to gain
the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in before Parliament, and the Supreme Leader
also has the power to dismiss the elected President at any time.

ζ. The constitution of Japan does not define a formal head of state, but the Emperor by unwritten
constitutional convention fulfills the functions and duties of this role.

η. As part of a cease fire agreement, the three-member Libyan presidency is the head of state collectively.

θ. The Governor-General of New Zealand and the Queen's Representative of Niue are positions held by the
same person.

ι. The term "Supreme Leader" is used as a description (for the sake of brevity) rather than being an official
title of a single office. The four actual offices held by Kim are:
General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea

Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea

President of the State Affairs Commission of the DPRK—constitutionally defined as the head of state
of North Korea

Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the DPRK

κ. The Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly accepts the credentials of
foreign ambassadors and represents North Korea on all state visits—ceremonial functions usually
performed by heads of state in other states. The Chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly has held
these duties since 1998, when the constitution was revised.

λ. The Captain Regent representing the party with a plurality of seats in the legislature of San Marino, the
Grand and General Council, exercises more legislative power than the Captain Regent belonging to the
opposition.

μ. The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the
Council, the President serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

ν. Elizabeth II is head of state of the Cook Islands and Niue in her capacity as Queen in Right of New
Zealand. She is represented in each of these states by a Queen's Representative.

References

1. "Junta Watch: Old Faces Reappear, Coup Leader Declares Himself Buddhism's Savior and More" (https://i
rrawaddy.com/news/burma/junta-watch-old-faces-reappear-coup-leader-declares-himself-buddhisms-sa
vior-and-more.html) . The Irrawaddy. 5 February 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.

2. "Chairman of the State Administration Council Prime Minister Senior General Min Aung Hlaing receives
Ambassador of Thailand to Myanmar" (https://cincds.gov.mm/node/16885) . Commander-in-Chief of
Defence Services. 9 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.

3. "San Marino: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report" (https://freedomhouse.org/country/san-marin

o/freedom-world/2021) .

External links

CIDOB Foundation (http://cidob.org/es/documentacion/biografias_lideres_politicos/(filtro)/ac

tivos#.VGNX6BODPNw) (in Spanish)—contextualised biographies of world political leaders

EmilePhaneuf (https://web.archive.org/web/20151117183952/http://www.emilephaneuf.co
m/?p=164) —an archived, partial list of official websites for heads of state

Portale Storia (https://web.archive.org/web/20151117210954/http://www.portalestoria.net/ru

lers_countryby.htm) (in Italian)—a list of current rulers by country

Rulers (http://rulers.org/) —a list of rulers throughout time and places

United Nations (http://www.un.int/protocol/sites/www.un.int/files/Protocol_and_Liaison_Servi

ce/hspmfm.pdf) —a list of heads of state, heads of government, and foreign ministers
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title=List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_governm
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Last edited 11 hours ago by Jwkozak91