MLSAP 2

GLUCOSE
MARI PATRICIA JOIS MONTES
What is Glucose?
The simple sugar that serves as the main source of

energy in the body. Glucose is the principal sugar

the body makes. The body makes glucose from

proteins, fats and, in largest part, carbohydrates.



The blood sugar concentration or blood

glucose level is the amount of glucose

(sugar) present in the blood of a human

or animal
Glucose is carried to each cell through

the bloodstream. Cells, however, cannot

use glucose without the help of insulin.

The mean normal blood glucose level in

humans is about 100 mg/dL

2D STRUCTURE

THE MOLECULAR FORMULA

FOR GLUCOSE IS C6H12O6 OR

H-(C=O)-(CHOH)5-H. ITS

EMPIRICAL OR SIMPLEST

FORMULA IS CH2O.

3D STRUCTURE
 Blood Sugar

Level &

Regulation
Blood sugar levels outside the normal range may be an indicator

of a medical condition. A persistently high level is referred to as

hyperglycemia; low levels are referred to as hypoglycemia.

There are two types of mutually antagonistic metabolic hormones

affecting blood glucose levels:

catabolic hormones (such as glucagon, cortisol and

catecholamines) which increase blood glucose

anabolic hormone (insulin), which decreases blood glucose.
Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas is

no longer able to make insulin, or when the body cannot make

good use of the insulin it produces.

Presentations are communication tools for reports.

After digestion, glucose goes through the bloodstream, where it

What is

is used by cells for growth and energy. For glucose to get into

cells, insulin must be provided.

Presentations are communication tools for reports.
Diabetes?

Not being able to produce insulin or use it effectively leads to

raised
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communication in for
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blood (known as hyperglycaemia).

Over the long-term high glucose levels are associated with

damage to the body and failure of various organs and tissues.

 TYPES OF DIABETES

TYPE I DIABETES TYPE II DIABETES GESTATIONAL

DIABETES (GDM)
1. FASTING BLOOD

SUGAR TEST (FBS)

CLINICAL

2. ORAL GLUCOSE
CHEMISTRY

TOLERANCE TEST
TESTS IN

(OGTT)
RELATION TO

3. GLYCOSYLATED
GLUCOSE
HEMOGLOBIN (HBA1C)
FASTING BLOOD

SUGAR TEST
Measures blood glucose after you

have not eaten for at least 8 hours. It

is often the first test done to check for

prediabetes and diabetes

A fasting blood sugar level less than

100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) is normal.

 ORAL GLUCOSE

TOLERANCE TEST (OGTT)

Glucose Tolerance Test is a test

designed to assess the body response

to glucose. In OGTT, the patient is

given a glucose solution and blood

samples are drawn afterward at

intervals to measure how well the body

cells are able to absorb glucose. .

 HBA1C TEST
The sugar in your blood is called

glucose. When glucose builds up in

your blood, it binds to the

hemoglobin in your red blood cells.

The A1c test measures how much

glucose is bound.

An A1C below 5.7% is normal,

between 5.7 and 6.4% indicates you

have prediabetes, and 6.5% or

higher indicates you have diabetes.