E Eng-Calculations

Hydrodynamic calculation Howell-Jet valve

a VANES
q t p ALTERNATE AT 45°
33°
VANES

w
B

Qmax
D

10°
n
m
g
v

y
c
b

ELLIPSE
e h i j l
s
k DETAIL "B"

40°
33°
z
1 d
8

eldeen
u

-F +F
D

Howell-Jet valve

Values for calculation

Valve diameter

D 2000 mm

Diameter needle
 Dneedle 2500 mm

Inner diameter

d 200 mm

Dimension a

a 2319.4 mm

Dimension b

b 1000 mm

Dimension c

c 1000 mm

Dimension e

e 359.4 mm

Dimension f

f 13.6 mm

Dimension g

g 111 mm

Dimension h

h 506.6 mm

Dimension i

i 155.4 mm

Dimension j

j 223.2 mm

Dimension k

k 57.4 mm

Dimension l

l 585.4 mm

Dimension m

m 269.2 mm
Dimension n

n 2416.6 mm

Dimension o

o 375 mm

Dimension p

p 372 mm

Dimension q

q 276 mm

Dimension r

r 500 mm

Dimension t

t 107.6 mm

Dimension u

u 1600 mm

Dimension v

v 1239.6 mm

Dimension w

w 229.2 mm

Dimension x

x 7416.6 mm

Dimension y

y 41.6 mm

Dimension z

z 5.2 mm

Dimension d 1

d1 40 mm

Rated net head

 H 150 m

Gravitational acceleration

g 10 m/s
2

The water temperature

T 20 °C

Density

ρ 998.8 kg/m
3

Saturated vapor pressure

PT 2339.2 Pa

Water hammer

ΔP 30 m

Loss before valve

Σζ 1

Loss coefficient

ζ 0.811

Valve axis position to sea level

h 0 m

Air density

1.225
ρ 3
air kg/m

Atmospheric pressure

pa 101325 Pa

Calculation
Flow
2 2
1 π ⋅ D 1 π ⋅ 2000
3
Qmax = ⋅ ⋅ √2 ⋅ g ⋅ H = ⋅ ⋅ √2 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 150 = 102.6m /s
6 6
√1 + Σζ + ζ 4 ⋅ 10 √1 + 1 + 0.811 4 ⋅ 10

Velocity in valve
 6 6
4 ⋅ 10 ⋅ Qmax 4 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 102.6
vmax = = = 32.67m/s
2 2
π ⋅ D π ⋅ 2000

Theoretical pressure in the valve at full opening

2 2
vmax 32.67
Δh = ⋅ (ζ + 1) = ⋅ (0.811 + 1) = 96.6m
2 ⋅ g 2 ⋅ 10

Pressure parameter
Δh 96.6
p = = = 0.644
H 150

Requirements
0 < p ≤ 1 → 0 < 0.644 ≤ 1

Does suit.
 Stroke Coefficient of Coefficient of hydraulic Coefficient of
from open Flow hydraulic force on a force on a needle hydraulic force on
position coefficient needle in the axis x upstream in the axis x body in the axis x

s KQ Kx Kx−upstream Kbx

0 0.743 -0.769 -1.239 0.201

10 0.702 -0.237 -0.724 0.241

20 0.646 -1.51 -2.045 0.296

30 0.598 -0.296 -0.821 0.354

40 0.511 -0.454 -1.082 0.443

50 0.445 -1.658 -2.312 0.531

60 0.368 -0.382 -1.069 0.623

70 0.264 -0.553 -1.389 0.746

80 0.174 -0.537 -1.435 0.862

90 0.09 -0.224 -1.187 0.953

100 0 -0.033 -1.204 1

 -●-K x [−]

-●-K x−upstream [−]

-●-K bx [−]

s[%]

Coefficient of force
 -●-K Q [−]

s[%]

Flow coefficient
 Flow of water Water
Stroke from Loss Reduced free flow area in Relative in the velocity in
open position coefficient the throttle control system flow pipeline pipeline

s ζ fr Qp Q v

3
% m /s m/s

0 0.811 1 1 102.6 32.67

10 1.029 0.945 0.963 98.9 31.47

20 1.396 0.869 0.91 93.4 29.72

30 1.796 0.805 0.861 88.3 28.11

40 2.83 0.688 0.763 78.3 24.92

50 4.05 0.599 0.682 70 22.27

60 6.38 0.4953 0.579 59.4 18.92

70 13.35 0.3553 0.428 43.92 13.98

80 32.03 0.2342 0.2874 29.5 9.39

90 122.5 0.1211 0.1503 15.42 4.91

100 1.0E+200 0 0 0 0
 -●-ζ[−]

s[%]

Loss coefficient

2
1 − K
Q
ζ =
2
K
Q
 -●-f r [−]

-●-Q p [−]

s[%]

Coefficients

KQ
fr =
KQmax

fr
Qp =
2
√p + fr ⋅ (1 − p)
 -●-Q[m 3
/s]

-●-v[m/s]

s[%]

Flow and speed of water in the pipeline

Q = Qp ⋅ Qmax

v = Qp ⋅ vmax
Stroke from open Loss of pressure on the Pressure on the Cavitation
position valve valve number

s HL Hv σ

% m m

0 43.29 96.6 1.207

10 51 101.6 1.073

20 61.7 108.5 0.905

30 71 114.7 0.776

40 87.9 126.1 0.571

50 100.4 134.8 0.4415

60 114.2 144.7 0.3157

70 130.5 157.4 0.1872

80 141.2 167 0.1122

90 147.6 174.3 0.0707

100 150 180 0.0551

 -●-H L [m]

-●-H v [m]

s[%]

Loss of height on valve and pressure height on Howell Jet valve

2
v
HL = ⋅ ζ
2 ⋅ g

2
v
Hv = HL + + (1 − Qp ) ⋅ ΔP
2 ⋅ g
 -●-σ[−]

s[%]

Cavitation number

pa − P T
+ H − HL
ρ ⋅ g
σ =
Hv
Stroke from open position Forces on the needle The force at the valve axis x

s Fx Fbx

% kN kN

0 -3634.5 609.6

10 -1555.3 768.2

20 -7557 1008.1

30 -2089.1 1273.8

40 -3279.2 1752.3

50 -10399.5 2245.4

60 -3417.8 2829.5

70 -5108.8 3684.3

80 -5419.5 4516.4

90 -3475.1 5212

100 -2543.5 5648.3

 -●-F x [kN]

s[%]

Forces on the needle

π ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ Hv
2 2 2 2 2
Fx = ⋅ (D ⋅ Kx − D ⋅ (1.1162 − 0.04) ⋅ Kx−upstream + (D − d ) ⋅ Kx−upstream )
9 needle
4 ⋅ 10
 -●-F bx [kN]

s[%]

The force at the valve axis x

2
π ⋅ D
Fbx = ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ Hv ⋅ Kbx
9
4 ⋅ 10