UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO - PHINMA

COLLEGE OF ALLIED HEALTH AND SCIENCES

SY: 2021-2022
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (HES 006): LECTURE
SESSION 2
RATIONALE

1. Which of the following organelles are incorrectly paired with their location within the cell?
a. nucleolus - within the nucleus
b. cilia - on the cell surface
c. Golgi apparatus - on the cell surface
d. microtubules - within the cytoplasm
e. smooth endoplasmic reticulum - within the cytoplasm of the cell
Answer: C
RATIONALE: Golgi apparatus is located inside the cytoplasm, and not on the cell surface.

2. The nucleolus:
a. is located in the cytoplasm.
b. is the location for production of large and small ribosomal subunits.
c. has its own distinct membrane.
d. is important for the formation of Golgi apparatus.
e. has all of these characteristics
Answer: B
RATIONALE:The nucleoli are diffuse bodies with no surrounding membrane that are found
within the nucleus. There is usually one to several nucleoli within the nucleus. The subunits of
ribosomes are formed within a nucleolus.
Proteins produced in cytoplasm move through the nucleolus are joined to ribosomal ribonucleic
acid (rRNA) to form large and small ribosomal units.

3. A cell that was producing large amounts of lipoproteins (proteins combined with lipids) for
secretion from the cell would have large numbers of:
a. lysosomes.
b. Golgi apparatus.
c. centrioles.
d. membrane transporters.
e. all of these structures.
Answer: B
RATIONALE: Golgi apparatus collects, modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids
manufactured by the endoplasmic reticulum.

4. Which of these cells would most likely have the largest number of mitochondria?
a. bone cells
b. muscle cells
c. fat cells
d. blood cells
e. skin cells
Answer: B
RATIONALE: Mitochondria are the major sites of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production
within cells. They carry out aerobic respiration, a series of chemical reactions that require O2 to
break down food molecules to ATP. ATP is the main energy source for most chemical reactions
within the cells, and cells with a large energy requirement have more mitochondria than cells
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 UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO - PHINMA
COLLEGE OF ALLIED HEALTH AND SCIENCES
SY: 2021-2022
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (HES 006): LECTURE
SESSION 2
RATIONALE

5. Substances outside the cell membrane are called:

a. intracellular substances.
b. extracellular substances.
c. intercellular substances.
d. Both extracellular material and intercellular material are correct names.
e. All of these are correct names.
Answer: D
RATIONALE:Extracellular substances, also known as intercellular substances, are defined as
materials outside the cell membrane.

6. According to the fluid-mosaic model of the cell membrane:

a. protein molecules that perform important cellular functions float in a lipid bilayer.
b. there is a double protein layer in the plasma membrane.
c. there are fats floating in the protein layer.
d. carbohydrates function as membrane channels.
e. nonpolar ends of phospholipids are exposed to water inside and outside the cell
Answer: A
RATIONALE: Fluid-Mosaic Model presents the arrangement of molecules in the cell membrane.
The protein molecules float among the phospholipid molecules and perform important cellular
functions. The phospholipids form a double layer in the plasma membrane: polar heads which
are hydrophilic and nonpolar tails which are hydrophobic. The membrane proteins function as
membrane channels, carrier molecules, receptor molecules, enzymes, or structural supports in
membranes.

7. _____________ is an example of a molecule that can directly pass through the phospholipids
bilayer of the plasma membrane.
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Potassium
c. Sodium
d. Glucose
e. Calcium
Answer: A
RATIONALE: Carbon dioxide is an example of molecules that are lipid-soluble and can pass
easily through the phospholipid bilayer.

8. Cell membranes are said to be selectively permeable because they:

a. allow the free passage of some materials and restrict the passage of others.
b. allow the passage of materials in one direction but not the other.
c. permit the passage of most materials but not of water.
d. Cell membranes are NOT normally selectively permeable
Answer: A
RATIONALE: Cell membranes are selectively permeable, meaning that they allow some
substances, but not others, to pass into or out of the cells.

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 UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO - PHINMA
COLLEGE OF ALLIED HEALTH AND SCIENCES
SY: 2021-2022
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (HES 006): LECTURE
SESSION 2
RATIONALE

9. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the cell membrane? (Select all that
apply)
a. Cholesterol within the membrane gives it added strength and flexibility.
b. Receptor molecules are embedded in the membrane for intercellular communication.
c. Carbohydrates bind to protein molecules thereby modifying the proteins function as a
membrane channel.
d. Receptor molecules embedded in the membrane are involved in cellular recognition.
Answer: ABCD
RATIONALE: All of these statements are true of cell membranes.

10. Which of the following would occur if all cell membranes were no longer selectively
permeable? (Select all that apply)
a. Action potentials would no longer be generated.
b. Cells would be hypertonic to their environment.
c. You would be subject to a higher rate of illness and disease.
d. Cells would not be able to get and keep enough glucose to function.
Answer: ACD
RATIONALE: Intracellular material has a different composition than extracellular material, and
the cell’s survival depends on maintaining the difference. All of the choices are plausible, except
for the Option B. Cells would be isotonic, not hypertonic, to their environment since no changes
within the cell membrane have occurred.

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