By Vân Sky

maps
 Ôn lại từ vựng
a) Miêu tả sự xuất hiện

Động từ:
Nhà cửa mọc lên: be built, be constructed , be erected
Cây cối được trồng: be planted
Miêu tả cái gì đó xuất hiện chung chung: mushroom, appear, emerge, come into being, spring up

Danh từ:
Sự xây dựng của nhà cửa: the construction of
Sự xuất hiện: the mushrooming of, the appearance of, the emergence of, the birth of

b) Miêu tả sự biến mất

Động từ:
Nhà cửa bị phá bỏ: be deconstructed, vanish, be destroyed, be demolished, be knocked down
Câu cối bị chặt đi: be cut down, be devastated
Miêu tả cái gì biến mất nói chung: disappear

Danh từ:
The destruction of, the demolition of , the devastation of, the disappearance of
 Ôn lại từ vựng

c) Miêu tả sự mở rộng
Động từ: Be extended, Be widened, Be enlarged
Danh từ: The extension of, The enlargement of

VD
The school became bigger
The railway was lengthened
The car park has doubled/tripled in size.
VD: The hospital has been enlarged/further developed to include a…

d) Miêu tả sự thu hẹp

Be narrowed
Be reduced in size
Be diminished / the diminish of ST
Become smaller
The railway was shortened
VD: The hotel has been modified/reduced in size.
The park is now half/a quarter of its original size.
 Ôn lại từ vựng

e) Miêu tả sự giữ nguyên

Remain/ stay unchanged
Be still there
still exist

f) Miêu tả sự thay thế

Make way for/ give way to: nhường chỗ cho
Be replaced by: bị thay thế bởi
The replacement of something: sự thay thế của cái gì đó
Ví dụ:

The shop has been replaced by a car park.

A road has been constructed where the garden used to be.
The old town hall has been demolished/renovated/redesigned/relocated.
There are now high-rise apartments/low-rise town houses/rows of town houses in the town centre.
The access road/road leading to the castle has been widened/made narrower/made straighter.
More facilities have been added.
TÚM LẠI:

1. built= constructed = erected : được xây dựng

2. Set up = opened : được lắp đặt, được mở ra
3. Knocked down= pulled down= destroyed: bị phá hủy
4. Introduced = added: được giới thiệu/được thêm vào
5. widened= enlarged =expanded: được mở rộng
6.Reduce in size = become smaller: nhỏ lại
7. Converted into = turned into: được chuyển thành
8. Used : được sử dụng
9.Moved – relocated : được di dời
10. Stay intact = remain the same: đứng yên
 Một số cấu trúc thường dùng trong Map Writing task 1

Overview:
● Overall, the + [danh từ] + [witness] radical changes with the most noticeable being + [cụm danh từ]
● Overall, S + witnessed/saw dramatic changes
● Overall, S + changed + considerably/dramatically + over + [time]

Các cụm danh từ để nêu điểm khác biệt giữa 2 bản đồ thường dùng:
● The relocation and expansion of + A: sự di dời và mở rộng của + A
● The replacement of A for B: sự thay thế của cái cũ (A) cho cái mới (B)
● The addition of A: sự thêm vào của A
● The erection of A: sự xây dựng thêm A
● The disappearance of A: sự biến mất của A
Mô tả sự thay thế:
● S + be + demolished/ destroyed/ knocked down + to make way for + nơi mới.
● S + be + demolished/ destroyed/ knocked down + and replaced by + nơi mới.
● S + be + built/ constructed/ erected + to replace + nơi cũ
● S + be+ built/ constructed/ erected + on the original site of + nơi cũ

Mô tả sự biến mất:
● S + disappear
● S + be + demolished/ destroyed/ knocked down

Mô tả sự di chuyển:
● S + be + moved/ relocated to + nơi mới

Mô tả sự thu hẹp:
● S + be + narrowed
● S + become smaller

Mô tả sự không thay đổi:

● S + remain unchanged/ still exist

Mô tả chiều dài:
● S + has a length of + chiều dài
● S’s total length is + chiều dài
● S + is + chiều dài + long
Mô tả dân số:
● Nơi nào đó + has a population of + số dân + people
● Nơi nào đó + has + số dân + inhabitants.
● The population of + nơi nào đó + is + số dân
CẤU TRÚC CÂU GHÉP- CÂU PHỨC
1. Cái gì được xây dựng, thay thế cái gì đó?
A/an/danh từ số nhiều (của cái mới) + was/were+ built, replacing the (cái cũ)

2. Cái gì bị đập bỏ để nhường chỗ cho cái gì đó?

The (cái cũ) + was/were+ knocked down to make way for a/an/danh từ số nhiều (của cái mới)

3. Cái nào nằm ở đâu và giữ nguyên không đổi?

The (cái cũ) was located in the (phía nào) of the city/village, which stayed intact.

4. Cái gì ngày xưa ….., nhưng sau đó chuyển đổi thành gì đó?
The (cái cũ) was …..years ago, but then it + was + converted into a (cái mới)

5. Cái nào to ra, trong khi cái khác nhỏ lại không?
The (cái cũ) + was/were+ widened, while the (cái cũ) + was+ reduced in size.

6. Có cái nào được xây dựng để phục vụ ai không?

a/an/danh từ số nhiều (của cái mới) + was/were+ động từ (ed/3) in order to (động từ )

7. Chỗ nào ngày xưa là cái gì đó, bây giờ là cái gì ?

Where there used to be + a/an/số nhiều(cái cũ) , there + was/were + a/an/danh từ số nhiều (của cái mới) in (năm)
HIỆN TẠI DẠNG 1:

2 BẢN ĐỒ Ở QUÁ KHỨ

Task 1: The maps show the transformation of the
village of Eastminster over a ten-year period.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting

the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
DÀN Ý:

Intro:
Overview:
Body 1:
Body 2:
 The maps show the transformation of the village of Eastminster over a ten-year
period.

Intro:
The maps illustrate a number of transformations that took place in [nơi nào]
called [tên gì] during a period of ___years from ___to ___.

Overview: sự xây dựng thêm những tiện nghi công cộng [public amenities]
1. Overall, the + [danh từ] + [witness] radical changes with the most noticeable
being + [cụm danh từ]
● the erection of A: sự xây dựng thêm A
2. Eastminster became more urbanized with less open spaces over the decade.

BODY 1: glancing at the north of the river,

1. the woodland in the northwest [turn into] an adventure park.
2. by 2009 the large house with gardens [demolish] à a hotel and a golf course.
3. More houses [build] à encroach on/upon {xâm lấn} the park in the northeast.
4. The school from the south bank of the river [relocate] adjacent to the hotel.

BODY 2: The area south of the river experienced greater changes.

1. To the east, the streets of houses [knock down] à blocks of flats.
2. A residential area [construct] à the public garden located to the south of the old
streets of houses.
3. The construction of factories and warehouses along the railway line together with the
conversion of the school on the river into a new shopping complex [occur] in the north
4. The hospital [expand]
The maps show the urbanization that took place in the village of Eastminster between the years 1999
and 2009.

As is evident in the maps, Eastminster became more urbanized with less open spaces over the
decade.

Glancing at the north of the river, the woodland in the northwest was turned into an adventure park.
Moreover, by 2009 the large house with gardens had been replaced with a hotel and a golf course.
More houses were also built, encroaching on the park in the northeast. The other main development
north of the river was the relocation of the school from the south bank of the river.

The area south of the river experienced greater changes. To the east, the streets of houses were
demolished to make way for blocks of flats. By 2009, where a public garden stood south of the old
streets of houses, there were more houses. Further developments that occurred were the construction
of factories and warehouses along the railway line together with the conversion of the school on the
river into a new shopping complex. The final transformation was the expansion of the hospital west
of the old school situated on the river.
 DẠNG 2:

1 BẢN ĐỒ Ở QUÁ KHỨ

1 BẢN ĐỒ Ở HIỆN TẠI

Đề thi ngày 27/03/2021
The maps show a beachfront in Australia in 1950 and today.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and
make comparisons where relevant.
The maps show a beachfront in Australia in 1950 and today.

Intro: The maps detail a 1950 Australian beachfront location and alterations in the present
day.

OVERVIEW:
Overall, it is readily apparent that there has been an increase in leisure facilities and motor
vehicle access to the beach, while the beach has stayed intact.
BODY 1: THE ROAD – A NEW CAR PARK- THE DINING TABLES - PAVILION
● In 1950, to the uppermost part of the map, there was a road running eastward from the city
directly to the car park.
● At present, the road has been expanded southward, leading to the lighthouse and circling
the entire beachfront.
● Another interesting development has been the removal of the playground to make room for
a car park .
● The dining tables and the pavilion along the road, however, remain at the same position
over the given period.
BODY 2: A RESTAURANT – SURF CLUBS- POOLS
● Another major change includes the addition of a big restaurant and a surf club, which are
located to the western area of the beach.
● Closer to the beach, the 25m pool has been enlarged to 50 meters, whilst the other pool to
the east has been untouched.
● A new surf club is added next to it to cater to those who visit this area.
 DẠNG 3:

1 BẢN ĐỒ Ở QUÁ KHỨ

1 BẢN ĐỒ Ở TƯƠNG LAI

 CẤU TRÚC DỰ ĐOÁN TƯƠNG LAI
1. Subject + will + be+ Vpp
2. Subject + is/are likely to + be+ Vpp
3. According to the plan, there will be + a/an [noun]
4. It is expected/suggested/likely that + Subject + will + be + Vpp
5. Subject + is/are + expected/projected/believed/ suggested+ to + be + Vpp
6. The plan + [show/ reveal/ indicate] + (that) + Subject + will + be + Vpp

§ A new road will be built.

§ A new road is likely to be built.
§ According to the plan, there will be a construction of a new road.
§ It is expected that a new road will be built.
§ A new road is projected to be built.
§ The plan reveals that a new road will be built.
The diagrams below show the site of a school in 2004 and the plan for changes to
the school site in 2024. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the
main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The diagrams below show the site of a school in 2004 and the
plan for changes to the school site in 2024.

• The maps compare the layout of a school as it was in the year

2004 with a proposed site design for the year 2024.

• As is evident in the pictures, the school is expected to

accommodate a considerably larger number of students with the
addition of a new school building.
BODY1: NUMBER OF STUDENTS – 2 BUILDINGS – A SHORT
PATH
• In 2004, there were 600 pupils attending the school, and the two
school buildings were separated by a path running from the main
entrance to the sports field.
• By 2024, it is expected that there will be 1000 pupils, and a third
building will have been constructed.
• Furthermore, the plan is to join the two original buildings together,
creating a shorter path that links the buildings only.

BODY 2: BULDING 3 – CAR PARK 2 - ROAD - ENTRANCE

• As the third building and a second car park will be built on the site
of the original sports field, a new, smaller sports field will need to
be laid.
• A new road will also be built from the main entrance to the second
car park.
• Finally, no changes will be made to the main entrance and original
car park.
 The two pictures compare the layout of a school as it was in the year
2004 with a proposed site design for the year 2024.

As is evident in the pictures, the school is expected to accommodate a

New York 4,496KM
considerably larger number of students with the addition of a new
Sydney 12,073KM
school building.
Manila 11,759KM

Paris 90
88KM
In 2004, there were 600 pupils attending the school, and the two
school buildings were separated by a path running from the main
entrance to the sports field. By 2024, it is expected that there will be
1000 pupils, and a third building will have been constructed.
Furthermore, the plan is to join the two original buildings together,
creating a shorter path that links the buildings only.

As the third building and a second car park will be built on the site of
the original sports field, a new, smaller sports field will need to be
laid. A new road will also be built from the main entrance to the
second car park. Finally, no changes will be made to the main entrance
and original car park.
 DẠNG 4:

1 BẢN ĐỒ Ở HIỆN TẠI

1 BẢN ĐỒ Ở TƯƠNG LAI

The plans below show the layout of a university’s sports centre now, and how it will look after
redevelopment.
The plans below show the layout of a university’s sports centre now, and how it will look after
redevelopment.

The diagrams illustrate the existing plan of a

university’s sports centre and its proposed plan.

Overall, this sports centre is likely to undergo

some significant changes. The most striking
changes are the development of the two outdoor
courts and the addition of various sports
facilities.
BODY 1:
• At present, this centre has a large building in the middle and two
outdoor courts to the west and east.
• Inside the building, there is a reception facing the main entrance, a 25-
metre swimming pool behind the reception and a gym at the back.
• People can access the seating area by the door on the right of the
reception desk, while the door on the left leads to the changing room.

BODY 2:
• According to the second map, the two outdoor courts will be merged
with the main building.
• On the original site of the western outdoor courts, a large leisure pool
will be constructed, while a big sports hall and two studios for
dancing will be built on the site of the other outdoor courts.
• There will also be two additional changing rooms, a new café and a
sports shop on on either side of the main entrance.
• The gym is planned to double in size, while the remaining features
will stay unchanged.
The plans below show the layout of a university’s sports centre now, and how it will look after
redevelopment.
The diagrams illustrate the existing plan of a university’s sports centre
and and the proposed plan following the building.

Overall, this sports centre is likely to undergo some significant changes.

The most striking changes are the development of the two outdoor
courts and the addition of various sports facilities.

At present, this centre has a large building in the middle and two outdoor
courts to the west and east. Inside the building, there is a reception facing
the main entrance, a 25-metre swimming pool behind the reception and a
gym at the back. People can access the seating area by the door on the
right of the reception desk, while the door on the left leads to the
changing room.

According to the second map, the two outdoor courts will be merged
with the main building. On the original site of the western outdoor
courts, a large leisure pool will be constructed, while a big sports hall
and two studios for dancing will be built on the site of the other outdoor
courts. There will also be two additional changing rooms, a new café and
a sports shop on on either side of the main entrance. The gym is planned
to double in size, while the remaining features will stay unchanged.
The diagrams below show the site of a school in 2004 and the plan for changes to the school site in 2024.
The diagrams below show the site of a school now and the plan for changes to the school site in 2024.

NHỮNG CỤM TỪ NÊN GHI NHỚ CHO MỞ BÀI MAPS

The maps compare……….

v CỤM TỪ CHO QUÁ KHỨ

§ the layout of a school as it was in the year 2004
§ the changes in a school in 2004

v CỤM TỪ CHO HIỆN TẠI

§ the layout of a school now
§ the existing plan of a school
§ the current layout of a school
§ its alterations in the present day.
§ the layout of a school as it is now

v CỤM TỪ CHỈ KẾ HOẠCH TƯƠNG LAI

§ its plan in 2024
§ plans for its development.
§ a proposed site design for the year 2024
§ the plan for changes to the school site in 2024
§ how it will look after redevelopment.
§ How a school is expected to be redeveloped from its current set up
 Thank you!
Let's have a wonderful discussion
about Map Scales in our next session.