Khairul’s Basic Math 746 wØNvZ-mgxKiY

wØNvZ mgxKiY
g‡b Kwi, ax2+bx+c = 0 GKwU wØNvZ mgxKiY, †hLv‡b a  0 Ges a,b,c Gi cÖ‡Z¨‡K ev¯Íe I g~j` msL¨v|
 b  b 2  4ac
Avgiv wØNvZ mgxKiYwUi mgvavb Ki‡j cvB, x =
2a
GLb b2- 4ac ‡K wØNvZ mgxKiYwUi wbðvqK e‡j| wbðvqK‡K wba©viKI ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|

 GB Aa¨v‡qi cÖkœ mgvavb Ki‡Z hvIqvi Av‡M †h welq¸‡jv bv Rvb‡jB bq:

GKwU mgxKiY mgvavb K‡i x Gi hZ¸‡jv gvb cvIqv hv‡e me¸‡jv‡KB H mgxKi‡Yi
g~j ev, root e‡j| †hgb: x2-5x+6 = 0 n‡j (x-3)(x-2) = 0 †_‡K Avgiv ej‡Z
01. Root ev g~j cvwi x = 3 A_ev 2 | A_©vr x Gi g~j 2wU n‡jv 3 Ges 2| kU©Kv‡U x2 G x Gi
m‡e©v”P NvZ 2 ‡`‡LI ejv hvq †h GB mgxKi‡Y 2wU g~j ev exR ev root Av‡Q|
GKwU g~j ‡`L‡Z †Kgb n‡e A_©vr ev¯Íe bvwK Aev¯Íe/RwUj; g~j` bvwK Ag~j` A_ev
02. cÖK…wZ ev aiY mgvb bvwK Amgvb Zv †ei Kivi bvgB n‡”Q g~j Gi cÖK…wZ ev aiY|
GKwU mgxKiY mgvavb K‡i †h g~j cvIqv hvq H g~j †`L‡Z †Kgb n‡e Zv †h wba©viY K‡i
03. wbðvqK ev wba©viK
†`q Zv‡K wbðvqK ev wba©viK ejv nq| GKwU wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi wbðvqK n‡jv b2-4ac

1. mvaviY wØNvZ mgxKiY ax2+bx+c = 0 Gi g~j `yBwU njÑ [wkÿK wbeÜb:2008]

- a  b 2  4ab 4ac  b - b  b 2  4ac

a. – b + b 2  4ac b. c. d. Ans: d
2 2a 2a
mgvavb:
ax2+bx+c = 0
 ax2+bx= - c
 4a2x2+4abx = -4ac [Dfq cÿ‡K 4a Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
 4a2x2+4abx +b2= b2 -4ac [Dfq c‡ÿ b2 ‡hvM K‡i]
 (2ax+b)2= b2 -4ac  (2ax+b)= b 2 - 4ac
 2ax= - b b 2 - 4ac
- b  b 2  4ac
x=
2a
- b b 2  4 ac
myZivs mgxKiwUi g~j `ywU n‡jv, x1 =
2a
- b- b 2  4 ac
Ges x2 =
2a
Khairul’s Basic Math 747 wØNvZ-mgxKiY
 wb‡Pi AsKwU‡Z m~ÎwUi cÖ‡qvM †`Lyb:
2. x2 – x – 6 = 0 mgxKi‡Y g~jØq [16 Zg cÖfvlK wbeÜb cixÿv-2019]
K. 3,2 L. 3, - 2 M. - 3, - 2 N. - 3, - 3 DËi: L
mgvavb: weKí mgvavb: (Drcv`‡Ki wbq‡g)
wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi Av`k©iæ‡ci mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i cvIqv hvq, x2 – x – 6 = 0
a = 1, b = - 1, c = - 6  x2 – 3x + 2x – 6 = 0
AZGe, mgxKiYwUi g~jØq x  x(x-3) + 2(x-3) = 0  (x – 3) (x + 2) = 0
- b  b 2  4ac - (-1)  (-1) 2  4  1 ( 6) GLb, nq, x – 3 = 0  x = 3
= = A_ev, x +2 = 0  x = - 2 DËi: 3 Ges -2
2a 2 1
- (-1)  (-1) 2  4  1 ( 6) 1  1  24  Drcv`‡Ki wbq‡g Kiv †M‡j ØxNvZ mgxKi‡Yi wbq‡g
= = hv‡ev †K‡bv?
2 1 2
1 25 1 5 1 5 6 GLv‡b, Middle term Gi wbq‡g wg‡j hvIqvq
= = = GLb nq x = = =3 Drcv`‡Ki gva¨‡g mn‡R mgvavb Kiv ‡M‡jI hLb
2 2 2 2
1 5  4 wgj‡e bv ZLb Drcv`‡Ki wbq‡g Kiv hv‡e bv| wKš‘
A_ev, = = -2 wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi wbq‡g memgq mgvavb Kiv hv‡e|
2 2

3. x2 - 8x + 16 = 0 Gi mgvavb Kiæb |
K. 2, 4 L. 3, 4 M. 4, - 4 N. 4, 4 DËi: N
mgvavb: weKí mgvavb: (Drcv`‡Ki wbq‡g)
wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi Av`k©iæ‡ci mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i cvIqv hvq, x2 - 8x + 16 = 0
a = 1, b = - 8, c = 16 x2 - 4x - 4x + 16 = 0
- b  b 2  4ac  x(x - 4) – 4(x -4) = 0
mgxKiYwUi g~jØq x =  (x - 4)(x -4) = 0
2a
nq (x - 4)= 0 x = 4
- (-8)  (-8) 2  4  1  16 8  64  64 A_ev, (x - 4)= 0 x = 4
= =
2 1 2 myZivs x Gi g~jØq 4, 4
8 0 80 80 80
= = GLv‡b,x1 = =4 I x2= =4
2 2 2 2
x Gi g~jØq 4, 4

4. 3 – 4x –x2 = 0 Gi mgvavb Kiæb |

mgvavb: (GB AsKUv Drcv`‡Ki mvaviY wbq‡g n‡e bv| )
wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi Av`k©iæ‡ci mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i cvIqv hvq, a = –1, b = – 4, c = 3 ,
2
- b  b 2  4ac - (-4)  (-4)  4  ( 1)  3
 mgxKiYwUi g~jØq x = =
2a 2  ( 1)
4  16  12 4  28 4  2 7
= = = = - (2  7 )
2 2 2
A_©¨vr, x1 = – 2 – 7 Ges x2 = – 2 + 7  x Gi g~jØq (– 2 – 7 ) I (– 2 + 7)
Khairul’s Basic Math 748 wØNvZ-mgxKiY
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wb‡¤œv³ welq¸‡jv g‡b ivLyb: wbðvqK (b -4ac) Gi gvb I g~‡ji cÖKw… Z
 wbðvq‡Ki Dci ‡gvU 4 cÖKvi kZ© Av‡ivc Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i
2
wbðvqK 1) b2- 4ac = 0 2) b2- 4ac  0 (c~Y©eM©) 3) b2- 4ac  0 (c~Y©eM© bq) 4) b - 4ac  0
g~jØq mgvb, ev¯Íe I g~j` Amgvb, ev¯Íe I g~j` Amgvb, ev¯Íe I Ag~j` Aev¯Íe ev KvíwbK
G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖ_g 3wUi Dci B AwaKvsk cÖkœ n‡q _v‡K| wb‡P D`vniY mn we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v †`Lyb:

 cÖ_g kZ©: hw` b2- 4ac = 0 nq,

b b
Z‡e g~j `yBwU - Ges - | AZGe g~j `yBwU ci¯úi mgvb, ev¯Íe msL¨v I g~j` n‡e|
2a 2a
‡hgb : x2-6x +9 = 0 GB mgxKiYwUi wbðvqK = (-6)2- 4.1.9 = 36 – 36 = 0
(6 ) 6
GLv‡b wbðvqK = 0 nIqvq g~jØq n‡e mgvb,ev¯Íe I g~j`| g~jØq mgvb nIqvq = - = =3
2 .1 2
2 2
cÖgvY: x - 6x +9 = 0 mgxKi‡Y x = 3 emv‡j, 3 - 63 + 9 =9- 18 +9 = 18 – 18 = 0
x = 3 Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv gv‡bi Rb¨ mgxKiYwUi (x2- 6x +9 = 0) evgcÿ k~b¨ n‡e bv|

5. ax2 + bx + c = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq mgvb nIqvi kZ© wK? [gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿K Awa`ßi (mnKvix cwiPvjK)-2013]
a. b2 – 4ac = 0 b. b2 – 4ac  0 c. b2 – 4ac  0 d. b2 – 4ac  0 Ans: a
6. ‡Kv‡bv wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi wbðvq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ n‡j g~j¸‡jv ?
K) mgvb L) RwUj M) Amgvb N) Aev¯Íe DËi: K
2
Note: wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi wbðvqK A_©vr, b – 4ac = 0 n‡j, g~jØq ev¯Íe I mgvb nq|

7. wØNvZ mgxKi‡bi g~jØq mgvb n‡j wK n‡e?

K) ev¯Íe I mgvb L) ev¯Íe I Amgvb M) c~Y©eM© msL¨v N) K Ges M DËi: N
8. (x-4)2 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~j KqwU? [GKv`k †emiKvwi wkÿK wbeÜb I cÖZ¨qb cixÿv -2014(¯‹zj/mgch©vq-1)]
K. 2 wU L. 3 wU M. 4 wU N. 1 wU DËi: N
mgvavb: (x-4)2 = 0  x -4 = 0 mgxKiYwUi g~j 1wU| KviY x Gi m~PK = 1wU

9. hw` x2 – px + 4 = 0 Gi g~j `ywU mgvb nq Ges p  0 nq Z‡e p-Gi gvb KZ? [gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y Awa`ßi-2019]
a. 4 b. 6 c. 16 d. 24 Ans: a
mgvavb: ‡h‡nZz wØNvZ mgxKiYwUi g~j `ywU mgvb|
 b2 – 4ac = 0  ( - p)2 – 4.1.4 = 0  p2 – 16 = 0  p2 = 16  p = 4 (Ans)
10. hw` x2+px+6 = 0 Gi g~j `ywU mgvb Ges P  0 nq Z‡e P Gi gvb KZ ?
a. 48 b. 0 c. 6 d. 24 Ans: d
mgvavb: hw` b2- 4ac = 0 nq Z‡e x2+px+6 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq mgvb n‡e
P2- 416 =0 GLv‡b, b = p, a = 1 Ges c = 6
2 2
 P - 24 =0  P = 24 P = 24
Khairul’s Basic Math 749 wØNvZ-mgxKiY
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11. x - px+10 = 0 Gi GKwU mgvavb 2 n‡j P Gi gvb KZ ?
a. 7 b. 5 c. 9 d. 3 Ans: c
18
mgvavb: 23- p2+10 = 0  -2p = - 18 p = = 9
2
2
12. x – 5x + c = 0 mgxKiYwUi GKwU g~j hw` 4 nq, Z‡e c Gi gvb KZ? [MÖnvqb I MYc~Z© gš¿Yvjq(mn: cwi:)- 2006]
3 9 16
a. b. 4 c. d. Ans: b
4 16 25
mgvavb: GKwU g~j 4 A_©vr x = 4 n‡j,
x2 – 5x + c = 0  42 – (54) + c = 0  16 – 20 + c = 0  c = 4
13. P Gi gvb KZ n‡j 4x2- px+9 = 0 GKwU c~Y©eM© n‡e ?
a. 10 b. 9 c. 17 d. 12 Ans: d
mgvavb: Avgiv Rvwb, hw` wbðvqK = 0 nq Z‡e mgxKi‡Yi g~j`¦q mgvb n‡e |
A_v©r b2- 4ac = 0 ev, (-p)2- 449 =0
‡m‡ÿ‡Î, p2- 449 =0  p2=144 p= 144 = 12

14. p Gi gvb KZ n‡j, 4x2 + px + 9 GKwU c~Y©eM© n‡e ? [ mgvR‡mev Awa`ßi (wdì mycvifvBRvi)-2017]
a. 10 b. 12 c. 9 d. 16 Ans: b
mgvavb: weKí mgvavb: ( exRMvwYwZK ivwkgvjv Aa¨v‡qi gZ K‡i)
p= 4ac 4x2 + px + 9
= (2x)2 + 2.2x.3 + 32-12x
= 4.4.9 = 144 = 12 = (2x+3)2 -12x myZivs p Gi gvb n‡Z n‡e 12

15. hw` 2x2 +mx+6 = 0 mgxKiYwUi g~j `yBwU mgvb nq Ges m  0 nq, Z‡e m Gi gvb KZ ?
a.4 3 b. 5 3 c. 2 3 d. 3 3 Ans:a
mgvavb:
wØNvZ mgxKiY ax2+bx+c = 0 Gi wbðvqK b2 - 4ac = 0 n‡j g~j `yBwU mgvb nq|
2x2+mx+6 = 0 Gi wbðvqK m2 - 4.2.6 = 0 (GLv‡b, m~‡Îi 4, a = 2, c = 6)
 m2 = 48 m = 48 = 16 3 =4 3

16. y Gi gvb KZ n‡j 16x2 – xy + 25 GKwU c~Y© eM© msL¨v n‡e? [WvK I †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM wefv‡Mi (Gw÷‡gUi)-2018]
K. 30 L. 40 M. 50 N. 60 DËi: L
mgvavb : 16x2 –xy + 25,
= (4x)2 – 2.4x.5+52
(4x)2 – 40x + 52 = (4x-5)2
GLv‡b, y Gi RvqMv 40 emv‡j ivwkwU (4x-5)2 A_©vr c~Y©eM© nq|

 kU©KvU mgvavb: b = 4ac = 4.16.25 = 2.4.5 = 40

2 2
[ b -4ac = 0  b = 4ac ‡_‡K mivmwi b = 4ac ]
Khairul’s Basic Math 750 wØNvZ-mgxKiY

 wØZxq kZ© : b2- 4ac abvZ¥K Ges c~Y©eM© n‡j

A_©vr b2 – 4ac  0 Ges c~Y©eM© n‡j, g~j `yÕwU Amgvb, ev¯Íe msL¨v I g~j` n‡e|
[ Note: ev¯Íe msL¨vq ÔFYvZ¥K c~Y©eM© Õ e‡j wKQz †bB | ]

†hgb: x2+ x – 6 = 0 Gi wbðvqK =12 -4.1.(-6) = 1+ 24 = 25

 1  25 1 5  1  25 1 5
 g~jØq n‡e = = = 2 Ges = = -3
2 .1 2 2.1 2
A_¨v©r g~jØq = (2 I -3) ev¯Íe, Amgvb I g~j

17. x2 – 3x + 2 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~j `ywU n‡e- [ wewfbœ gš¿Yvjq (e¨w³MZ Kg©KZ©v)-2019]

a. Aev¯Íe I Amgvb b. ev¯Íe I mgvb
c. ev¯Íe I Amgvb d. ev¯Íe I Ag~j` Ans: c
mgvavb:
wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi Av`k©iƒ‡ci mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i cvIqv hvq, a = 1, b = - 3, c = 2
cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Yi wbðvqK = b2-4ac = (-3)2-4.1.2 = 9-8 = 1
GLb †h‡nZz b2-4ac Gi gvb 1, hv k~b¨ †_‡K eo Ges c~Y©eM© msL¨v myZivs cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwUi g~jØq ev¯Íe Ges Amgvb|

18. ax2 +bx+c = 0 mgxKiYwUi g~j `yBwU g~j` n‡e hw` - [ msm` mwPevjq ( mnKvix mwPe)-1996]
a.b2  4ac b. b2 - 4ac GKwU c~Y©eM© msL¨v nq| c. b2  4ac d. ‡KvbwUB bq| Ans:b
mgvavb:
A_v©r b2 - 4ac = 0 n‡j, ax2 +bx+c = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq mgvb, ev¯Íe I g~j` n‡e|
hw` b2 - 4ac GKwU c~Y©eM© msL¨v nq Z‡e g~jØqI g~j` n‡e |

 Z…Zxq kZ© : b2- 4ac abvZ¥K Ges Ac~Y©eM© n‡j,

b2- 4ac  0 Ges c~Y©eM© bv n‡j, g~jØq, Amgvb, ev¯Íe msL¨v I Ag~j` n‡e|
A_©vr wbðvqK hw` abvZ¥K Ges Ac~Y©eM© nq Zvn‡j g~jØq Amgvb, ev¯Íe I Ag~j` |
‡hgb: x2-5x +1 = 0 Gi wbðvqK = (-5)2 – 4.1.1 = 25 – 4 = 21
 ( 5 )  21 5  21  ( 5 )  21 5  21
g~jØq n‡e = = Ges =
2 .1 2 2.1 2

19. 6x2- 7x-4 = 0 mgxKi‡Y g~j؇qi cÖKw… Z †KvbwU - [40Zg wewmGm wcÖwj]
K. ev¯Íe I mgvb L. ev¯Íe I Amgvb M. Aev¯Íe N. c~Y© eM© msL¨v DËi: L
mgvavb:
6x2- 7x-4 = 0 mgxKi‡Y g~j؇qi cÖKw… Z wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡j wbðvqK †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|
GLb, D³ mgxKiYwU‡K ax2 + bx + c = 0 mgxKi‡Yi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i cvB, a = 6, b = - 7 Ges c = - 4
GLb, wbðvqK = b2 - 4ac
= (-7)2 - 46(- 4) = 49+96 = 145
2
‡h‡nZz, b – 4ac Gi gvb k~b¨ (0) †_‡K eo wKš‘ c~Y©eM© msL¨v bq|
 g~jØq ev¯Íe, Amgvb Ges Ag~j` |
Khairul’s Basic Math 751 wØNvZ-mgxKiY

 PZz_© kZ© : b2- 4ac FYvZ¥K n‡j,

b2- 4ac  0 nq, Z‡e g~j `yBwUi Df‡q RwUj msL¨v n‡e| Zvn‡j g~jØq Aev¯Íe ev KvíwbK msL¨v |
‡hgb: x2 – 2x +4 = 0 Gi wbðvqK =(-2)2 -4.1.4 = 4 – 16 = -12
wbðvqK  0 nIqvq g~jØq RwUj msL¨v ( RwUj = ev¯Íe + Aev¯Íe ) n‡e |
 (  2 )   12 2  i2 3  (  2 )   12 2  i2 3
g~jØq = = = 1+i 3 Ges = = 1-i 3
2 .1 2 2 .1 2
[ GLv‡b i =  1 = Aev¯Íe msL¨K GKK|]

20. m Gi gvb KZ n‡j, mx2 + 3x + 4 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq RwUj n‡e?

13 16 9
K. L. M. N. 16 DËi: M
16 9 16
9
mgvavb: g~jØq RwUj n‡j, b2 – 4ac  0 (3)2 – 4 . m . 4  0  9 – 16m 0  - 16m - 9  m
16

wewea cÖkœ:
21. x2 – 6x + 9 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~j KqwU? [13 Zg †emiKvwi wkÿK wbeÜb cixÿv-2016]
K. 5 L. 3 M. 2 N. 4 DËi: M
 Note: cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Y x Gi m‡e©v”P NvZ (power) 2 ZvB mgxKiYwUi g~j 2 wU |
22. 3x2 – x + 5 = 0 mgxKi‡Y x Gi mnM KZ? [11 Zg †emiKvwi wkÿK wbeÜb cixÿv-2014]
K. - 2 L. - 3 M. - 5 N. - 1 DËi: N
23. 2x3 – 5x2 + 4 = 0 mgxKi‡Y x Gi mnM KZ? [13 Zg †emiKvwi wkÿK wbeÜb cixÿv-2016]
K. 1 L. 0 M. 5 N. 3 DËi: L
 Note: cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwU‡Z x hy³ c` †bB| ZvB x Gi mnM k~b¨ (0)
24. 2K2 - 16K + 8 = 0 n‡j, ÔKÕ Gi m¤¢ve¨ gvb¸‡jvi †hvMdj KZ? [ NSI (mnKvix cwiPvjK)-2019]
„ K.  4 3 L. - 8 M. 4 3 N. 8 DËi: N
we¯ÍvwiZ mgvavb :  kU©KvU :
K2 - 16K+8 = 0  2(K2-8K+4) = 0  K2 - 8K + 4 = 0
2K2 – 16K + 8 = 0 mgxKiYwU‡Z ÔKÕ Gi mnM
2
 (8)  (8)  4  1  4 8  64  16 = - 16
K= =
21 2 Ges K2 Ó Gi mnM Ó = 2
8  48 8  16  3 8  4 3 2(4  2 3 )  ÔKÕ Gi m¤¢ve¨ gvb¸‡jvi †hvMdj
= = = = K Gi mnM  16
2 2 2 2 = - K2 Gi mnM = - = - ( - 8) = 8
2
= 42 3  †hvMdj = (42 3 )+ (4 - 2 3 ) = 8

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