Francess Joy C.

Saavedra BSN3D August 15, 2022

What are the clinical manifestations of your client based on your

scenario? Formulate 3 priority Nursing Diagnosis based on your
identified problem.

a. Clinical Manifestations
- Chest Tightening
- Coughing
- Difficulty Breathing
- Wheezing

b. Nursing Diagnosis
 Ineffective airway clearance related to increased production of mucus and
bronchospasm.
 Impaired gas exchange related to altered delivery of inspired O2.
 Anxiety related to perceived threat of death.

Bronchial asthma
is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by bronchial
hyperreactivity and a variable degree of airway obstruction. It is a serious global
health problem. 5% to 10% of persons of all ages suffer from this chronic airway
disorder.

signs and symptoms of Bronchial asthma

 Shortness of breath.
 Wheezing.
 Cough.
 Chest tightness.
 Excess mucus production.
Causes/Risk Factors:
There are many triggers that may initiate the release of inflammatory substances.
Common triggers include:

 Tobacco smoke
 Pollution
 Allergens such as pollen, mold, dust, pet dander, or food (and food additives like
MSG)
 Chemicals
 Certain medications (aspirin, beta-blockers)
 Exercise
 Weather changes (for example, cold weather)
 Viral or bacterial infections
 Strong emotions (laughing or crying)

Diagnostic tool/Laboratories:
 Spirometry - A test that measures lung function as you breathe in and out of a
mouthpiece that is attached to a device called a spirometer.
 Peak expiratory flow - A test that measures the force of air you breathe out
(exhale) into the mouthpiece of a device called a peak expiratory flow meter.
 Chest X-ray - A radiology test that produces images of the chest to look for
evidence of other conditions that could be causing your cough and breathing
problems.

Treatment (Pharmacological, Non-pharmacological, Diet):

a. Pharmacological
Short-acting beta2 –adrenergic agonists. These are the medications of
choice for relief of acute symptoms and prevention of exercise-induced
asthma.
Anticholinergics. Anticholinergics inhibit muscarinic cholinergic receptors
and reduce intrinsic vagal tone of the airway.
 Corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are most effective in alleviating symptoms,
improving airway function, and decreasing peak flow variability.
Leukotriene modifiers. Anti Leukotrienes are potent bronchoconstrictors
that also dilate blood vessels and alter permeability.
Immunomodulators. Prevent binding of IgE to the high affinity receptors of
basophils and mast cells.

b. Non- Pharmacological
 avoidance of environmental exposures
 physical activity and educational interventions.
 avoidance of tobacco smoke exposure
.
c. Diet
 Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.
 Source of antioxidants such as beta carotene and vitamins C and E,
which may help reduce lung swelling and irritation

Nursing Management:
 The immediate care of patients with asthma depends on the severity of
the symptoms.
