4.
Damage control system
DAMAGE CONTROL SYSTEM
Damage Control – Procedure that helps reduce
the harmful effects of impairment to the ship.
➢ Preserve the watertight integrity of the ship.
➢ Make rapid repairs to damage gear on
structures.
➢ Maintain the stability and maneuverability of
the ship
THE DIFFERENT DAMAGE CONTROL
SYSTEM
➢ Drainage and flooding system.
➢ Fire Main and Sprinkling system.
➢ Fuel and fresh water system.
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➢ Drainage and Flooding
Drainage used for:
a. Removing large quantity of water from
compartment
b. Removing water from the hull under
normal operating condition.
Flooding used for:
a. Flooding compartments to balance the
ship.
THREE PRINCIPAL TYPES OF DRAINAGE
SYSTEM:
1. Main drainage system – High capacity and
is made up of piping and pumps that can
move large quantities of water in short time.
2. Secondary drainage system – Serves to
drain small compartment forward and aft of
the time drainage system.
3. Main condenser circulatory pumps – Can
be used for emergency drainage of the
engine room.
➢ Fire Main System – made up of piping,
pumps, plugs, valves and controls designed
to supply plenty of water for fighting.
➢ Fuel Fresh Water System – Consists of
tanks, filling lines and feed lines. This is
important in damage control because the list
and trim of the ship can be partially
controlled by shifting contents of the tanks.
WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY
The progress of damage control depends
upon the proper utilization of watertight integrity
features of the ships. The ships is divided into
compartments and its purpose are:
1. Control flooding
2. Segregate activities of personnel
3. Provide underwater protection by means of
tanks and voids.
The large combatant ships have an
armored belt to protect vital machine spaces. In
some instances where an increase in an
armored belt would reduce speed or have an
adverse effect in the open of the ship as in
aircraft carrier. Compartmentation has been
increased to compensate for reduction of armor.
1. Bulkhead
– a traverse or longitudinal partition that
separate the compartment.
▪ Watertight bulkhead:
a. Heavier metal than ordinary
bulkhead.
b. Some area unpierced except with
watertight door or piping and wiring.
▪ Collision Bulkhead:
a. Designed to protect flooding through
the ship.
b. Bow collision bulkhead is the first
transverse bulkhead aft of the stern.
c. The last transverse bulkhead aft is the
collision bulkhead that protects the
after part of the ship.
▪ Doors and Hatches:
Enclosures for bulkhead opening. They
are constructed such they will be as
structurally strong as the bulkhead where
they are installed.
1. Watertight doors
a. Used in watertight bulkhead on
second deck and below.
b. Designed to resist 1 ½ times as much
pressure as the bulkhead it services.
c. Has 6 to 12 dogs for securing.
2. Non-watertight Doors
a. Used on non-watertight bulkheads
b. Usually they have fewer dogs than
watertight doors and are made of
dogs which require individual
protection.
 3. Hatches – are merely horizontal doors
which are used for access through decks.
▪ Closure Fitting and Gaskets:
1. Gasket
a. Made of rubber installed on doors and
hatches.
b. Close against knife edges to form a water
tight fitting and form air and gas tight
fitting.
c. Must be kept free of dirt and grease.
2. Knife edges
a. Built out from decks and bulkheads.
b. Gasket on watertight doors and hatches
close on knife edges.
3. Dogs and Pins
a. Pins – are used to connect dogs to the
deck or bulkheads.
b. Dogs – are used to make closure.
MATERIAL CONDITION OF READINESS
Material Condition of Readiness – refers to
the degree of access and systems of closure to
limit the extent of damage.
Condition X-Ray – Set when enemy is
improbable.
a. Provide less protection aboardship.
b. Set when no any danger attack from
enemy.
c. X-Ray fittings close when not in use.
d. Set and maintained by division
responsible for the operation of the
ship.
Condition Yoke – Set when enemy is probable.
a. Provide more protection than condition
X-ray.
b. Set and maintained.
(1) When the ship is anchored in
unprotected port during wartime.
(2) At sea during wartime.
(3) Leaving/entering port during
peacetime.
(4) At any other time during outside
regular working hours.
c. X-ray and Yoke are fittings to be closed
during condition Yoke.
d. Set and maintain by division responsible
for cleaning and maintaining the space in
which such classification fitting are
located.
Condition Zebra – Set when enemy is eminent.
a. Provide the maximum degree of
watertight integrity.
b. Set and maintain.
(1) Before going to or entering port during
wartime.
(2) Without further order when manning
GQ station.
MODIFIED MARKINGS CLOSURES,
VALVE AND FITTINGS
➢ Circle X-Ray – black X in a black circle.
Secured during condition X-Ray, Yoke and
Zebra.
➢ Circle Yoke – Black Y in a black circle.
Secured during condition Yoke and Zebra.
a. Circle X and Circle Yoke maybe open
without special authority when:
(1) Going to a securing from GQ station.
(2) Transferring of ammo.
b. Applies to special fittings that gives
access to:
(1) Battle station
(2) Access in transferring ammo
(3) Operating vital system
➢ Circle Zebra – Red Z within red circle.
a. Secured during condition Zebra.
b. May be open during prolonged period of
GQ which is authorized by the CO only.
➢ Dog Zebra – Red Z within a black D.
a. Secured during condition Z and darken
ship condition.
b. Applies to weather deck access not
equipped with darken ship switch or light
traps.

➢ William – Black W
a. Special classification which is kept open
during all material condition.
b. Vital valve if secured would impair the
mobility and fire protection of the ship.
c. Applies to vital sea suction valve
supplying main and auxiliary
condenser in fire flushing valve.
➢ Circle William – Black W within a black
circle.
a. Open as William but secured and is used
for defense against NBC attack.
b. Applies to ventilation fittings.
FIREFIGHTING
Fires start when a flammable and/or a
combustible material (FUEL), in combination
with a sufficient quantity of
an oxidizer (OXYGEN), is exposed to a source
of HEAT or ambient temperature above
the flash point for the fuel/oxidizer mix, and is
able to sustain a rate of rapid oxidation that
produces a chain reaction. This is commonly
called the fire tetrahedron. Fire cannot exist
without all of these elements in place and in the
right proportions. For example, a flammable
liquid will start burning only if the fuel and
oxygen are in the right proportions.
Once ignited, a chain reaction must take place
whereby fires can sustain their own heat by the
further release of heat energy in the process of
combustion and may propagate, provided there
is a continuous supply of an oxidizer and fuel.
Classification of fire and remedy:
1. Class A - Involves common combustible
materials like papers, woods, ropes,
canvass etc. Best remedy is solid stream or
water spray.
2. Class B - Involving flammable liquids and
gases.
Examples:
Kerosene, LPG, Gasoline etc. Best remedy
is water fog, Foam forming fire extinguisher.
Last resort is steam.
3. Class C - Involved energized electrical
equipment. First choice is CO2. Last resort
is water fog. But is harmful to equipment and
dangerous to personnel.
4. Class D - Involves combustible metal such as
thermite, sodium and magnesium.
a. Thermite fire - has no known
extinguishing agent. Flooding the
surrounding may help
b. Magnesium fire - CO2 has no effect.
Water fog is effective.
c. Sodium Fire - Use dry chemical.
Everyone on aboardship have another
big job - to work aside from their primary duties.
This big job is to look out constantly for the
safety of the ship and crew. When the ship puts
out on a mission, all hands must do everything
they can to:
▪ Keep the ship afloat
▪ Keep the ship underway
▪ Keep the guns firing or ready to fire
▪ Protect the lives of the crew
Causes of damage to a ship is divided into:
▪ Fire
▪ Collision
▪ Enemy Action
▪ Grounding
▪ Weather
Fire - Is a chemical reaction between three
elements such as oxygen, fuel and heat.
FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT:
Firefighting equipment are classified into:
1. Portable - can be carried to the scene of
fire. Contained in a cylindrical bottle.
 2. Installed - are permanently or semi- 3. Static Electricity:
permanently fitted on a ship and include Static Electricity is produced when
the following: gasoline or similar flammable liquids flow
a. Fire Main System through hose, poured from one receptacle to
b. All-purpose fire nozzles and another passed thru a filter or even splashed
applicators. around a can. Enough static electricity can
c. Foam equipment accumulate to cause a spark which can result in
d. Fog sprays fire and explosion.
e. CO2 Rail system
f. Mechanical Foam Equipment 4. Electrical Equipment:
The following requirements are particularly not
SPECIAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: applicable where work with electricity is being
carried on.
The Navy believes in protecting its fire a. Gasoline and similar flammable cleaning
fighter. This protection includes the use of the fluids are not used on either energized or
following: de-energized electrical apparatus.
b. Alcohol is not used for cleaning
1. Oxygen Breathing apparatus (OBA) equipment. It damages most types of
2. Asbestos Suits insulating varnishes.
3. Hose (Air line) Mask d. Oil, grease, carbon dust, etc. can be
4. Life line ignited by electrical spark. Machinery is
to be kept absolutely clean and free of all
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION such deposit.

You cannot win against fire. You can

fight it, and you can hold down its damage. But
some property will be destroyed and all too often
men will be injured and even killed. Time is
always lost, productive work is interrupted and
additional efforts and materials are required to
make repairs and to clean up the mess. The
best thing therefore is to prevent fire from
starting.

1. Three (3) general rules to good fire

prevention:
a. Keep things clean. Shipshape and in
their right places.
b. Keep flammable materials (gasoline, oily
rags, paints, etc) away from fire starting
things (torches, cigarettes, sparking
equipment, heated areas). Do not take
open flames near gasoline tank. Do not
bring cleaning fluid near torch.
c. Keep the correct fire fighting equipment
in the right places and in good condition.

2. Fuel oil – Fuel oil itself is non-explosive and

very difficult to ignite, and is normally
incapable of spontaneous combustion. Fuel
oil vapor however is heavier than air and it
will accumulate in bulges and bottoms of
tanks where it remains undiscovered until
ignited by a naked light or spark.