Question sheet (2)

Answer the following question:

1. (a) Which of the following statements describe the property of a substance that would be suitable for
measuring temperature? Tick the box alongside any acceptable statement.

[2]
(b) Fig. A shows how the length of the thread in a liquid-in-glass thermometer varies with temperature.

Fig. A
(i) What temperature is indicated by a thread length of 14.5 cm?
temperature = ........................ °C

Mona El-Sayed
 Question sheet (2)

(ii) What happens to the thread of the thermometer if the temperature drops below the ice point?
............................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 4]
2. The air trapped in a cylinder by a piston is kept under pressure by a load, as shown in Fig. A

Fig. A
(a) Describe how the pressure in the cylinder is caused by the air molecules.
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................ [3]
(b) The load is increased.
(i) State what happens to the piston.
............................................................................................................................................................
State what happens to the pressure in the cylinder, and give a reason.
what happens .....................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
reason.................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 6]

Mona El-Sayed
 Question sheet (2)

3. An immersion heater is put into some crushed ice at 0 °C. The immersion heater is switched on.

Fig. A
(a) On Fig. B, sketch the graph of temperature against time, up to the time when all the ice has melted.
[3]

Fig. B
(b) The heater is left switched on after all the ice has melted, and the temperature rises.
After some time, the temperature stops rising, even though the heater is still on.
(i) Suggest why the temperature stops rising, even though the heater is still on.
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
(ii) State what happens to the energy received by the water whilst this is happening.
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
[2]

Mona El-Sayed
 Question sheet (2)

4. Fig. A shows a shallow dish containing a liquid that evaporates easily. The bulb of a thermometer is held
in the liquid. A jet of air is blown over the surface of the liquid, so that the liquid evaporates rapidly.

Fig. A
(a) State what happens to the reading shown on the thermometer.
............................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Explain your answer to (a) in terms of the behaviour of the molecules of the liquid.
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) State one example in everyday life where the effect demonstrated by this experiment occurs.
............................................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 4]

Mona El-Sayed
 Question sheet (2)

5. (a) When a certain amount of heat is supplied to 1 kg of insulated aluminium, the temperature of the
aluminium rises by 1 °C.

Fig. A
In what form does the aluminium store the energy that has been supplied?
............................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) The same amount of heat is supplied to 1 kg of insulated copper, as shown in Fig. B

Fig. B

Mona El-Sayed
 Question sheet (2)

The temperature rise of the 1 kg copper block is greater than the temperature rise of the 1 kg
aluminium block in (a).
Explain, in terms of thermal capacity, why this is so.
..................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 3]

6. (a) On a hot day, a child drinks all the water in a plastic bottle. She then screws the cap back tightly on
the bottle, so that the bottle contains only air.

Fig. A
She throws the bottle into a waste basket, where the Sun shines on it.
After a while in the Sun’s rays, the air in the bottle is much hotter than before.
(i) State what has happened to the pressure of the air in the bottle.
............................................................................................................................................................
(ii) In terms of the behaviour of the air molecules, explain your answer to (a) (i).
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
[5]

Mona El-Sayed
 Question sheet (2)

(b) Also in the waste basket is a broken glass bottle containing a small quantity of water, as shown in
Fig. B

Fig. B
As the Sun shines on it, the volume of water slowly decreases.
(i) State the name of the process causing this decrease.
............................................................................................................................................................
(ii) In terms of the effect of the Sun’s rays on the water molecules, explain your answer to (b) (i).
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
[4]
[Total: 9]

Mona El-Sayed
 Question sheet (2)

7. (a) For a special parade, the guest of honour is to sit on a chair whilst the parade passes by.
Unfortunately the ground beneath the chair is soft, so the parade organisers put the chair on a large
flat board, as shown in Fig. A

Fig. A
Explain why the board prevents the chair from sinking into the ground.
..................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) At the parade, some air-filled balloons are used as decorations, as shown in Fig. B

Fig. B
(i) State what happens to the balloons when the Sun makes them hotter.
...................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) In terms of molecules, explain your answer to (b) (i).
............................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................... [2]

Mona El-Sayed
 Question sheet (2)

(c) A pump is used to pump up the balloons in (b). A valve in the pump becomes blocked, as shown in
Fig. C

Fig. C
(i) The piston of the pump is pushed in. State what happens to the pressure of the air trapped in the
pump.
...................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) In terms of molecules, explain your answer to (c) (i).
............................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 9]

8. (a) State two changes that usually happen to the molecules of a solid when the solid is heated.
1................................................................................................................................................................
2.......................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Most substances expand when they are heated.
(i) State one example where such expansion is useful.
...................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State one example where such expansion is a nuisance, and has to be allowed for.
...................................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 4]

Mona El-Sayed
 Question sheet (2)

9. (a) Here is a list of descriptions of molecules in matter.

In the columns alongside the descriptions, put ticks next to those which apply to the molecules in
(i) a solid,
(ii) a gas.
[4]
(b) The water in a puddle of rainwater is evaporating.
Describe what happens to the molecules when the water evaporates.
..................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 6]

Mona El-Sayed
 Question sheet (2)

10. (a) Fig. A shows how the pressure of the gas sealed in a container varies during a period of time.

Fig. A
Which of the following statements could explain this variation of pressure?
Tick two statements.

[2]
(b) Fig. B shows some gas trapped in a cylinder with a movable piston.

Fig. B
The temperature of the gas is raised.
(i) State what must happen to the piston, if anything, in order to keep the pressure of the gas
constant.
...................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State your reasons for your answer to (b)(i).

Mona El-Sayed
 Question sheet (2)

............................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 4]
11. An electric soldering iron is used to melt solder, for joining wires in an electric circuit. A soldering iron
is shown in Fig. A.

Fig. A
Solder is a metal which melts easily. The heater coil inside the metal cylinder heats the copper tip.
(a) (i) Suggest why the tip is made of copper.
........................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Suggest why the handle is made of plastic.
........................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) The heater coil is switched on. When the tip is put in contact with the solder, some of the heat is used
to melt the solder.
(i) State the process by which the heat is transferred from the copper tip to the solder.
...................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) By which process or processes is the rest of the heat transferred to the surroundings?
Tick the boxes alongside any of the following (you may tick as many as you think are correct).

[2]

Mona El-Sayed
 Question sheet (2)

(c) A short time after switching on the soldering iron, it reaches a steady temperature, even though the
heater coil is constantly generating heat.
The soldering iron is rated at 40 W.
What is the rate at which heat is being lost from the soldering iron? Tick one box.

[1]
[Total: 6]

Mona El-Sayed