Civil Engineering November 2020 Review Innovations Hydraulics 17

OPEN CHANNELS C by Bazin: Most Efficient Sections (MES):

C
87 In channels of different shapes/ proportions but
- conduits where liquid flows with free or m of the same A, S and n, the one that gives the
1
atmospheric surface. R biggest Q or the smallest P is the “mes” (also
called optimum channel section, most
Q  Av (as in pipes) C by Kutter: economical section, most hydraulically efficient
section, most advantageous section, most
1 0.00155
V by Chezy formula:  23  favorable section, best hydraulics section and
C n S
the like.)
n  0.00155 
1  23  
v  C RS R S 

S = slope of the egl; hydraulic slope; m,n = roughness coefficient

energy gradient (as in pipes)
HL hf If C is not specified, use the Manning’s C in the
S 
L L Chezy’s V. The result is the Manning or the
R = hydraulic radius (m) Chezy-Manning formula for V:

A 1 2/3 1/2
R (as in pipes) v R S
P n

P = wetted perimeter (m) A. UNIFORM FLOW

- the same depth, cross sectional area and
 m1/2  velocity for a length of flow
C = Chezy coefficient 
 s  - the channel bed is parallel to the egl.
 
Generally,
8g
Theoretically, C
f

C by manning:
1 1/6
C R
n
width at the top = sum of the sides
d
R
2
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Civil Engineering November 2020
If the cross section of the most efficient
trapezoidal section is not specified, assume
1. A rectangular channel 1.8 m wide conveys
water at a depth of 1.2 m.
a. What is the velocity of flow if it is laid
on a slope of 0.002 and n= 0.012?
b. What is the discharge if the channel
slopes 0.1° and n = 0.016? Use
Kutter’s formula for C.
c. What is the velocity of flow if S =
0.000263 and f = 0.02?
2. The figure shows a natural channel flow
consisting of the main channel and two
equal flood plains on the sides. Assume the
slope of the channel is 0.0002, n=0.02 for
the main and n=0.04 for the flood plains.
a. What is the estimated discharge in
the main channel?
b. What is the total discharge?
c. If the total discharge is to be
contained in an asphalt-lined
semicircular channel with n=0.016,
what diameter is required?
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Review Innovations Hydraulics 17
5. The trapezoidal channel is made of
brickwork (n = 0.015) and slopes at 1:500.
Determine the flow rate if the normal depth
is 80 cm.
Ans. 5.23 m3/s
3. An open channel is to be designed to carry
2.6 m3/s of water at a slope of 0.0009. The
channel material has n = 0.014.
a. Compute the depth for a semi-
circular section.
b. Compute the depth for a rectangular
section.
c. Compute the depth for a trapezoidal
section.
4. Water flows in a brickwork rectangular
channel (n = 0.015) 2 m wide, on a slope of
5 m/km.
a. Find the flow rate when the normal
depth is 50 cm.
Ans. 2.266 m3/s
b. If the normal depth remains 50 cm,
find the channel width which will
triple the flow rate.
Ans. 5.153 m
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