ASSSESSMENT OF SELECTED RICE PROCESSING CENTERS IN THE 3RD

DISTRICT OF CAMARINES SUR

NEDRIC BADONG MANCERA

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND FOOD SCIENCE, CENTRAL BICOL STATE
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
AGRICULTURAL AND BIOSYSYEMS ENGINEERING

FEBRUARY 2022
 INTRODUCTION

Rice is one the main crops produced in the Philippines. Its

highest production level is recorded in 2020 at 19.44 million

metric tons (MT) (Rice Today, 2020). Rice postharvest processing

involves several operations, such as drying, milling, and

storage. Drying of grain involves exposing to ambient air with

low relative humidity or to heated air. This will evaporate the

moisture from the grain and then the drying air will remove the

moisture from the grain bulk. Rice milling is a process of

producing edible milled rice after separating the husk, the bran

layers, and clean rice. The milling process in large commercial

mills combines a number of operations that produce better quality

and higher yield of white rice from paddy or rough rice (Rice

Knowledge Bank, 2010). Storage of the processed rice is as

crucial as the other processes. The purpose of any grain storage

facility is to provide safe storage conditions for the grain to

prevent grain loss caused by adverse weather, moisture, rodents,

birds, insects and micro-organisms like fungi.

The Rice Processing Center (RPC) is a project by the

Department of Agriculture, where the main objective is for

farmers and its beneficiaries to have a more efficient way of

processing rice and improve its production value. It is composed

of the following components: mechanical dryer, rice mill and a

storage building. The main beneficiaries of the centers are the

farmers around the RPCs. The RPC in Carolina is relatively new

and started their operation since 2020, while the RPC in Magarao

started its construction since 2013 and until now, the RPC is

still operating. The target RPCs are needed to be assessed to

know whether the facilities are working at its full capacity thus

maximizing the potentials and profit of each center.

In facilities like the RPC, information about the

performance of the machines and facilities is very important.

Assessment on the machines and facilities of the center must be

conducted to determine on how well the centers perform and

determine the impact of the RPC to the farmers’ production and

income.

Objectives of the Study

The general objective of the study is to evaluate the

selected RPCs in the 3rd district of Camarines Sur.

Specifically, it aims to:

1. evaluate the performance of drying, milling and storage

operations;

2. determine the operation and maintenance of the centers; and

3. assess its impact on farmers’ production and income.

Significance of the Study

The study is significant and beneficial to the respective

RPCs as they will be provided with the information whether the

RPC is running and performing at its full potential. Feedback and

action can be made once the results of the study is given to the

respective RPCs and their farmers. This study will also be

beneficial to the farmers that avails the services of the RPC.

Their feedbacks from the survey will serve as information as

whether the RPCs does really affect and improve the farmers’

production and income. Moreover, this will also benefit future

researchers, as it may serve as reference and guide who would

conduct other studies related on assessment and testing of

agricultural machinery and facilities.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

The study will focus on the assessment of the performance of

RPC, operation and maintenance, and its impact to farmer’s

income. Actual observation and actual gathering of data will be

done. Drying performance parameters will include drying

capacity, moisture reduction rate, and biomass or fuel

consumption. Rice milling performance parameters such as milling

capacity, milling efficiency, milling recovery, and fuel

consumption will be considered. An interview will be conducted to

gather additional information on the storage, and general

operation and maintenance of the RPCs. Also, a survey will be

undertaken to gather information on the impact of the RPCs to the

production and income of the farmers.

Time and Place of the Study

The study will be conducted at the RPCs in Naga City and

Magarao, Camarines Sur from February to April 2022.

Definition of Terms

Moisture content - the amount of water or moisture present in

the rice.

Moisture reduction rate - average percentage point moisture

content removed from the grain per drying time.

Burner efficiency - ratio of the heat supplied by the burner, to

the heat released by the fuel.

Rice bran – the outer layer of paddy

Small broken or brewers - small pieces or particles of grains

that pass through a sieve having round perforations of 1.4mm

in diameter.

Large broken - milled rice with length less than three quarters

but more than one quarter of the average length of the whole

kernel.

Head rice - milled rice with length greater or equal to three

quarters of the average length of the whole kernel

Whole grain - milled rice grain without any broken parts.

Impurities – unwanted foreign materials such as dirt, stone, etc.

Milling duration - the duration of the milling from the start of

the loading of the paddy until the last discharge from the

rice mill.
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Drying

Drying is the removal of grain moisture content to a safe

level for storage. It is the most critical operation after

harvesting a rice crop. When rice is harvested, it will contain

up to 25% moisture. High moisture level during storage can lead

to grain discoloration, encourage development of molds, and

increase the likelihood of attack from pests. It can also

decrease the germination rate of the rice seed. (IRRI, n.d.)

Mechanical dryers are used to remove water from wet grains

by forcing either ambient air or heated air through the grain

bulk. This is done through heated air drying where it employs

high temperatures for rapid drying. The drying process is

terminated when the desired final moisture content is reached,

and Low-temperature drying or in-store drying where it controls

the relative humidity rather than the temperature of the drying

air so that all grain layers in the deep bed reach equilibrium

moisture content. (IRRI, n.d.)

Drying is the process of the removal of water (moisture)

from hygroscopic materials at low to medium moisture contents

(normally <30% wet basis) by means of evaporation. When the

moisture content of the agricultural products is high (usually

>50% wet basis) the process of removal of moisture is referred to

as dehydration. The examples of the products that are dried

include cereals, oilseeds, legumes, and some processed foods; and

examples of the products that are dehydrated include fruits,

meats, and vegetables (Pabis et al., 1998; Sokhansanj and Jayas,

2006).

Ahmad et al. (2014) evaluated the performance of cross-flow

rice dryers with both gas and rice husk as heat sources. The

experimental results indicated that drying air temperature of the

gas-fired and rice husk-fired dryers was 54°C and 66°C,

respectively. However, the average air flow rate was 6.24 and

2.60 m3 s-1 of gas-fired and rice husk-fired cross-flow dryers,

respectively. The drying rate of gas-fired dryer was 2.0

percentage point h-1, whereas the drying rate of rice husk-fired

dryer was 1.0 percentage point h-1. The drying costs of gas-fired

and rice husk-fired dryers were about Rs.0.21 and 0.16 kg -1. The

overall performance of the gas-fired dryer was satisfactory,

while that of the rice husk-fired dryer can be improved by

incorporating an appropriate heat exchanger.

Milling

Milling is a crucial step in post-production of rice. The

basic objective of a rice milling system is to remove the husk

(dehusking) and the bran layers, and produce an edible, white

rice kernel that is sufficiently milled and free of impurities.

The process has to be accomplished with care to prevent excessive

breakage of the kernel and improve recovery of paddy or rice. The

extent of recovery during milling depends on many factors like

variety of paddy, degree of milling required, the quality of

equipment used, the operators, etc. Depending on the

requirements of the customer, the rice should have a minimum of

broken kernels. (M.Tech (Food tech), G.J .U.S & T, Hissar)

A rice milling system can be a simple one or two step

process, or a multi stage process. One-step milling is the

process where the husk and bran removal are done in one pass.

While two-step process is where removing husk and removing bran

are done separately, and lastly multistage milling is the process

where rice undergoes a number of different processing steps.

(IRRI, n.d.)

Folami et al. (2016) evaluated of the performance of a

developed rice dehusking/destoning machine. Minitab 16 was used

for analysis of variance of two main factors [four paddy

varieties Faro 35, Faro 44, Faro 55and Ofada and five moisture

content (MC) groups] to obtain its optimum operational

parameters. Cleaning efficiency, coefficient of dehulling,

coefficient of wholeness, dehulling efficiency, dehulling

recovery and output capacity were optimum at 94.60%, 0.63, 0.85,

50.54%, 61.22% and 18.53 kg/h, respectively. The effect of MC and

test paddy variety on coefficient of wholeness and dehulling

efficiency were significant while only MC effect was significant

at P<0.05 on cleaning efficiency. Paddy varieties had effect on

rice quality, long and slender grains had more breakage than

shorter grains. After further work of improvement, its

coefficient of dehulling, dehulling efficiency and dehulling

recovery were 0.82, 65 and 75% respectively.

Das et al. (2016) conducted a study on the evaluation of a

Traditional Rice Husking Mill. The study was undertaken to

identify the present status of Engleberg type rice husking mill

in terms of capacity, technology, quality, milling losses;

identify and analyze the financial performance, constraints; and

recommend the priority interventions for updating the rice

husking mill. The capacity of the mill was identified as 0.2 ton

per hr and the capacity utilization was found as 20.83%. The

products of the husking mill were identified as whole rice 62.5%,

broken rice 7.5%, husk & bran 25%, and loss 5%, respectively. The

annual operating cost was estimated as Tk. 101,998 per year. The

operating cost was estimated as Tk.56.67 per hour and Tk.283.35

per ton. The revenue was estimated as Tk.225,000 per year and net

margin was estimated as Tk.341.67 per ton. The benefit-cost ratio

was found to be 2.21 which indicate the business is very

profitable.

Storage

The purpose of any grain storage facility is to provide safe

storage conditions for the grain in order to prevent grain loss

caused by adverse weather, moisture, rodents, birds, insects and

micro-organisms like fungi. Rice storage facilities take many

forms depending on the quantity of grain to be stored, the

purpose of storage, and the location of the store. (IRRI, n.d.)

Rice Processing Operations

Okunola et al. (2019) assessed the rice processing

operations in Ekiti State, Nigeria. An investigation survey was

carried out to examine factors affecting processing and quality

of rice in nine major towns involved in rice production in the

State. A structured questionnaire was used to collect

information from three hundred (300) rice processors.

Findings revealed that 47% of the processors were males and

53% are females, 66.7% of the processors have family size

ranged within 4 to 7 persons, 63.78% of them have only

primary education and 22.67% have no formal education, 70% of

rice is gotten from middle men and 80% of the processors used

their personal savings as capitals. 70% of the milling machines

used was obsolete being single pass type characterized with high

broken grains and 90% of the processors depend on diesel engines

to power the mills while 7% had access to good storage

facilities. None of the processors had accesses to a rice de-

stoner. The result obtained is used to improve the processing

deficiency of rice in the State.

 According to the Section 29 – c of Article VII of the

Republic Act 10601 or the Agricultural and Fisheries

Mechanization (AFMech) Law states that in the undertake of the

registration of agri-fishery machinery and facilities,

enforcement of the PAES and other agricultural and fishery

engineering regulatory activities in coordination and

collaboration with the concerned national government agencies.

 METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the description of the research

methodology, the respondents, and the tools in gathering data.

A. Materials, Tools, and Equipment

Materials:

a. sample grain

b. labeling tags

c. sample bags

Tools and equipment:

a. thermometer (range: 0°C to 100°C)

b. grain moisture meter

c. tachometer, contact type, range: 0-5000 rpm; or

Photoelectric, range: 0-5000 rpm

d. timers

e. measuring tape

f. noise level meter

g. weighing scale
 h. graduated cylinder (for engines) 500 mL capacity or

watt-hour meter (for electric motors); 60

Hz, 220 V

i. vernier caliper (0.1 mm accuracy)

j. manometer / pressure gauge

k. power meter (60 Hz, 220V)

l. scientific calculator

m. marking pen and pencil

n. camera

B. Procedure

i. Drying

Rice drying test procedure shall conform to the PAES

standard (PNS/PAES 202:2015 - Agricultural machinery–Heated air

mechanical grain dryer–Methods of test)

a. Sample Preparation

One hundred (100) kilogram of wet paddy will be used in the

drying operation. The moisture content (MC) will be determined

by taking three (3) 100g samples of the fresh paddy.

b. Test Set-Up
 A thermometer shall be mounted for temperature sensing and

pitot tube for air pressure measurement on the side of the

plenum.

The materials to be used in the drying operation will be

prepared. Weights of the fresh palay to be placed in the drying

bin and of the biomass will be taken. The fuel tank will be

filled with fuel at its maximum level.

When the measured initial MC of the fresh paddy is higher

than 26%, air drying operation will be performed until the

desired MC (26%) is reached. The air pressure in the attached

pitot tube will be measured. If the air pressure of 30 mm Hg is

not reached, the throttle setting of the engine will be adjusted

to maintain the pressure throughout the drying operation. Air

drying duration will be recorded.

At 26% MC, the furnace will be fired and the drying air and

the ambient temperatures will be monitored at 30 minutes

interval. After the drying period, 9 paddy samples (100 grams

each; 3 samples per trial) will be collected from the top, middle

and bottom of the bin at 3 different locations: near the blower,

midway and at the rear portion of the drying bin. The samples

will then be cooled, labeled, and measured for MC. When the

average MC is more than 14%, drying operation will be continued,

but when it reaches 14%, the heat source will be terminated.

Drying duration and the amount of fuel used in the furnace will

be recorded. The fuel consumed in the engine that runs the

blower will be measured. The blower will be continued to operate

until the paddy cools down. Tempering period will then be

recorded. The amount fuel consumed in the engine that runs the

blower, the weight of the dried paddy, and the level of sound 1

meter away from the engine will be measured. Three tests will be

conducted.

c. Performance indicator

The following formula will be used in the computation of

drying performance:

1. Drying Capacity

Drying Capacity ( kgh )= InitialActual

weight of test material (kg)
drying time (h)

2. Moisture reduction rate

By weight ( kgh )= Initial weight of test material ( kg ) −Final weight of test material (kg)
Actual drying time (h)

3. Biomass or fuel consumption

fuel consumption ( kgh )= initial fuel volume ( L )−Final fuel volume(L)

drying time(h)

ii. Milling

For milling test, the procedure in the Philippine

Agricultural and Engineering Standards (PAES) will be used.

Specifically, the PNS/PAES 206:2015 (Agricultural machinery Rice

mill–Specifications) and the PNS/PAES 207:2015 (Agricultural

machinery–Rice mill–Methods of test).

a. Sample Preparation

One hundred (100) kg of dried paddy will be used for the

milling operation.

b. Test Set-Up

The paddy to be used for testing shall be prepared. The

paddy quantity shall be sufficient for three (3) trials. Measure

for the initial weight of the paddy and determine its moisture

content. The Paddy that will be used must been dried to a uniform

moisture content of 14%. The fuel tank will be filled with fuel

at its maximum level.

During the milling period, milling duration and the fuel

consumption will be recorded. Speed of the components shall also

be recorded, the level of sound 1 meter away from the engine to

the operator will be measured, as well as the noise level of the

bagger 1 meter away from the operator. Input, output, and milling

time/duration will also be recorded.

After the milling period, the weight of the milled rice and

the rice bran shall be measured using the weighing scale.9 milled

rice samples (50 grams each; 3 samples per trial) will be

gathered, stored in sample bags and labelled. These samples will

be used in determining the percentage of brewers, large broken,

head rice, whole rice, and impurities by separating them manually

and weighing them each. Three tests will be conducted.

c. Performance Indicators

1. Milling recovery

weight of milled paddy( kg)

Milling Recovery= x 100
weight of paddy sample (kg )

2. Milling Efficiency

total weight of unmilled paddy (kg)

Milling Efficiency= x 100
total weight of paddy fed into the machine( kg)

3. Milling Capacity (kg/h)

weight of input paddy (kg)

Milling Capacity ( kg /h )=
total input time(h)

iii. Storage

An inspection to the RPC’s storage will be conducted. An

assessment sheet (Annex A) will be used as a guide. The

assessment sheet will be based on the Philippine Agricultural and

Engineering Standards (PAES) for warehouse of bag type storage of

grain.

a. Operation and maintenance of Centers

Interview with the Officers in charge of the respective RPCs

will be conducted. Interviewees will be asked of questions

regarding on the operations in their respective centers and also

the maintenance of their machines, equipment, and the facility.

The interviewees will be asked using an interview schedule (Annex

B).

b. Assessment of Impact on Farmers’ Production and Income

Survey research design will be used in collecting data from

the farmers of the respective areas. Respondents will be asked

of several questions regarding their experience and the impact of

the services of the RPCs in their income and the production of

rice. The respondents will be asked using an interview schedule

(Annex C).

A non-probability sampling procedure will be used for

selecting the participants in this study. This technique will be

employed to ensure a fairly equal representation of the variables

for the study. The group will be based on the number of the

frequently present members within the respective RPCs. Selection

of respondents on each RPC will be by quota sampling. This will

be achieved by setting the target number of respondents,

specifically 50% of the members of each processing center. The

formula for determining the sample size is as follows:

Total no. in the group (0.50) = sample size

In Magarao the total number of beneficiaries that are 30,

while in Carolina the total number of beneficiaries are 68. These

beneficiaries are the people who are always active and uses the

RPC regularly.
 With this, the calculated sample for each RPC is 15

respondents for Carolina and 34 respondents for Magarao.

Statistical Analysis

All data gathered will be presented using tables and graphs

using Microsoft Excel will be used to present the data to provide

an organized and clean view of the Assessment data and the survey

data. Determining the mean of each question will be the main

statistical tool that will be used in analysing the data.

REFERENCES:

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%20with%20low,%2C%20constant%20rate%2C%20falling%20rate)
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stharvest/storage
 Annex A
STORAGE ASSESSMENT SHEET

MUNICIPALITY: __________________________________ DATE: __________

I. SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

 Name of Cooperative/LGU:_______________________
 Address:______________________________________________
 No. of years of existence:__________________________
 Status of Cooperative/LGU:___________________
 Services Offered:_____________________________________
 No. of Beneficiaries/members:_________________________
 Average land holding/member:__________________________
 Crops Planted other than rice:_______________________
 Total Area Planted:___________________________
 Production per Hectare of Main Crop (ha):____________
  Mode of Acquisition:_______________________________
 Mode of Payment:_____________________________________

II. ASSESSMENT OF THE STORAGE FACILITY OF THE RICE PROCESSING

CENTER

1. Location:
1.1 Transport accessibility
Is it accessible to all forms of transport system?

( ) YES ( ) NO

1.2 Flood-free?

( ) YES ( ) NO

1.3 Fire hazards

Observations:
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
1.4 Is location near busy public facilities such as
schools, hospitals, etc?
( ) YES ( ) NO

What Facilities?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

2. Building structure:
2.1 Is there provisions for water tightness, to prevent
moisture from leaching to the grain?

( ) YES ( ) NO

What Provisions?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

2.2 Provisions for efficient loading and unloading bays?

 ( ) YES ( ) NO

What Provisions?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

2.3 Provisions for aeration?

( ) YES ( ) NO

What Provisions?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

2.4 Provisions bird, rodent, and pest proofing?

( ) YES ( ) NO

What Provisions?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

2.5 Building has a ledge or podium?

( ) YES ( ) NO

3. Illumination
3.1 Skylights

Provisions for sky lighting?

( ) YES ( ) NO

4. Electrical works
4.1 Wiring

Wiring has protection?

( ) YES ( ) NO

What protects the wiring?

___________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

5. Drainage
5.1 Building has sufficient drainage

( ) YES ( ) NO

How Many? ______________________________________

6. Structural Requirements
6.1 Floor

6.1.1 Floor is adequately strong and capable of

withstanding heavy loads and vibrations.

( ) YES ( ) NO

6.1.2 Floor is smooth and easy to clean?

( ) YES ( ) NO

6.1.3 Floor has visible cracks?

( ) YES ( ) NO

How large?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

6.2 Walls

6.2.1 Walls are painted white on the inside?

( ) YES ( ) NO

If no, what color?

______________________________________
Why?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
________

6.2.2 Walls are painted white on the outide?

( ) YES ( ) NO

If no, what color?

______________________________________
 Why?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
________

6.2.3 There is an opening between wall and roof?

( ) YES ( ) NO

6.3 Roof

6.3.1 Roof has fireproofing?

( ) YES ( ) NO

6.3.2 Roof surface is light colored or reflective?

( ) YES ( ) NO

What color?
_________________________________________

6.3.3 Rainwater drain pipes are closely spaced?

( ) YES ( ) NO

6.4 Doors

6.4.1 Kind of Door?

( ) Sliding ( ) Folding

If folding, does it open outward?

( ) YES ( ) NO

6.4.2 Door is at least reinforced along their lower edges

with metal plate as protection against rodents.

( ) YES ( ) NO

6.5 Ventilation

6.5.1 There are natural ventilation openings?

( ) YES ( ) NO

6.5.2 Natural ventilation openings are provided with

shutters?
 ( ) YES ( ) NO

6.5.3 Natural ventilation have installed shutters?

( ) YES ( ) NO

6.6 Rodent proofing?

6.6.1 There is a rodent and bird protection installed?

( ) YES ( ) NO

If yes, what kind?

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
_______________

7. Warehouse management
7.1 Fumigation

7.1.1 In cases of insect infestation and presence of

mold, what are control measures?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
__________________
7.2 Facility requirement
Availability

Facility
Yes No

1. Quality control laboratories

2. Workshops

3. Garage for vehicles

4. Dead stock store

5. Bag stacker

6. Pest control chemicals store

7. Isolation shed

8. Restrooms and washing

facilities and accessible

facilities

9. Personnel office

7.3 Safety

7.3.1 Guards for machines should be provided

( ) YES ( ) NO

7.3.2 Illuminations are sufficient and have a cover guard

( ) YES ( ) NO

7.3.3 Building has warning signs for hazardous/dangerous

places and exits

( ) YES ( ) NO
7.3.4 Building has fire control equipment and its

provisions

( ) YES ( ) NO

7.3.5 Building has proper exhaust and ventilating system.

( ) YES ( ) NO

7.3.6 Building is identified by their warehouse name,

code and location printed on a standard billboard

exhibited outside the warehouse.

( ) YES ( ) NO

8. Other Comments
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
_______________
 Annex B
INTERVIEW SHEET

MUNICIPALITY: __________________________________ DATE: _________

Instruction: Please fill in the blanks or check whichever
appropriate.

i. SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

 Name of
Cooperative/LGU:___________________________________
 Address:______________________________________________
 No. of years of existence:_________________
 Status of Cooperative/LGU:____________________________
 Services Offered:____________________________________
 No. of Beneficiaries/members:________________
 Land area holding/member:________________________
 Crops Planted other than rice:_______________________
 Total Area Planted:___________________________________
 Production per Hectare of Main Crop (ha):_____________
 Mode of acquisition of RPC:___________________________
 Mode of Payment:______________________________________

ii. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF DRYING MACHINERRY OF THE

RICE PROCESSING CENTERS

 Do you have an operation and maintenance program for

the Drying Machinery of the Rice Processing Center?

( ) YES ( ) NO
If YES, please specify?
_________________________________________
  Is the Dryer functional?
( ) YES ( ) NO
If NO, since when?
______________________________________________
Why?
___________________________________________________________

 When do you usually utilize the dryer?

( ) WET SEASON ( ) DRY SEASON ( ) WHOLE YEAR

 Do you employ operator in the drying operation?

( ) YES ( ) NO
If YES, how many?
_______________________________________________

 Were you given briefings or training on the operation,

maintenance, and troubleshooting of the dryer?
( ) YES ( ) NO

 How frequent is the Rice Processing center conducting

maintenance on the drying machinery?
______________________________________________

 Is there and instance where the dryer malfunctioned?

( ) YES ( ) NO
If YES, What are the problems encountered since its
malfunctioning?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
__________

 Are you satisfied with the performance of the dryer?

 ( ) YES ( ) NO
Why?
___________________________________________________________

 Does any government agent visit you for occasional

servicing/checking of the Dryer?
( ) YES ( ) NO
What government agency?
_________________________________________

iii. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF RICE MILLING MACHINERRY OF

THE RICE PROCESSING CENTERS

 Do you have an operation and maintenance program for

the Rice Milling Machinery of the Rice Processing
Center?

( ) YES ( ) NO
If YES, please specify?
_________________________________________

 Is the mechanical Rice mill functional?

( ) YES ( ) NO
If NO, since when?
______________________________________________
Why?
___________________________________________________________

 When do you usually utilize the rice mill?

( ) WET SEASON ( ) DRY SEASON ( ) WHOLE YEAR

 Do you employ operator in the milling operation?

( ) YES ( ) NO
If YES, how many?
_______________________________________________
  Were you given briefings or training on the operation,
care, maintenance, and troubleshooting of the rice
mill?
( ) YES ( ) NO

 How frequent is the Rice Processing center conducting

maintenance?
______________________________________________

 Is there and instance where the rice mill

malfunctioned?
( ) YES ( ) NO
If YES, What are the problems encountered since its
malfunctioning?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
__________

 Are you satisfied with the performance of the rice

mill?
( ) YES ( ) NO
Why?
___________________________________________________________

 Does any government agent visit you for occasional

servicing/checking of Rice Mill?
( ) YES ( ) NO
What government agency?
_________________________________________

iv. STORAGE OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE OF THE RICE PROCESSING

CENTERS
  Is the storage facility a small scale or a large scale
storage?
( ) SMALL SCALE ( ) LARGE SCALE

 Is the location of the storage is accessible to all

forms of transport system?
( ) YES ( ) NO

 How many bags of grains are being stored in the

facility per harvest?

______________________________________________________

 Is the space of the storage is spacious enough to

store every sack of rice that is produced by the RPC?
( ) YES ( ) NO

 Is there space for the facility to provide future

expansions?
( ) YES ( ) NO

 Is there storage located near busy public facilities

such as schools, hospitals, etc.?
( ) YES ( ) NO

 Does the storage use the pallet or “tarima” in piling

and stacking sacks or rice?
( ) YES ( ) NO
If YES, What are its dimensions?
____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

 In storing the sacks of rice, how they are being

stacked?
____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
  What is the material of the sacks used in storing
rice?
___________________________________________________________

 Does the storage facility often infested by pests?

( ) YES ( ) NO
If YES, how do you deal with it?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
__________

 Does the storage facility have problems with

controlling the storage temperature?
( ) YES ( ) NO
If YES, how do you deal with it?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
__________
 Annex C
FARMERS’ PRODUCTION AND INCOME INTERVIEW SHEET

QUESTIONNAIRE NO.___

I. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
NAME:
_________________________________________________________________
ADDRESS:
_________________________________________________________________
AGE: __ 0 - 15 __ 16 – 30 __ 31 – 45 __ 46 - 60
__ 61 – 65 __ 66 – UP
SEX: __ Lalake __ Babae
MARITAL STATUS: __ Single __ Married __ Separated
__ Widowed
HIGHEST EDUCATION ATTAINED: __ Elementary __ Secondary
(HighSchool) __College __ Graduate School __ Vocational
LAND AREA: __ 1.0 – 2.0 Ha. __ 2.1 – 3.0 Ha. __ 3.1 – 4.0 Ha.

__ 4.1 – 5.0 Ha. __ 5.1 Ha. – UP

OWNERSHIP: __ Owner __ Shareholder __ Leaseholder __ Mortgage

YEARS IN FARMING: __ 0-5 years __ 6-10 years __11-15 years

__ 16-20 years __21-25 years __ 26 years - up

II. IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON FARMERS’ PRODUCTION AND INCOME

1. How much is your yield per harvest? ______________________

2. What is your income per harvest BEFORE using the services

of the Rice Processing Center?

a. ₱0 - ₱20,000
b. ₱20,001 - ₱40,000
c. ₱40,001 - ₱60,000
 d. ₱60,001 - ₱80,000
e. ₱80,001 – ₱100,000
f. ₱100,001 - up

3. What is your income per harvest AFTER using the services of

the Rice Processing Center?

a. ₱0 - ₱20,000
b. ₱20,001 - ₱40,000
c. ₱40,001 - ₱60,000
d. ₱60,001 - ₱80,000
e. ₱80,001 – ₱100,000
f. ₱100,001 - up

4.
5. Before using the services of the Rice processing Center,
what method do you use for drying grains?
a. Sundrying
b. Field drying and stacking
c. Self – owned Dryer
d. Others(please specify):________

6. Before using the services of the Rice processing Center,

where or what method do you use for milling?

a. Self- owned milling machine

b. Public Rice Mill
c. Others(please specify):________

7. Does using the services of the Rice processing center saves

a lot of time than your previous methods? If yes, answer
the follow up questions.

a. YES b. NO

 In drying, how much time does it save?

a. Less than 24 hours

b. 1 day
c. 2 days
d. 3 days
e. More than 3 days

 In milling, how much time does it save?

a. 0 - 3 hours
b. 4 – 6 hours
 c. 7 – 9 hours
d. More than 10 hours

8. Does the services of the RPC give additional income to the

farmers?

a. YES b. NO

If yes, how much does RPC add to the income?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
 APPENDICES
APPENDIX I
Time table of activities

Task OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR

wk1 wk2 wk3wk4wk1 wk2 wk3 wk4 wk1 wk2 wk3 wk4 wk1 wk2wk3 wk4 wk1 wk2 wk3 wk4 wk1 wk2 wk3 wk4 wk1 wk2 wk3 wk4
Writing research proposal
Delivering letter to DA
Revision of proposal
Formulate Survey and Interview Questions
Library Visit for Related Studies
Literature review
Approval of letter from DA
Letter for RPCs
Revision of proposal
Revision of Survey and Intterview Questions
Visit of RPCs
Title Presentation
Revision of Papers
Data collection
Data Analysis
Write first draft
Write second draft
Write third draft
Final papers Binded
Passing of Binded Thesis
 APPENDIX II
Budgetary Requirement
Item Qty Page Unit Total Remarks
s Cost
Pre-Assessment
Printing of Proposal 1 ₱ ₱
36.00 36.00
Subtotal ₱
36.00

Assessment
  Sample Bags Personal
Item
Labeling tags Personal
Item
Thermometer 3 CEFS
Grain moisture meter 1 CEFS
Tachometer 1 CEFS
Timers 2 CEFS
Measuring tape 1 CEFS
Noise level meter 1 Personal
Item
Weighing scale 1 CEFS
Graduated cylinder 1 CEFS
(for engines)
Vernier Caliper 1 CEFS
Accuracy
Pitot tube 1 CEFS
Manometer / Pressure 1 CEFS
gauge
Air velocity meter 1 CEFS
Power meter 1 CEFS
Scientific Calculator 1 Personal
Item
 Marking pen and pencil 1 Personal
Item
Camera 1 Personal
Item
Bulk density meter 1 CEFS
Printing of Interview 6 9 ₱ ₱
Sheet 2.00 108.00
Printing of Survey 49 3 ₱ ₱
Questionnaire 2.00 294.00
Printing of Assessment 6 25 ₱ ₱
Sheets 2.00 300.00
Subtotal ₱
702.00

Post-Assessment
Professional Fee ₱
(Proofreader) 1,500.00
Token of Appreciation ₱
500.00
Printing and Hardbound 4 ₱ ₱
of Final Paper 580.0 2,320.00
0
Subtotal ₱
4,320.00

Other Expenses
Food Expenses (Lunch 24 ₱
and Snacks 150/day) 3,600.00
Transportation ₱
1,440.00
Subtotal ₱
5,040.00
Total ₱
10,098.0
0