MODERN

ARCHITECTURE
19th Century – 1960
 CONTENTS:

1. HISTORY
2. GEOGRAPHICAL
3. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
4. ARCHITECTS
5. BUILDINGS & LANDMARKS
 The Historical Architecture Timeline
HOA1

Pre-Historic Egyptian Near East Greek Roman Early Christian Byzantine

HOA2

Romanesque Gothic Renaissance Industrial Revivalist Modern Post-Modern

HOA 3

Islamic Indian Chinese Japanese

HOA 4

Filipino Architecture
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

Skyscrapers
• An American invention.
• The invention of elevator and more sophisticated
heating, plumbing, and electric lighting systems made
the higher spaces as accessible and comfortable as
the lower ones.
 LOUIS SULLIVAN
• an American architect, and has
been called the “Father of
skyscrapers“ and “Father of
Modernism“
• “Form (ever) follows function.”
• His greatest contribution to the
skyscraper was the organizing
of its identical, stacked floors to
express a strong visual identity.
(Three levels: base, shaft, and
top floor)
• Used nature-inspired or
“organic” decorations to
humanize his imposing
structure.
PRUDENTIAL BLDG
• An early skyscraper officially
the known as the “Guaranty
Bldg.”
• The three zones of Sullivan's
design are visible in the large
open windows of the ground
zone, the thin vertical elements
of the office zone and the
arches and curves of the
terminating zone at the top of
the building.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

PRUDENTIAL BUILDING
Buffalo, Newyork
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

PRUDENTIAL BUILDING
Buffalo, Newyork
 FRANK LLOYD
WRIGHT
• An American architect, interior
designer, writer, and educator.
• Believed that buildings should
be spread out horizontally.
• Wright believed in designing
structures that were in harmony
with humanity and its
environment, a philosophy he
called Organic Architecture.
• Wright was the pioneer of what
came to be called the Prairie
School movement of
architecture.
 ROBIE HOUSE
• Officially the Frederick C.
Robie House is a U.S.
National Historic Landmark
on the campus of the
University of Chicago.
• renowned as the greatest
example of Prairie School,
the first architectural style
considered uniquely
American.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

ROBIE HOUSE
Chicago, Illinois
FALLINGWATER
• The house was built partly
over a waterfall as a
weekend home for the
Kaufmann family.
• AIA named Fallingwater the
"best all-time work of
American architecture" and
in 2007,
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

FALLINGWATER
Pennsylvania, USA
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

FALLINGWATER
Pennsylvania, USA
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

Organic
Architecture
• Promotes harmony between human habitation and the
natural world.
• Materials, motifs, and basic ordering principles based
on nature.
THE GUGGENHEIM
• Officially the The Solomon
R. Guggenheim Museum
was to be the only museum
designed by Wright.
• It is the permanent home of
a continuously expanding
collection of Impressionist,
Post-Impressionist, early
Modern and contemporary
art and also features special
exhibitions throughout the
year.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM
Newyork, USA
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM
Newyork, USA
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM
Newyork, USA
 JOHNSON WAX
BUILDING
• It’s the world headquarters
and administration building
of S. C. Johnson & Son in
Racine, Wisconsin.
• Its distinctive "lily pad"
columns and other
innovations revived Wright's
career at a point when he
was losing influence.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

JOHNSON WAX BUILDING

Wisconsin, USA
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

JOHNSON WAX BUILDING

Wisconsin, USA
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

Art Deco
• Also called Style Moderne.
• Based on geometric motifs, streamlined and
curvilinear forms, sharply defined outlines.
• Uses bold colors and synthetic materials (plastics).
CHRYSLER BLDG.
• It is the tallest brick building
in the world with a steel
framework. (40 storey)
• The Chrysler Building was
built as part of an ongoing
building boom that resulted
in the city having the
world's tallest building
from 1908 to 1974.
• Designed by William Van
Allen.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

CHRYSLER BUILDING
New York, USA
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

Art Nouveau
• “New Art;” based on the return to craftsmanship and
the integration of art, design, and architecture.
• Characterized by fluid, undulating motifs, often derived
from natural forms.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

ART NOUVEAU
• English uses the French name Art Nouveau (new
art). The style is related to, but not identical with,
styles that emerged in many countries in Europe at
about the same time:
• Germany: Jugendstil
• Spain: Modernismo
• Italy: Stile Liberty
• Austria: Sezession
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

ART NOUVEAU
• English uses the French name Art Nouveau (new
art). The style is related to, but not identical with,
styles that emerged in many countries in Europe at
about the same time:
• Germany: Jugendstil
• Spain: Modernismo
• Italy: Stile Liberty
• Austria: Sezession
 ANTONI GAUDI
• a Spanish architect known as
the greatest exponent of
Catalan Modernism.(Art
nouveau in Spain)
• Combined Moorish and Gothic
elements with naturalistic forms,
their textured, undulating
shapes recall waves, sea coral,
and fish bones.
• He earned the nickname
"God's Architect“ due to his
Roman Catholic faith intensified
during his life and religious
images appear in many of his
works.
SAGRADA FAMILIA
• "Expiatory Church of the
Holy Family" is a large
unfinished Roman Catholic
church in Barcelona.
• transforming the project with
Gaudi’s architectural and
engineering style, combining
Gothic and Art Nouveau
forms.
• It is anticipated that the
building can be completed by
2026, the centenary of Gaudí's
death.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

SAGRADA FAMILIA
Barcelona, Spain
 CASA BATLLO
• A remodel of a previously
built house, it was
redesigned in 1904 by
Gaudí and has been
refurbished several times
after that.
• The local name for the
building is Casa dels ossos
(House of Bones), as it has
a visceral, skeletal organic
quality.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

CASA BATLLO
Barcelona, Spain
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

CASA BATLLO
Barcelona, Spain
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

CASA BATLLO
Barcelona, Spain
 CASA MILA
• Popularly known as La
Pedrera(The stone quarry),
a reference to its
unconventional rough-hewn
appearance.
• It was the last private
residence designed by
architect Antoni Gaudí
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

CASA MILA
Barcelona, Spain
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

Modern-”isms”
And Other Architectural Styles
• Expressionism, De Stijl, Constructivism, Organic
Architecture, Bauhaus, International Style
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

Expressionism
• A European movement that generated jagged and
dynamic forms in both painting and architecture.
EINSTEIN TOWER
• An astrophysical observatory in
the Albert Einstein Science
Park in Potsdam, Germany.
• This was one of Mendelsohn's
first major projects that was
built on the summit of the
Potsdam Telegraphenberg to
house a solar telescope.
• It is often cited as one of the
landmarks of expressionist
architecture.
•
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

EINSTEIN TOWER
Potsdam, Germany
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

De Stijl
• “The Style”also known as Neoplasticism.
• Use of black and white with the primary colors
rectangular forms, and asymmetry (inspired by a
Mondrian painting).
 MONDRIAN
PAINTING
• Mondrian sets forth the
delimitations of Neoplasticism
in his essay "Neo-Plasticism in
Pictorial Art".
• On the contrary, it should find
its expression in the abstraction
of form and colour, that is to
say, in the straight line and the
clearly defined primary colour".
 RIETVELD
SCHRÖDER HOUSE
• The facades are a collage of
planes and lines whose
components are purposely
detached from, and seem to
glide past, one another.
• Colours were chosen as to
strengthen the plasticity of the
facades; surfaces in white and
shades of grey, black window
and doorframes, and a number
of linear elements in primary
colours.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

RIETVELD SCHRÖDER HOUSE

Utrecht, Netherlands
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

Constructivism
• Expression of construction was to be the basis for all
building design.
• Emphasizes on functional machine parts.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

Organic
Architecture
• its natural environment, and forms an integrated
whole.
• Shapes are often of irregular contours and resemble
forms found in nature.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

Bauhaus
• Bau (building), haus (house)
• A school in Germany founded by Walter Gropius
• Synthesis of technology, craft, and design aesthetics
• Emphasis on functional design (“form follows
function”).
BAUHAUS BLDG.
• One of the three Bauhaus school in
Germany under three different
architect-directors: Walter Gropius,
Hannes Meyer and Ludwig Mies
Van De Rohe.
• Designed to embody the school's
core principles and values.
• The campus features an asymmetric
pinwheel plan, with dedicated areas
for teaching, an auditorium and
offices, and housing for students
and faculty distributed throughout
three wings connected by bridges.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

BAUHAUS BUILDING
Dessau, Germany
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

International
Style
• Functional architecture devoid of regional
characteristics.
• Simple geometric forms, large untextured surfaces
(often white), large areas of glass, and general use of
steel or reinforced concrete construction.
 LE CORBUSIER
• “The house is a machine for living
in.”
• Charles Edouard Jeanneret
• A Swiss-French architect,
designer, painter, urban planner,
writer, and one of the pioneers of
what is now called modern
architecture.
• founding member of the Congrès
International d'Architecture
Moderne (CIAM).
• Prepared the master plan for the
city of Chandigarh in India.
 VILLA SAVOYE
• A modernist villa in Poissy,
representing the origins of
modern architecture and is
one of the most easily
recognizable and renowned
examples of the
International style.
• The house was originally
built as a country retreat for
the Savoye family. After it
became the property of the
French state in 1958.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

FIVE POINTS OF ARCHITECTURE

1. Pilotis, structural system of stilts that lifted the
building off the ground to allow people and traffic to
pass underneath;
2. Free plan, rooms enclosed by non-load-bearing
partitions;
3. Curtain walls;
4. Ribbon windows; and
5. Roof gardens.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

VILLA SAVOYE
Paris, France
NOTRE DAME DU
HAUT
• Our Lady of the Heights is a
Roman Catholic chapel that
attracts 80,000 visitors each
year.
• The structure is built mostly of
concrete and stone, with the
upturned roof, like a sail
billowing in the windy currents
on the hill top, which was a
remnant of the original chapel
built on the hilltop site
destroyed during World War II.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

NOTRE DAME DU HAUT

Ronchamp, France
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

NOTRE DAME DU HAUT

Ronchamp, France
MIES VAN DE ROHE
• “Less is more.”
• ▪ Best known for developing
boxy, steel-and-glass
architecture (skin and bone
architecture) for nearly every
purpose - from houses to
skyscrapers.
• He was a director of the
Bauhaus, a seminal school in
modern architecture
SEAGRAM BLDG.
• Popularly known as La
Pedrera(The stone quarry),
a reference to its
unconventional rough-hewn
appearance.
• It was the last private
residence designed by
architect Antoni Gaudí
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

SEAGRAM BUILDING
New York, USA
 FARNSWORTH
HOUSE
• It is a one-room weekend
retreat in what then was a
rural setting, made up of
steel and glass material,
commissioned by Edith
Farnsworth, M.D., a
prominent Chicago
nephrologist, as a place
where she could engage in
her hobbies—playing the
violin, translating poetry, and
enjoying nature.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

FARNSWORTH HOUSE
Ronchamp, France
 BARCELONA
PAVILION
• Designed for the 1929 International
Exposition in Barcelona, Spain.
• It is an important building in the
history of modern architecture,
known for its simple form and its
spectacular use of extravagant
materials, such as marble,
red onyx and travertine.
• The same features of minimalism
and spectacular can be applied to
the prestigious furniture specifically
designed for the building, including
the iconic Barcelona chair.
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

BARCELONA PAVILION
Barcelona, Spain
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

BARCELONA PAVILION
Barcelona, Spain
End of PPT