UNITS and DIMENSION

Physical quantity A Quantity which can be measured

directly or indirectly Eu length time current etc

UNIT Standard Reference chosen for

measurement of a physical quantity is called its
meter
unit En unit of length

measurement of a Physical quantity EI

L nu Measured length
3M 300am
n humerical Init
value
Recall
Xy C constant
y

I n

Physical quantity

fundamental Derived

which cannot be en pressed which are en pressed in terms

in terms other physical of other Physical quantities
of
Quantities Shead
In Dished
Eu mass length time
etc

units
Derived units
fundamental units
mls m2
m
Ky
s ate Ete

System of units

SI

MH
Cgs
Fps M
car ft
g lb kg
S
S S
 S I

Solid angle s

stiff 1
12
É
Y'TR
Completesphere
Taz
U IT SO

5
o
I A

Scientific Notation
A x 10h Ka 10

II
7 b 915
Order
of magnitude
g Frere Oddly 3h I
SH E
3
1

Enam the Mass of a person 65kg

65 6.5 X 10
ly
2
order 1 1

child 15 1.5 X lo kg
Mass
of
a
Ky
order I
e
KS
 100 order o
EI 2kg 2.0

Enanyne AU Astronomical unit au distance

blue Earth and Sun 1 496 10 m

orderI

86400 SE
8 64 X 104 Order Yt
I
Measurement of Large distance by parallan Method

Iarallan Apparent shift in position of an

object wit background when it is observed

from two different position

P
i
D
o 1
o
object
b
d
Pa P Pa b basis of Parallan

O Parallan angle
or
Parallactic angle
D
I
70 2 sad
10 601
10
Of
1 60 Gian
convent Radian
Q Xo y z

radian
AI Gtfo 5 x'go

Question D

D
Af
a
AaB

d
Measurement of diameter Moon
of
E
A b given
R o
T I d
H
b

I d b o

I 39 X 109M Ay

Parsec
d Parsec
on
y
d
l 496 10
1

Measurement mass
of
mass Giz atom
I atomic mast unit famu of
27
1.67 10
kg I mass g Proton
order 27

Accuracy and Precision

closeness of measured value to the

actual value
of Physical Quantity
EEEhz.su
It determines the resolution 12 2 64 am

up to which a Quantity is measured

toff 52cm

ERROR difference btw Actual value and Measured value

Positive Error Negative ERROR

Measured wave Actual name Measured
wame
Actual
vase
B
 A Physical Quantity a needs to be measured

Its n measurements are

All Az Az Ay An
Some ofthese have five Errors and others may have

ive Ennoss

True value
of Physical quantity a is considered
as Arithmetic mean these n
of measurements
ait art Azt t an
am e
Tynedale
n

Error in Ist measurement Da a am

I II Ind 11 092 92 Am

Dan an am
nth

Mean absolute error

t 10921 t 10931 t loan
wa tail
n
 likely lie in internal
Physical quantity a most

sa a ant da
am f s

t am Ida
a

L 10.0 I o 1 em

Relative 2200
Fm
Percentages Gm Xiao

g which one is more Accurate

Mi 50 I 1 M Ma o o I o 1 A
length Current
de
SI Kesner toxin f error xico

21 I

Mcfate

Combination of Errors

L o I 1 m
A at wa
6 I 2 M
B b I ab

manimumenon in z
Ze Atb
Ete
2 at b I wats

Lit Lz 16 I 3

Let X A B
ox wat ab
error in x
maximum

L L2 CY I 3 m

A at wa
NEE
5A Ga 549

20 010.2 010.4
SI 2x 24 27 0
29 20 010.2
 A at wa z a b

B b I Ob X a lb

Mani mum Relative Error in Z

E Eft of
where z ab

Manimum Error in Z

Z
02
9 43
Manimum Relative Error in X

4 9 9
where X
G
Manimum Error in X

sx E x

Mani mum Enos in z A

Where A a wa

Maximum Relative error in a

ng
In general if 2
9451
relative in
then maximum error a

Ipl
BE lml da t int
of
A B find
NEE if Z
c o
then E man

11
X C D 2 Here x C 0
at
SI ox act WD

Of of Eft Ef
actor
OE 4ft c D

se tnx 4,1 1241 1 of E xin

211 at 71
211 1
HE