Ethiopia Institute of Technology _ Mekelle Department of Mechanical Engineering

Course title: Strength of materials II Course code: MEng 203 Academic year: 2009/10 Program: Degree Instructor: Kibrom Gebremedhin Credit hours: 3 Semester: II Enrollment: Evening

Chapter three

Principal Stresses and Strains

PROBLEMS
Theoretical Questions:

1. Define the terms: principal planes and principal stresses. 2. A rectangular bar is subjected to a direct stress () in one plane only. Prove that the normal and shear stresses on an oblique plane are given by = 2 = sin 2
2

Where = angle made by oblique plane with the normal cross-section of the bar, = Normal stress, and = Tangential or shear stress. 3. A rectangular bar is subjected to two direct stresses ( 1 2 ) in two mutually perpendicular directions. Prove that the normal stress( ) and shear stress( ) on an oblique plane which is inclined at an angle with the axis of minor stress are given by 1 + 2 1 2 = + cos 2 2 2 And = 1 2 sin 2. 4. Define the term obliquity and how it is determined. 5. Derive an expression for the stresses on an oblique plane of a rectangular body, when the body is subjected to a simple shear stress. 6. A rectangular body is subjected to direct stresses in two mutually perpendicular directions accompanied by a shear stress. Prove that the normal stress and shear stress on an oblique plane inclined at an angle with the plane of major direct stress, are given by 1 + 2 1 2 = + cos 2 + sin 2 2 2 And = 1 2 sin 2 cos 2 .
2 2

7. Derive an expression for the major and minor principal stresses on an oblique plane, when the body is subjected to direct stresses in two mutually perpendicular directions accompanied by a shear stress. 8. Write a note on Mohrs circle of stresses.

9. A body is subjected to direct stresses in two mutually perpendicular directions accompanied by a simple shear stress. Draw the Mohrs circle of stresses and explain how will you obtain the principal stresses and principal planes. 10. A body is subjected to direct stresses in two mutually perpendicular directions how will you determine graphically the resultant stress on an oblique plane when: a) The stresses are unequal and unlike, and b) The stresses are unequal and like.
Numerical Problems:

Chapter three

Principal Stresses and Strains

1. A rectangular bar of cross-sectional area 12000 mm2 is subjected to an axial of 360 N/mm2. Determine the normal and shear stresses on a section which is inclined at an angle of 30o with the normal cross-section of the bar. 2. Find the diameter of a circular bar which is subjected to an axial pull of 150 kN, if the maximum allowable shear stress on any section is 60 N/mm2. 3. A rectangular bar of cross-sectional area 10000 mm2 is subjected to a tensile load P as shown in the fig. the permissible normal and shear stresses on the oblique plane BC are given as 8 N/mm2 and 4 N/mm2 respectively. Determine the safe value of P.
C P 30o B P

4. The principal tensile stresses at a point across two mutually perpendicular planes are 100 N/mm2 and 50 N/mm2. Determine the normal, tangential and resultant stresses on a plane inclined at 30o to the axis of the minor principal stress. 5. The principal stresses at a point in a bar are 160 N/mm2 (tensile) and 80 N/mm2 (compressive). Determine the resultant stress in magnitude and direction on a plane inclined at 60o to the axis of the major principal stress. Also determine the maximum intensity of shear stress in the material at the point. 6. At a point in a strained material, the principal stresses are 140 N/mm2 (tensile) and 60 N/mm2 (compressive). Determine the resultant stress in magnitude and direction on a plane inclined at 45o to the axis of the major principal stress. What is the maximum intensity of shear stress in the material at the point? 7. At a point within a body subjected to two mutually perpendicular directions, the stresses are 100 N/mm2 (tensile) and 75 N/mm2 (tensile). Each of the above stresses, is accompanied by a shear stress of 75 N/mm2. Determine the normal, shear and resultant stresses on an oblique plane inclined at an angle of 45o with the axis of minor tensile stress. 8. For the problem 7, determine: i. The direction and magnitude of each of the principal stress and ii. Magnitude of the greatest shear stress.

9. Direct stresses of 160 N/mm2 tensile and 120 N/mm2 compressive exist on two perpendicular planes at a certain point in a body. They are also accompanied by shear stresses on the planes. The greatest principal stress at the point due to these is 200 N/mm2. 10. At a certain point in a strained material, the stresses on the two planes at right angles to each other are 40 N/mm2 and 20 N/mm2 both tensile. They are accompanied by a shear stress of magnitude 20 N/mm2. Find graphically or otherwise, the location of principal planes and evaluate the principal stresses. 11. Solve problem 4, by graphical method. 12. Solve problem 5, by graphical method. 13. Solve problem 4, using Mohrs circle of stresses. 14. Solve problem 5, using Mohrs circle of stresses. 15. A point in a strained material is subjected to stresses shown in fig. using Mohrs circle method, determine the normal and tangential stresses across the oblique plane. Check the answer analytically. 2
50 N/mm 40 N/mm2 80 N/mm2 Oblique plane 450 80 N/mm2 40 N/mm2 50 N/mm2

Chapter three

Principal Stresses and Strains

16. An elemental cube is subjected to tensile stresses of 60 N/mm2 and 20 N/mm2 acting on two mutually perpendicular planes and a shear stress of 20 N/mm2 on these planes. Draw the Mohrs circle of stresses and hence or otherwise determine the magnitude and direction of principal stresses and also the greatest shear stress. 17. A strained material is subjected to two dimensional stresses. Prove that the sum of the normal components of stresses on any two mutually perpendicular plane is constant. 18. At a point in a two dimensional system, the normal stress on two mutually perpendicular planes are 1 2 (both alike) and shear stress is . show that one of the principal stresses is zero if = 1 . 2 . 19. A rectangular block of material is subjected to a tensile stress of 100 N/mm2 on one plane and a tensile stress of 50 N/mm2 on a plane at right angles, together with shear stresses of 60 N/mm2 on the faces. Find: i. The direction of the principal planes ii. The magnitude of principal stresses and iii. Magnitude of the greatest shear stress.