Engineering Project

Management (MGT1002)

Instructor:
Dr. Mahmood Hassan Akhtar

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Project Management Past and
Present
• This chapter introduces project management as an
important activity in many different careers and
industries.

• The chapter presents a brief overview of the history of

project management tools and project management
professionalism.

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Careers Using Project
Management Skills
• Everyone carries out projects, every role in every
organization.

• Projects can be any size from one-person doing his or

her homework to thousands of people working together
with billion-dollar budgets.

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History of Project Management
• Early methodologies not well-documented, but results
still stand: the pyramids, Stonehenge, mass human
migrations
• Late 19th century
• Construction of intercontinental railroad, other large
projects
• Early 20th Century
• Frederick Taylor created Scientific Management of
industrial processes
• Henry Gantt developed a bar-chart approach to
illustrating timing of project tasks and progress
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History of Project Management
(continued)
• Mid-20th century
• CPM and PERT methodologies identified the importance of
task sequences, task dependencies and the concept of the
critical path.
• Project management as a profession
• Project Management Institute (PMI) was founded
• Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) was created

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History of Project Management
(continued)
• Today
• Increasing recognition of project management as a
specialized set of skills applicable to many different industries
• Project Management certifications: PMP, CAPM,
specializations
• PMBOK is in its 5th edition
• Variations on methodologies:
• phased (waterfall approach)
• Agile methods
• The importance of integrating projects into portfolios and programs

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What is the Project
In order to understand project management, one must begin with the
definition of a project. A project can be considered to be any series of
activities and tasks that :.

● Have a specific objective to be completed within certain

specifications

● Have defined start and end dates

● Have funding limits (if applicable)

● Consume human and nonhuman resources (i.e., money, people,

equipment)

● Are multifunctional (i.e., cut across several functional lines)

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Chapter 1: Project Management: Past and Present
OR

‘‘a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique

product, service, or result’’

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Chapter 1: Project Management: Past and Present
Project management skills
• Planning
• Communication
• Delivering results
• Monitoring risks
• Managing resources

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Project Life Cycle

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Present
 Five Process group

Project initiation Project planning Project execution

● Selection of the best project given
resource limits
● Recognizing the benefits of the project
● Preparation of the documents to sanction
the project
● Assigning of the project manager
● Definition of the work requirements
● Definition of the quality and quantity of
work
● Definition of the resources needed
● Scheduling the activities
● Evaluation of the various risks
● Negotiating for the project team
members
● Directing and managing the work
● Working with the team members to
help them improve

Project monitoring and control

Project closure
● Tracking progress
● Verifying that all of the work has been
● Comparing actual outcome to accomplished
predicted outcome ● Contractual closure of the contract
● Analyzing variances and impacts ● Financial closure of the charge numbers
● Making adjustments ● Administrative closure of the paper work

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Chapter 1: Project Management: Past and Present
Successful project management can then be defined as having achieved
the project objectives:

 Within Time

 Within Cost

 At the desired performance/Technology level

 While utilizing the assigned resources effectively and

efficiently

 Accepted by the customer

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Chapter 1: Project Management: Past and Present
Industry sectors
• Business owners
• Agriculture and Natural Resources
• Arts, Media and Entertainment
• Building Trades and Construction
• Energy and Utilities
• Engineering and Design
• Fashion
• Finance

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 What is Project Management
Project management is the planning, organizing, directing, and
controlling of company resources for a relatively short-term objective
that has been established to complete specific goals and objectives.

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Chapter 1: Project Management: Past and Present
Constraints of the project
Project management is designed to manage or control
company resources on a given activity, within time, within
cost, and within performance. Time, cost, and performance
are the constraints on the project.

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Chapter 1: Project Management: Past and Present
The potential benefits from project management
are:
● Identification of functional responsibilities

● Minimizing the need for continuous reporting

● Identification of time limits for scheduling

● Identification of a methodology for

trade-off analysis.

● Measurement of accomplishment
against plans

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Chapter 1: Project Management: Past and Present
Resources
We have stated that the project manager must control company
resources within time, cost, and performance. Most companies have
six resources:

● Money

● Manpower

● Equipment

● Facilities

● Materials

● Information/technology

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Chapter 1: Project Management: Past and Present
Industry sectors (continued)
• Health and Human Services
• Hospitality, Tourism and recreation
• Manufacturing and Product Development
• Education
• Public Services
• Retail and Wholesale Trade
• Transportation
• Information Technology

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Summary
• Project management has existed as long as humans have worked
together to achieve goals
• Project management skills are useful in all careers
• Project management takes place in all industries
• Project management tools and methodologies have evolved over
the past century and a half:
• Scientific management
• Gantt chart
• Pert/CPM network diagrams
• There are associations of professional project managers that set
standards for the practice of project management
• PMI’s Project Management Body of Knowledge or PMBOK, currently
in its fifth edition.

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 Questions?

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