Civil Engineering November 2020 Review Innovations Hydraulics 12

PIPES IN SERIES & PARALLEL REYNOLD’S NUMBER

1. Water flows at a rate of 0.020 m3/s from
Series vD reservoir A to reservoir B through three
NR 
 concrete pipes connected in series, as shown
in the figure. Find the difference in water-
NR = Reynold’s number
surface elevations in the reservoirs. Neglect
V = velocity of flow (m/s)
minor losses. f = 0.02.
D = diameter of the pipe (m)
Q1  Q2  Q3
ν = kinematic viscosity (m2/s)
2. A pipe 977 m long branches into 3 pipes at
HL  h f1  h f 2  h f 3  junction A. The three pipes span 1046 m, 885

P  m, and 796 m. They come together at
hf 
 junction B and continue as a single pipe for
ρ = mass density (kg/m3) 1224 m. All pipes are 300 mm in size except
Parallel μ = dynamic viscosity (Pa s)
the shortest one which is 250 mm. The
absolute viscosity;
coefficient of viscosity; pressure drop between the junctions is 260
viscosity kPa. Friction factor “f” can be assumed 0.02
in the entire system. Calculate the rates of
flow in the branching pipes.

If NR < 2000: 3. Oil with ρ = 950 kg/m3 and ν (nu) = 0.00002

64
f m2/s flows through a 30-cm Ø pipe 100 m
NR
long at 5 m/s. ε= 0.00194
a. What is the Reynolds number?
b. What is the friction factor?
If NR > 2000:
c. What is the total head loss?
Q1  Qa  Qb
  
Q 2  Qa  Qb 1
 2log  
2.51
 4. Glycerin, sg = 1.26 and μ = 1.49 Pa-s, flows
f  3.7D N f  through a 600-mm Ø pipe at 85 liters per
hfa  hfb  R 
second.
a. What is the Reynolds number?
b. What is the friction factor?
c. What is the critical velocity?

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Civil Engineering November 2020 Review Innovations Hydraulics 12
3
5. A fluid flows at 0.002 m /s through a 150 – is 1186 m. They come together at junction B
mm – diameter pipe. Determine whether and continue as a single pipe 750 mm in
the flow is laminar or turbulent if the fluid is: diameter and 866 m long. Assuming the
a. Air (ν = 1.48 × 10-5 m2/s) values of “f” are 0.017, 0.019, 0.020
Ans. laminar respectively for the 750, 600, and 450 mm
b. Water (µ = 8.90 × 10-4 Pa-s) pipe:
Ans. turbulent
a. What is Q in the 450 mm pipe?
c. Mercury (µ = 1.53 × 10-3 Pa-s)
Ans. 0.758 m3/s
Ans. turbulent
b. What is Q in the 600 mm pipe?
d. Glycerin (ν = 1.18 × 10 m2/s)
-3
Ans. 1.642 m3/s
Ans. laminar
c. What is the pressure head at junction
e. Gasoline (ν = 4.06 × 10 m2/s)
-7
B if the pressure at A is 116 m?
Ans. laminar
Ans. 51.5 m
6. Water flow at the rate of 250 liters/sec
9. The total head loss from A to D in the looping
through a 150 – m horizontal pipe having a
pipe system below is 9 m. Assuming C=120 in
diameter of 300 mm. Determine the friction
all pipes, determine the following if 50 liters
factor if the pressure difference between the
per second of water enters at A:
end points is 360 mm Hg.
a. Head loss in pipe 2.
Ans. 0.0154 Ans. 1.9 m
b. Amount of flow in pipe 2.
7. Two concrete pipes are connected in series. Ans. 0.019 m3/s
The flow rate of water through the pipes is c. Diameter of pipe 3.
0.14 m3/s with a total friction loss of 14.10 m Ans. 0.181 m
for both pipes. Each pipe has a length of 300
m. If one pipe has a diameter of 300 mm,
what is the diameter of the other one?
Neglect minor losses. Use f = 0.021
Ans. 250 mm

8. A 0.75-m Ø pipe 1162 m long carrying 2.4

m3/s of water branches into 2 pipes 450-
mmØ and 600mmØ at junction A. The 450
mm pipe is 1254 m long and the 600 mm one

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